PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• assume that this is due to a strong binding of the thiol group to the silver metal surface, which prevents the dissolution by passivation. Glucose, which is often used in syntheses to reduce silver ions to silver metal, has a decelerating effect but leads to a similar fraction of silver being finally

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• rinsing (Figure 7a), the spectrum exhibit two doublets that can be assigned to a free thiol function and a thiolate species bound to the gold surface [25][26]. After rinsing, the band characteristic of the free function has disappeared (Figure 7b). But, the band corresponding to bound thiolate species

High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology

• Jorge Trasobares,
• François Vaurette,
• Marc François,
• Hans Romijn,
• Jean-Louis Codron,
• Dominique Vuillaume,
• Didier Théron and
• Nicolas Clément

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1918–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.202

• . By comparing the four different techniques, we evidence the limiting parameters for the writing speed. Wafer-scale fabrication of such arrays with 50 nm pitch allowed XPS analysis of a ferrocenylalkyl thiol self-assembled monolayer coated gold nanoarray. Keywords: gold nanodot; gold nanoparticle

• ) for XPS characterization. Details for XPS measurements can be found in the Experimental section. We have selected the Ferrocene-thiol electroactive molecule, an important model system for the formation of electronic devices based self-assembly and biological sensors. XPS spectra have been well studied

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• alkyl bromide to a sulfonate functionality. The ceria coatings deposited after the thiol pretreatment, and on anodes with no pretreatment, were continuous and uniform, with thicknesses of 60–170 nm and 100–140 nm, respectively, and those cells exhibited better lifetime performance and sulfur tolerance

• thiol surfactant treatment Treatment 4: ceria coating after sulfonate surfactant treatment Effects of sulfur exposure on cell performance The initial value of current density for each cell was chosen to give an output voltage of 0.7 V. If voltage dropped by more than 10% in a 24 h period, the current

• ). The Ni:Ce atomic ratio was 2.60 (27.8 atom % Ce) (Table 1). On thiol-treated anodes (treatment 3; Figure 5c) the ceria coating was uniform and continuous. Cracks in the coating were occasionally evident at the grain boundaries. The Ni:Ce atomic ratio was 2.01 (33.2 atom % Ce) (Table 1). On sulfonate

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• . Therefore, we studied the role of five different surface modifications on monodisperse AuNP of 5 nm core diameter (i.e., the diameter as determined by transmission electron microscopy). As surface ligands we chose: citric acid (as supplied by the manufacturer), bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine, a thiol

• factor of 2 of the median diameter prior to incubation. This contrasts DLS and AFM measurements, which yielded larger diameters of the AuNP surface-modified with large molecules (bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine, thiol-PEG, polymer shell with or without amino-PEG) even in PBS or distilled water. The

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• favorably exploited for CNTs precipitation/dispersion cycles. Ortiz-Acevedo et al. obtained a diameter-selective solubilization of SWCNTs by using cyclic peptides containing thiol groups [101]. The oxidation induces polymerization of the peptides which wrap around the nanotube achieving a size-selective

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• switchable molecular devices [11][12]. The process can also be used for non-thiol ligands [13]. Here, we extend this self-assembly procedure beyond alkanes, making use of an attractive class of molecular ligands. Molecules of the tridentate 2,6-bi(pyrazolyl)pyridine (BPP) group are well known to act as weak

• with acetyl-protected thiol anchoring groups facilitates the contact to noble and coinage metal electrodes [18]. In this study, we report on the fabrication of 2D single-layer ligand–gold nanoparticle arrays (and multilayer ligand–gold nanoparticle networks) formed by gold nanoparticles covered by

• 1367–1380 cm−1, are no longer evident in the SERS spectrum of the Au-NP–S-BPP arrays. This strongly suggests that the thiol is bound to the gold after surface-mediated hydrolysis of the acetate group. The dominance of key benzenethiol modes in the SERS spectrum is also indicative of binding via thiol

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• . However, previous examination in this context revealed decreased motility of spermatozoa incubated with gold nanoparticles in serum-free medium. These results were associated with membrane attachment of aggregated nanoparticles blocking surface thiol groups involved in sperm movement [147], which probably

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• test, one gram of the zeolite loaded with different amounts of gold-NPs was stirred into solutions of dodecanethiol in ethanol. After ten minutes, the solution was tested for remaining thiol using Ellman’s reagent. By increasing the concentrations of the solutions in small steps until the test became

