Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• manipulate the transmission of light modes, similar to how nanostructures have been utilized to regulate electron-related phenomena. Here we study the optical performance of a one-dimensional stacked photonic crystal based on LN and TiO2/SiO2. We studied the quarter wavelength multi-layered stack using

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• results prove that ZnO exhibits many novel nanostructures that can foster the development of next-generation optoelectronic nanodevices and new applications in biological and biomedical fields. Keywords: chemical vapour deposition; electron microscopy; Raman and photoluminescent spectra; ZnO

• down to collect white products formed on Si substrates. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL-6330F) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Renishaw’s RS and PL spectrometers operating with laser wavelengths of 488 and 325 nm were also employed to study phonon

• at temperatures of T = 630–640 °C. Their length is several to tens of micrometres and the diameter of the teeth is about 50 nm, as shown in Figure 6a–c. As partially shown in [37], electron diffraction analyses indicated all combs to be single crystals. For single-sided tooth combs, named C1 in

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• wavenumber range of 1100–1800 cm−1. The spectra were then normalized by dividing the signal by the visible and infrared intensities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Spectra were collected on a PHI 5600 system with a hemispherical analyzer and a monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) X-ray source with an electron

• 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer overnight. Samples were then rinsed twice in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer for 15 min each. Samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, and 100%) for 10–15 min each, followed by critical point drying (Electron

• Microscopy Sciences). Samples were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (Cressington 108A) and imaged on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI Quanta 600F). ImageJ was used to measure fiber diameter and clot density. Clot density was determined by drawing a line through the image and counting the number of

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, PVD thermal evaporation, scanning

• electron microscopy (SEM), I–V/C–V measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. CDs synthesis 2.5 g of the powdered Rheum ribes plant was placed in an autoclave bottle, and 50 mL of pure water was added to the bottle. This aqueous solution was placed in an

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• . To enrich the basic characterizations of WSe2, we conducted Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements (Supporting Information File 1, Note 5). The broken symmetry leads to an asymmetric distribution of photogenerated carriers, resulting in a non-zero photocurrent even

• monolayers of WSe2 were aligned at a 0° angle to form the 3R phase. The graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunctions were aligned and assembled onto a SiO2/Si substrate by the all-dry transfer method. Au/Cr (50/10 nm) electrodes were patterned using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL, Raith 150 Two) and

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• samples with bridges of different shapes and lengths were fabricated simultaneously in an electron beam evaporator at a vacuum of 5 × 10−8 Torr. The sample with the film was made separately but with the same parameters, including the thickness and evaporation rates. On the bridged samples

• , photolithography was performed on a Karl Suss MJB3 lithography aligner before deposition. We used AZ5214E photoresist, which was subsequently developed with MIF726. We then deposited 85 nm of hafnium and 5 nm of titanium onto the substrates through developed areas in the resist, using an electron beam evaporator

• × 10−10 W/K, calculated for the electron–phonon constant of 0.8 nW/K6/μm3, and the sixth degree of temperature according to [22]. Figure 7 shows the ampere–watt sensitivity and noise characteristics of the TES with above parameters for sample A4. The maximum current response is observed at frequencies

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• anisotropic metal nanoparticles using zeta cuvettes (DTS0012). The precise size and morphology of CTAB-AgNS, CTAB-AuNS, CTAB-AuNR1, and CTAB-AuNR2 were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM, 120 kV; FEI Tecnai). The nanoparticles were placed onto 200-mesh carbon-coated copper grids. The

• two minor peaks at 55.04° and 73.14°, which correspond to the (220) and (311) planes; these were also observed in other studies with CTAB-capped silver nanoparticles [44]. These peaks might be related to the formation of AgO in the nanoparticles, which is reported elsewhere [44]. Transmission electron

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ][50][80][81][82], analyzing differences in electron density when an electron is removed (Equation 1) or added (Equation 2) to the molecule: where the electron densities ρ(Ne), ρ(Ne − 1), and ρ(Ne + 1) correspond to systems with Ne, Ne − 1, and Ne + 1 electrons, respectively. Biological assays Initial

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• samples were thermally treated at 350 °C and 500 °C for 1 h each. Scanning electron microscopy The morphology and chemical composition (inset) of the thermally treated samples is illustrated in Figure 4. Homogeneously distributed, quasi-spherical nanoparticles (mean size diameter of 70 nm) are observed in

• and MW ZnO samples, with larger Eg values than those of the manganese-doped samples. Photoluminescence Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are usually used to describe the radiative recombinations of electron–hole pairs in semiconductors exposed to light irradiation. A high PL signal measured for a

• catalysts. This observation can be correlated to the ability of the SG material to produce O2− by electron trapping. In contrast, the ·OH generation in the presence of the MW catalyst could explain the higher formation rate of CO2 from the beginning of the photocatalytic process because of the high

