Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• the nanocomposites in nitrogen (flow rate 50 mL/min) from RT to 800 °C at a ramp rate of 10 °C/min. The TGA/DTA instrument was calibrated with standard weight indium standards for DTA heat flow. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instrument (Pyris Diamond by Perkin Elmer, UK) was used to record

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• ). Its principle consists of creating an acute step in the film without hurting the substrate. This step is traced with a sharp needle of diamond as in a conventional cartridge of an old-fashioned turntable. Because of the softness of the catheters, no exact measurement is feasible. Therefore, only

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• ) and PEG + [EMIM][TfO] (blue triangle), PEG + [BMIM][TfO] (red diamond), and PEG + [BMIM][DCA] (green square). Contact angles of (a) humid and (b) dry PEG + [BMIM][DCA] (1), PEG + [BMIM][TfO] (2), PEG + [EMIM][TfO] (3), and PEG (4) on silicon substrates. The error bars correspond to standard deviations

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

• Germán Prieto,
• Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
• Walter R. Tuckart and
• Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

• press, and then were polished with a Struers TEGRAMIN-30 automatic polishing machine, employing diamond suspensions down to 0.25 μm in particle size. The obtained roughness parameters, measured with a Hysitron TI950 triboindenter, were: Ra = 15 ± 3.2 nm, Rz = 98 ± 18 nm, Rt = 125 ± 31 nm. The polished

• . According to [26], hardness (H) is defined as: where P is the maximum normal load and A is the contact area between the tip and the specimen. The contact area can be related to the contact stiffness by using Sneddon’s law [27]: Nanoindentation tests were performed using a Berkovich diamond tip, with an apex

• slope of the unloading curve (∂P/∂h), evaluated at the point of maximum force. Both P and S and can be determined without knowledge of the exact geometry of the diamond tip or the shape and size of the indentation. The values of P and S are related through the following equation [32]: where Er is the

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• Republic 10.3762/bjnano.8.165 Abstract Diamond nanoparticles, known as nanodiamonds (NDs), possess several medically significant properties. Having a tailorable and easily accessible surface gives them great potential for use in sensing and imaging applications and as a component of cell growth scaffolds

• types. Keywords: cell viability; FTIR; live-cell imaging; MTS; nanodiamond; SAOS-2 cells; Introduction Carbon-based materials in the form of nanostructures are showing great promise as engineering and biomedical materials [1]. Moreover, diamond represents a new class of material with properties that

• are tailorable on demand [2]. This work investigates the use of diamond nanomaterials, or nanodiamonds (NDs), especially in life sciences, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [3][4][5][6]. Diamond is biocompatible [7][8], and for advanced biomedical applications, it is particularly promising

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (Perkin Elmer, Spectrum One, with a Universal ATR attachment with a diamond and ZnSe crystal). The microstructure of the carbonized nanofiber webs was investigated by Raman spectroscopy (DXR Raman spectrometer, Thermo Scientific, at 532 nm). The

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• -heptazine and g-o-triazine, which exhibit the band gaps of 5.49, 4.85, 4.30, 4.13, 2.97, 2.88 and 0.93 eV, respectively [62]. Among these seven phases, the β-C3N4 crystalline phase possess similar hardness as compared to that of diamond, and the pseudocubic-C3N4 and g-h-triazine-C3N4 possess direct band gap

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• for 1 h before being transferred to pure Epon and embedded at 37 °C for 2 h. The final polymerization was carried out at 65 °C for 24 h. With a reported approach [16], ultrathin sections of 80 nm, obtained with a diamond knife using an ultramicrotome Leica U6, were mounted on copper grids, and stained

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• disordered [16]. If the growth temperature further increases above 300 °C, the related Raman spectra become dominated by an intense mode at 520 cm−1 and a broad band at 900 cm−1, showing a strong similarity to bulk diamond-like silicon. The low-intensity Raman bands below the band at 520 cm−1 will be

• band at 520 cm−1 with a FWHM of 8 cm−1. This mode is similar to the L(T)O phonon mode of diamond-like silicon, clearly indicating the formation of Si crystallites. Additionally, the second-order TO phonon mode around 900 cm−1 (Figure 2, top spectrum) supports the bulk-like nature of the structures

• visualized in AFM at higher deposition temperature (300 °C). This indicates that the formation of diamond-type Si starts to take place below 300 °C. It is noteworthy that the shoulder at the lower-energy side of the L(T)O mode is assigned to the crystallites and not to amorphous Si because of its consistency

Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness

• Julia Syurik,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Prerna Sudera,
• Stephan Weyand,
• Siegbert Johnsen,
• Gabriele Wiegand and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92

• . [26]. Briefly, a flat diamond punch of 20 μm diameter was brought into contact with the material and loaded to reach a penetration depth of 3 μm. After a stabilisation period, the punch then oscillated at different frequencies between 1 and 45 Hz while maintaining the depth of 3 μm. The frequency

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• the growth of nanotubes. The formation of nanotubes on nonmetallic catalysts has peculiarities as compared to the growth on metals [46][47][48][49]. Catalytic nanoparticles of diamond [47], zirconia [48] and silica [46][49] have negligibly small bulk solubility of carbon, and it is therefore unlikely

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• nanometer-sized peaks commonly used for the determination of AFM tip sharpness and a multi-scaled rough diamond surface containing sub-micrometer protrusions. Measurements are carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid water capillary interactions. We obtain information about the average force of