• increasing gold content. This is probably due to partial melting and subsequent coalescence of the gold-NPs [39], which results in a smaller surface to bulk ratio, i.e., a lower fraction of thiol binding sites. In contrast to this, the dodecanethiol uptake capacity of zeolite-supported gold-NPs pyrolyzed at

• regeneration at different temperatures are plotted against the number of loading-regeneration cycles. The thiol uptake capacities of the three samples remain essentially constant, though the data show some scattering, which at least partially is due to the fact that the uptake was measured in a stepwise manner

Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes

• Andreas Mrugalla and
• Jürgen Schnack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98

• induce strong correlations of binding sites of neighboring biphenyls [17]. For such an investigation classical potentials for hydrocarbons would have to be used [13][14]. The thiol groups as well as the metallic support are absent in our simulation. Since the initial state is an overall planar

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• functional thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH) molecules and Pluronic block copolymers (PEO–PPO–PEO) (see chemical formula of PEG-SH and Pluronic (PEO–PPO–PEO) in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) are commonly used to prepare non-ionic polymer encapsulated AuNRs with a stealth property for in vivo

• by means of the chemisorption process between the thiol moiety and the gold particle surface [24][25]. Pluronic is a commercially available triblock copolymer with a hydrophobic segment of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) polymer sandwiched between two hydrophilic segments of PEO. In our previous study

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• complexes prior to the hydrothermal reaction [22][23]. However, the formation of Cu7S4 and Cu1.8S compounds in our case suggests that Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+ by interaction with the –SH (thiol) group of TGA (oxidation of TGA to dithiodiglycolate) [27]. The XRD pattern of the precipitate collected from the

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• followed by adsorption of AdSH. The appearance of Au adatom islands upon the thiol exchange suggests that the interfacial structures of BP2 and AdSH SAMs are different. Keywords: copper; electrodeposition; gold adatoms; nanolithography; negative resist; Introduction The applications of organic adsorbates

• reductive desorption of the less tightly bound thiol molecules in the UPD-free Au areas to yield either nanoporous SAMs or binary SAMs in the case of backfilling with a second type of thiol [11]. So far, however, this approach has been lacking control as UPD is mediated by random defects [24][26][27] which

• perfection [24][28][29][30], as a consequence of the specific molecular architecture characterised by an aromatic moiety linked to the thiol head group by a short aliphatic chain (see Figure 1a). Designing the molecules such that different factors that determine the enthalpy of the system compete to some

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• approaches have been used to exploit the capabilities of HIM, such as ion milling [21], scanning helium ion beam lithography (SHIBL) [22], and helium ion beam induced deposition (HIBID) [20]. Here we used 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT) as a molecular precursor to form SAMs on a Au substrate and

• , this is due to the energy distribution of helium ion excited secondary electrons being shifted to lower energies. Experimental Preparation of self-assembled monolayers For the preparation of 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT) SAMs we used a 300 nm polycrystalline Au layer with (111) crystal planes

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• thiols were found to assemble slowly, requiring more than six hours to generate films. A clean gold substrate was first imaged in ethanolic media using liquid AFM. Next, a 0.01 mM solution of multidentate thiol was injected into the liquid cell. As time progressed, molecular-level details of the surface

• –Au bonds to the substrate. Keywords: liquid AFM; multidentate; nanografting; nanolithography; self-assembly; Introduction Multidentate thiol-based adsorbates attach to gold surfaces through multiple bonds that provide enhanced stability to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [1][2]. Although detailed

• investigations of monodentate thiol-based SAMs have been widely reported, relatively few studies of SAMs derived from bidentate or tridentate thiol adsorbates are available. One might predict that the bulkier headgroups of multidentate adsorbates would strongly influence the kinetics, stability, and surface

Energy transfer in complexes of water-soluble quantum dots and chlorin e6 molecules in different environments

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Alexander V. Baranov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov and
• Mikhail Artemyev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.101

• -terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-OH)thiol and amino-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-NH2)thiol with a ratio of 3 to 1. This enables to obtain stable colloidal solutions of quantum dots. Then the covalent binding of the QD surface amino groups with the Ce6 carboxyl functional groups using EDAC as a

