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Search for "bilayer" in Full Text gives 178 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240
- biomimetic membranes (above 41 °C) exhibits low anisotropy and high fluorescence emission intensity due to an increase in the lipid bilayer mobility and hence the chlorophyll has the possibility to move and to minimize the energy transfer leading to fluorescence quenching. In the gel phase of the artificial
Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226
- . Generally, Sn2+ can act as an acceptor if a stronger reducer is present. By comparing the standard potentials of the S2−/S and Sn/Sn2+ systems, it appears that this explanation is possible and is supported by the fact that in the SnS2–SnS bilayer, only the SnS2-sulfur atoms facing the SnS layer become
Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196
- the spontaneous extracellular electrical activity in a murine neuronal cell line, which yielded results in good agreement with recordings made by means of conventional MEAs (Figure 5). Single-spin NV-NDs embedded in an artificial lipid bilayer [136] and in a real cell membrane, in which there is a
Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170
- graphene, in which the organic unit is tightly attached on the graphene network, is the method of choice for preparing novel donor–acceptor hybrid materials that can potentially facilitate photo-induced electron-transfer phenomena. Single-layer, bilayer and oligo-layer graphene sheets have been utilized to
Formation of CuxAu1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162
- larger in Au (of the order of 10−11 m/s) than in Cu (of the order of 10−13 m/s). Experimental Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering onto (001)-oriented Si wafers with native SiO2 layer. The following bilayer samples were deposited: Au(25nm)/Cu(50nm), Au(25nm)/Cu(25nm
- ) system a) as deposited sample and b) annealed samples. XRD θ–2θ patterns of Au(25nm)/Cu(12nm) annealed samples. Bright field (top view) TEM images of Au(10nm)/Cu(15nm) bilayer a) as deposited and c) after 1 h of heat treatment at 160 °C. The arrow indicates the area of formation of a new phase. Selected
- area electron diffraction patterns of Au(10nm)/Cu(15nm) bilayer b) as deposited and d) after 1 h of heat treatment at 160 °C. Dependence of the average concentration of elements on the annealing time at 150 °C in a) Au(25nm)/Cu(50nm), b) Au(25nm)/Cu(25nm) and c) Au(25nm)/Cu(12nm) systems. Calculated
Sublattice asymmetry of impurity doping in graphene: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1210–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.133
- more recent studies suggest that this could also be possible with other impurities [43]. Whilst it is known experimentally that molybdenum impurities exhibit same sublattice configurations in bilayer epitaxial graphene, the mechanism behind this is not currently understood [60]. Boron has been studied
Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131
- actin networks and talin into model cells. Keywords: actin network; cell adhesion; giant unilamellar vesicle; integrin; lipid bilayer; synthetic cell; protein reconstitution; talin; Review Introduction Since Hooke first described a biological cell in 1665 tremendous progress has been made in
- found to quantify the binding energy of different integrin–ligand pairs under bioanalogue conditions [43]. This system was developed further to facilitate the mobility of the integrin receptors within the supported lipid bilayer. Thus, it was shown that integrin mobility controls the force-induced
- lipid bilayer, like the membrane of natural cells. With these attributes GUVs have gained increasing importance as bottom-up model systems in synthetic biology over the past years. GUVs can be used to study cellular functions and the interplay between various proteins, which are incorporated in the
Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)3NO
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129
- bilayer and even multilayer nanostructures. Results and Discussion EBID plus autocatalytic growth EBID structures were deposited from Co(CO)3NO on native SiOx on Si(100) and 100 nm Si3N4 membranes, and on commercially available, thermal 300 nm SiO2 on Si(100). The beam energy was 15 keV at a beam current
- energies, a contribution of (25 ± 5)% of the Fe intensity at the Fe L3 edge is determined for the Co L3 edge, i.e., This correction was taken into account to determine the apparent thickness of the Co contribution in the CoOxNyCz/Fe bilayer. As the first step, the autocatalytic growth of the iron
Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87
- (111) surface at 0.5 V (NHE) [51]. A recent detailed theoretical study on the stability, configuration and interconversion of formyl (CHO) and hydroxymethylidyne (COH) adsorbed on Pt(111) under a water bilayer suggested that CHOad is the only (meta-)stable form under these conditions, while the COHad
- configuration dissociates easily to COad + H [52]. For CHOad on a bridge site under a water bilayer, only a single C–O bond vibration was calculated at wave numbers of 1250 cm−1 [52]. For an adsorption potential of 0.4 V (Figure 2b), the initial IR spectra exhibit distinct differences compared to the spectra
Analytical development and optimization of a graphene–solution interface capacitance model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 603–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.71
- the measurement of quantum capacitance of bilayer graphene in an ionic liquid electrolyte. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantum capacitance of single layer graphene sheet as a function of voltage, and validate theoretical predictions with the experimental results [26]. Results and
Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70
- ) oscillations observed at low grazing angle (right inset). No XRR modulations deriving from the bilayer structure are expected, given the similar density of the constituent layers (7.22 g/cm3 for LCO and 7.14 g/cm3 for LNO). A crucial parameter for the growth of complex oxides is the system oxidation power. The
- substrate. XRD θ–2θ scan of a bilayer heterostructure La2NiO4 (diamonds)–La2CuO4 (circles) on a STO(100) substrate (S). The thickness of the La2NiO4 and La2CuO4 is 26 nm and 40 nm respectively, according to the number of RHEED oscillations recorded during the growth. In the left inset: magnification of the