• . Also, the drop does not break during a pull-off process, and its solvophobic behavior with specific surfaces is known [26]. As rough surfaces, we use a patterned surface composed of a regular array of sharp (nanometer-sized) silicon peaks, and a Hg-phobic multi-scaled diamond surface with heterogeneous

• hollow silica sphere of similar dimensions as the mercury drop. As a final pair, we measure the interaction between c) a mercury drop and a Hg-phobic multi-scaled rough diamond surface. Finally, in the last section we present the conclusions. Experimental The measuring principle we use is similar to that

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• the deposited pillar. The carbon K-edge provides information on the electronic structure of carbon and analysis of characteristic features contained within the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) indicates whether carbon is amorphous, graphitic or diamond. Figure 3e shows the corresponding

Surface improvement of organic photoresists using a near-field-dependent etching method

• Felix J. Brandenburg,
• Tomohiro Okamoto,
• Hiroshi Saito,
• Benjamin Leuschel,
• Olivier Soppera and
• Takashi Yatsui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 784–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.81

• effective in producing atomically flat surfaces in various materials, including GaN [9], glass [10] and even diamond [11] and has shown to be effective on both flat and patterned surfaces. According to theory, the etching effect originates from radical gas-phase components. More precisely, ambient O2

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• directly on the ATR crystal for measurement. IR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Tensor 27 USA spectrophotometer with a diamond crystal. For each spectrum, a 128-scan spectrum was collected from 4000 to 500 cm−1 with a 2 cm−1 resolution. Spectral analysis was performed using OPUS v4.2 (Mattson

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• Oxford Instruments EDX analyzer was used for the analysis. IR spectroscopy. IR spectra were measured with a Thermo Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrometer with a Thermo Scientific Smart Orbit (Diamond). ATR correction was done with Omnic 8.1.11 from Thermo Nicolet Fischer Scientific. For IR spectroscopy, a few

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• range of 300–1000 nm, connected to the vacuum chamber by means of an optical fibre pointing directly into the plasma. The measurements of hardness, reduced modulus and surface roughness have been performed by Nano Test Micro Materials Ltd., using a diamond Berkovich tip. Results and Discussion NbN films

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• . Toluene was then removed and the functionalized ENPs were recovered after several washings with THF. Hybrid characterization The different reaction steps were monitored by ATR-FTIR on a Thermo Nicolet 8700 spectrometer equipped with a diamond crystal (50 scans, 4 cm−1 resolution). Thermogravimetric

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• prior to analysis. Particle sizes were estimated from the surface area assuming non-porous and spherical particles. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were acquired on a Bruker Vertex 80v FTIR equipped with Bruker Platinum ATR diamond system from 400 to 4000 cm−1, under medium vacuum (280 Pa). A

• background was collected under medium vacuum, without sample. Between each analysis, the ATR diamond was cleaned with isopropanol, for which vacuum provides fast evaporation and no specific adsorption bands of isopropanol were observed. A total of 128 scans were acquired for each sample at a resolution of 1

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• as depicted in Figure 2a. It is important to notice the low roughness of the diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface, which is an important prerequisite for high-resolution MFM plane scans. For the electric field and thermal modelling the layer structure was simplified in a sensible manner as indicated in

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• microscope. For load-controlled nanoindentation tests, a three-sided diamond pyramidal Berkovich tip of approximately 20 nm radius of curvature at the apex was used. The arrays of nanoimprints (array size 100 × 100 µm) were produced on the film surface at applied loads of 0.1 and 0.2 mN, and contained 100

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• . A large variety of carbon materials have been investigated by XPS. In particular, XPS reveals important bonding information about carbons with nanoscale units such as carbon nanotubes [31], diamond-like carbon films [32], nanostructured carbon films [33], tetrahedral amorphous carbon films [34

• carbon (1.8–2.1 g·cm−3), carbon nanotubes (1.6 g cm−3) or diamond (3.515 g·cm−3) [40]. Various types of low-weight carbons have been reported in the literature, with densities typically between 100 and 300 mg·cm−3. Among these are carbon aerogels [41][42][43], amorphous carbon nanoparticles [44][45

• be due to unidentified vibrations of various types of nanocarbons and possibly of hydrocarbons adsorbed in the foams. We note that at 1180 cm−1, a peak was determined for nanocrystalline diamond films [53]. Also, two Raman features at 1180 and 1490 cm−1 in addition to the G and D peaks were observed

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• that grain boundaries are migrated and aligned at about 45° against the stress axis. This results in the evolution of a “diamond-shaped” grain structure, which was observed in conventional polycrystalline materials during cyclic deformation at high temperatures [114][115][116][117]. The grain growth by

• fatigue. The cyclic stress-induced grain growth, accompanying the transformation of low-angle boundaries into the boundaries with higher misorientation angle, is associated with the evolution of a “diamond-shaped” grain structure along initially formed shear bands. This resulted in intergranular fatigue

• stress-induced grain growth and the grain boundary configuration forming the “diamond-shaped” grain structure. The details of the proposed mechanism of grain growth-assisted fatigue intergranular fracture can be obtained from the original article [113]. The formation of a large width of striations and

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• 200 kV), the biohybrids were previously embedded in epoxy resin and then cut in very thin sections using an ultramicrotome (LEICA EM UC6) equipped with a diamond blade. SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE was performed according to Cabra and co-workers [29], where aliquots of 7.5 µL containing approximately 30 µg of