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• the orientation of the SURMOF. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the site-selective growth of the SURMOF HKUST-1 on thiol-based self-assembled monolayers patterned by the nanografting technique, with an atomic force microscope as a structuring tool. Two different approaches were applied: The

• in-situ synthesis, which was introduced by Bein et al. [15]. In this synthesis the MOF crystals are grown by dipping a gold coated substrate, which is terminated with a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM), into a solution containing a mixture of the metal nodes and the organic linkers. As a

• gold coated substrate is modified by the deposition of a thiol-based SAM, that carries either an –OH, a –COOH or a pyridine unit. The SAM, and in particular its surface termination, plays a crucial role in this context and also determines the growth direction of the SURMOF [14][15]. On a CH3-terminated

Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin

• Alexander Harder,
• Mareike Dieding,
• Volker Walhorn,
• Sven Degenhard,
• Andreas Brodehl,
• Christina Wege,
• Hendrik Milting and
• Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 510–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.60

• single thiol-group on every capsid protein subunit of the virus surface (TMVCys, 2130 coupling sites per viral nanotube), is used [31]. The labeling procedure is performed with a substoichiometric molar ratio of 0.02:1 of Atto740 maleimide (Sigma-Aldrich, München, Germany) to viral capsid protein, in

Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 345–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.40

• ]. The simplest photocatalytic mechanism of silver ions is that it may take part in catalytic oxidation reactions between oxygen molecules in the cell and hydrogen atoms of thiol groups, i.e., two thiol groups become covalently bonded to one another through disulfide bonds (R–S–S–R), which leads to

Guided immobilisation of single gold nanoparticles by chemical electron beam lithography

• Patrick A. Schaal and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 336–344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.39

• interest. In this paper we present a straight-forward three-step procedure based on chemical electron beam lithography, which is capable of producing such arrays with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Preformed 6 nm AuNPs are immobilised on thiol patterns with a pitch of 100 nm by guided self-assembly

• in any type of periodic or aperiodic pattern. In order to make new steps in this direction, in this work, we present the local reduction of sulfonic acid terminated SAMs into thiol-terminated SAMs by CEBL on electron-transparent SiO2 membranes, which enabled us to analyse the site-selective

• immobilisation of AuNPs by scanning electron microscopy in transmission (SEM-T) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Based on these analyses, we were able to optimise the process yielding periodic patterns of single 6 nm AuNPs. Results and Discussion Generation of thiol groups on thin Si/SiO2 membranes

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• silicon oxide surfaces are silane compounds such as trichlorosilanes or ethoxysilanes [20][21]. In order to provide the possibility for further chemical modification, functional silanes are of major interest. These molecules possess a functional head-group (e.g., carboxyl, amino or thiol group) in

• functional group. This group is reactive towards nucleophiles such as amine or thiol groups. A successful large-scale binding of FITC to amino-terminated silicon surfaces [27] has been demonstrated previously by fluorescence measurements [28]. The attachment of FITC on the oxide nanostructures is realized in

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution

• Bernd M. Briechle,
• Youngsang Kim,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Artur Erbe,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Ulrich Groth and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.89

• (physisorption). In the case of physisorption, one can expect that the current is mediated by tunneling. For thiol end-groups on gold, it has been shown that both chemisorption and physisorption is possible [42][43][44] depending on the surface morphology and the deposition method. For the amine end-group the

• experimental situation is not so clear. However, since in most studies in which molecules with the same molecular core but different end-groups are compared, a higher conductance is found for thiol-terminated molecules than for amine-terminated [39][45], we expect that in the asymmetric junctions the coupling

• on one side is realized through the thiol end-group and on the other side-arm through the amine end-group. We now discuss our findings and data analysis of the species 4Py, which we probed in the closed state only. Examples of I–V’s and their fittings for the symmetric and the asymmetric case are

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• through a thiol-group. To suppress interactions between nanoparticles or the molecules bound to them, usually interparticle distances of 50 nm are sufficient (for a recent study on near-field effects around a single dot see [27]). To guarantee single particle/molecule spectroscopy significantly larger

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• . As a result, the ZnO nanoparticles that are used for nucleating the nanorods get attached to the surface without the need for any further surface treatments, such as, for example, the surface treatment of polyethylene fibers with dodecane thiol for attachment of ZnO seed nanoparticles prior to