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• Photonics, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.15.103 Abstract Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a novel technique for the development of multimaterial nanostructures. More importantly, it is applicable to the fabrication of free-standing

• surface or reduced capacitance) are brought by volumetric, self-standing electronic nanostructures, which provide an experimental basis for their own properties and can serve as building blocks for nanoscale devices, in which phenomena such as giant piezoresistivity, single-electron tunnelling, or field

• emission occur [3][4][5]. There are only a few processes with resolution and repeatability suitable for creating nanostructures, and even fewer are available for self-standing nanostructures. That includes epitaxial techniques as well as focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [6][7]. Integration

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• , situated on the foreleg tibiae, were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle flexibility, were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Eye and antennal grooming behavior were analyzed to evaluate the

• used to clean the head and, especially, the eyes and the antennae. The microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle deformability and flexibility (review in [36]), were analyzed using

• % glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) with a pH of 7.2, repeatedly rinsed in sodium cacodylate buffer and post-fixed for 1 h at 4 °C in 1% osmium tetroxide in sodium cacodylate buffer (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Fixed samples were repeatedly rinsed in

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• ), SiO2NPs-ZW-NH2 (with ZW + APTES), and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (with ZW + APTES + folate). Characterization of SiO2NPs Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained in a high-resolution FEI Inspect F50 microscope. A NP suspension (7 μL) was deposited directly onto a copper substrate, dried, and

• sputter-coated with Au using a Bal-Tec SCD050 Sputter Coater. Secondary electrons were collected after backscattering of the Au-coated samples attained by electron beams with a 5 kV acceleration voltage. The particle hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were evaluated on a Malvern Zetasizer ZS

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer, which scanned wavelengths from 500 to 4000 cm−1. KBr pellets were used for the measurements. For morphological investigations of the nanocomposites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a SEM-S4800 instrument; transmission electron

• microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were carried out using a JEOL JEM-2100 instrument. Crystal structure characterizations of AuNPs were carried out via XRD diffraction. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were carried out on gel solutions (1.0 mg·mL−1

• mechanism involves the transfer of electrons from BH4− (the electron donor) to the dye (the electron acceptor) facilitated by the surface of the metal nanoparticles [42][43]. Prior to electron transfer, dye and BH4− are adsorbed onto the catalyst surface, as depicted in Figure 5. Consequently, the

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• milling speed but reduced heat damage. Keywords: biological sample; COMSOL; focused ion beam; forward time–centered space (FTCS); heat damage; SRIM; Introduction FIB-SEMs combine a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused ion beam (FIB) in a single instrument and are increasingly used to prepare

• light interactions with biological tissue [18] as well as focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [19]. The general approach to assess the beam-induced heat damage and undesired artifacts, regardless if working with ions [17], photons [18], or electrons [19], compares experiments to models

• based on heat transfer and to Monte Carlo or finite element simulations [17][18][19]. Open source programs that assess heat deposition and diffusion are readily available to assess damage in light–tissue interactions [18]. For electron beams, multidimensional models predicting electron beam-induced

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• . Characterizations of the synthesized nanostructures were carried out including zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The loading capacity of the nanopolymers for DOX was investigated, and encapsulation and release studies were carried out. In a final

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Leo 440) was utilized for morphological characterizations of the SNPs; lyophilized SNPs were coated with gold, and the samples were placed in the SEM. The zeta potential the of DOX-SNPs was measured by using a Nano Zetasizer (NanoS, Malvern Instruments, London, UK

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• ionization energy (I) and electron affinity (A). According to Koopmans’ theorem, both can be approximated by I = −EHOMO and A = −ELUMO, where EHOMO is the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and ELUMO is the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). It is advantageous to

• obtaining an additional electron. Methods First, 42 drugs related to chemotherapy treatments for breast cancer were proposed. Although the most notable fullerene derivatives for biological applications are those with several hydrophilic groups, the carboxylic acid derivative C60–COOH has been studied as

• quantitative descriptors. As an alternative to the most robust but computationally more expensive density functional theory (DFT) method, DFTB was used. A reference electron density ρ0 represents the sum of the neutral atomic densities [40]. Within the third-order approach DFTB3, the ground state density ρ(r

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• various layers including the active/absorber layers, the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) [12][13]. Both HTL and ETL play a crucial role in achieving a high performance of PV devices. The most common HTL material is spiro-OMeTAD, but it is very expensive [14]. Furthermore

• ), conduction/valence band density of states, electron/hole mobility, electron affinity, and work function can be derived from the initial band energy calculation. We calculated the effective masses of electrons and holes as = 0.167me and = 0.1768me, respectively, which are very close to the values ( = 0.17me

• , and = 0.17328me) reported in the literature [46][47]. With that, we estimated the effective DOS values in the CB and the VB to be 0.1732 × 1019 /cm3 and 0.1887 × 1019 /cm3, respectively. The electron and hole thermal velocities for monolayer Ge2Se2 were estimated as 9.43 × 105 m/s and 2.668 × 105 m/s

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• five more periodic table descriptors, termed third-generation periodic table descriptors. These are atomic radius, crystal ionic radii, density of the metal, electron affinity, and ionization energy. The atomic radius is a fundamental property that influences many physical and chemical characteristics

• behavior in different oxidation states. This is particularly relevant in nanoparticle chemistry, where redox reactions are common. The density of a metal is a macroscopic property that influences the mass and volume of nanoparticles. Electron affinity measures the energy change when an electron is added to

• a neutral atom, reflecting the tendency of the metal to gain electrons. The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from a neutral atom, which is a critical factor in determining the metal’s reactivity and stability. For the present study, descriptors of all

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• recombination of charge carriers is mainly attributed to the anisotropic movement of generated electron–hole pairs in semiconductors. Therefore, the implementation of a driving force could remarkably accelerate the oriented motion of electrons and holes, which could suppress recombination and eventually improve

• photocatalytic efficiency. For years, doping of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into a semiconductor matrix has been extensively studied to enhance photocatalytic CH4 oxidation performance. Metal NPs in, for example, Au/TiO2, Au@Pd/ZnO, and Pt@Cu/TiO2 composites act as electron scavenger centers and own more free

• electrons for reactions [25][26][27]. However, the generated electron affinity of metal NPs is sometimes insufficient and cannot prevent recombination or maintain electrons for further reactions. As an advanced solution for catalysis modification, p–n junction photocatalysts with an intrinsic electric field

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• bandgap [12], which is also related to the work function. GNRs can be synthesized with atomic precision in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment using on-surface synthesis [13]. This synthesis is well known on coinage metals, namely, Cu, Ag, and Au, which possess a high electron density. To study these unique

• can be measured. Also, charges can equilibrate, the Fermi levels of tip and surface align, accompanied by an electron flow to the Au, and the GNR is charged, leading to additional electrostatic forces (Figure 1b). During imaging, a voltage is applied in order to compensate for these additional

• and obtained by the assumption that each Au atom contributes one electron to the Fermi sea. In the calculations, the potential at a certain point in space is calculated, corresponding to a point-charge tip. In the experiment, the tip is either a Si tip or a metal-coated tip. For a perfect metallic

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH 3602 Thun, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.15.90 Abstract Direct electron beam writing is a powerful tool for fabricating complex nanostructures in a single step. The electron beam locally cleaves the molecules of an adsorbed gaseous precursor to form a deposit, similar to 3D printing but

• without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70–80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas

• injection systems used in any standard scanning electron microscope. Growth of smooth 3D geometries could be demonstrated for tightly focused electron beams, albeit with low silver content in the deposit volume. The electron beam-induced deposition proved sensitive to the irradiation conditions, leading to

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape and size of the nanoparticles can be determined by these two methods [59]. TEM is extensively utilized and can differentiate between nanocapsules and nanospheres, as well as measure the thickness of the nanocapsule

• charge on the polymer. It is critical in enabling quick electron transfer between an enzyme and an electrode surface, triggering the enzyme’s catalytic function for rapid biosensing [100]. Environmental sensing applications One key advantage of using nanosensors in environmental sensing is their ability

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• was meticulously evaluated by analyzing the ablation rates, surface plasmon resonance peak positions, and particle size distributions of the obtained colloids. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using the techniques of UV–visible absorption, transmission electron microscopy, and energy

• distribution of NPs on a FP was analyzed using the INCA software with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Carl Zeiss Ultra 55). Samples were prepared by drop casting 10 µL of NPs onto a FP, followed by sputtering a thin conductive layer of gold onto the FP to facilitate lower magnification

• imaging due to the nonconductive nature of the FP substrate. FESEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping investigations were conducted on Ag/Au alloy NPs deposited on a Si substrate by drop casting 10 µL to avoid confusion in the data caused by the Au coating. Transmission electron microscopy

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• which the deposition occurs. During electron beam evaporation, an electron beam is used to vaporize the target material, while during sputtering, a high-energy ion beam is used to bombard the target. In both cases, atoms are ejected from the target and subsequently condense onto the substrate. The

• adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, graphene coatings can also exhibit antibacterial activity through electron transfer phenomena as reported by Yang et al. [114] for graphene coatings on titania. The authors reported that the increased electrical conductivity was due to the unpaired

• electrons at the Schottky-like interface between graphene and titanium. The enhancement of electron transfer rate promoted a relevant bactericidal action. Furthermore, the authors proved the relationship between activity and electron transfer rate by adding an insulating layer of zirconia and observing no