In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64
- of gold rod-like particles in the aqueous medium. The issue with CTAB, however, is that it forms a tightly bound cationic bilayer on the surface of the AuNR with the cationic trimethylammonium head group exposed to the external environment. The presence of CTAB on the AuNRs surface poses a threat to
- group of CTAB molecules preferentially binds to specific crystallographic faces of gold. Thus the gold atoms are directed to deposit on selective faces of gold and attain anisotropic nanoparticles in the solution medium [6][28][29]. In this process, CTAB forms a tightly bound cationic bilayer on the
Effect of contaminations and surface preparation on the work function of single layer MoS2
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 291–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.32
- , e.g., lower the contact resistance and improve their performance. First experiments adressing this issue for MoS2 by using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) have already been reported [28][29]. However, these measurements were not done on SLM but bilayer MoS2 (BLM) and higher layer numbers and the
Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28
- bilayer of metal, which is intercalated at the SAM–substrate interface [20][21][22][23][24]. The interest in this process arises from the alteration in the strength of the S–substrate bond. Following the order Au < Ag < Cu [25] patterning is enabled by a localised UPD of Cu or Ag on Au and the subsequent
Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3
- inscribed by multiple sweeps across the same selected region, which produced a double-layer thickness for the circles and letter shapes. It has previously been reported that multiple sweeps during nanografting of carboxylic acid-terminated SAMs produced bilayer nanopatterns [36]. The square nanopattern of
Ultramicrosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates for scanning electrochemical microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 649–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.72
- were followed by 2 cycles of Ni–HCF deposition forming one “bilayer”. AFM images of Prussian blue and Ni–HCF deposited on top are shown in Figure 1. After the last deposition step the electrodes were activated by CV as described in the Experimental section of this manuscript. Increasing the number of
Routes to rupture and folding of graphene on rough 6H-SiC(0001) and their identification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 625–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.69
- Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). SHI irradiation results in rupture of the SLG sheets, thereby creating foldings and bilayer graphene (BLG). Applying the other modification methods creates enlarged (twisted) graphene foldings that show rupture along preferential edges of zigzag and armchair type
- microelectronics technology [3], in which especially bilayer graphene (BLG) is of interest, as its band gap can be tuned [4]. Although the electronic properties of AB-stacked (Bernal) BLG is of special interest due to its tunable bandgap, rotationally stacked or twisted BLG is more attractive from an application
- carpet [32]. The Kelvin-compensated NC-AFM topography measurements taken on SLG reflect the substrate step structure with its bilayer step height of 0.33 ± 0.10 nm [13]. A representative line profile is shown in the inset of Figure 2. To determine whether the roughness on the SLG reflects the contours of
Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55
- single layer TiO2 (30 nm) was sputter-deposited from a titania source. For electroforming-free devices (described below), a bilayer was used consisting of TiO2−x (30 nm) and TiO2 (5 nm), where the thicker oxygen deficient layer was sputter deposited from a Ti4O7 Magnéli phase target and the thinner
- stoichiometric TiO2 film is predominantly amorphous with some small (<10 nm) anatase grains, while the bilayer film is amorphous with no observed structural ordering. Electrical measurements of both types of devices are shown in Figure 1. Both showed reversible bipolar resistance switching. The standard device
- electroforming step is irreversible. In contrast, the bilayer device, Figure 1b, did not require such an electroforming step and subsequent bipolar resistance switching showed that the initial conductive state of the device (“Virgin”) is nearly equivalent to the subsequent OFF state. Thus, this bilayer device
Nanoscopic surfactant behavior of the porin MspA in aqueous media
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 278–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.30
- hydrophilic vestibule (the “head” of the surfactant) can potentially be deformed when single MspA proteins aggregate. Protein deformation is often observed during crystallization [26]. The formation of a bilayer is evidence for attractive interactions between MspA units. Predicting the geometry of
- formation. Then the change in the chemical potential (Δμ°) during supramolecular aggregation is dependent on the transfer of MspA from the aqueous phase into the MspA-bilayer and the interaction of the head groups. The term (Δµº/kBT)transfer is negative, because the solvation of extended hydrophobic
- describes the energetic contribution arising from the interactions of the vestibules of MspA in the bilayer. Due to the presence of polar amino-acid side-chains at the exterior of the MspA’s “head”, hydrogen bonding [29] is most likely responsible for the discrepancy of the calculated packing parameter P
Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.87
- . It was found that the film thickness increases linearly with the bilayer number n, ranging between 400 and 7500 nm for n = 12 and 96, respectively. The apparent Young’s modulus E ranges between 15 and 40 kPa and does not depend on the indenter size or the film bilayer number n. Stress relaxation
- Bilayer number n versus film thickness h The thickness h of (PLL/HA)n films with n = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 was measured both to determine the growth regime and to be able to study the mechanical properties. Two methods were used to determine the thickness. The first one is the scratch-and-scan
- and full-indentation is presented in Figure 3. The results of the two completely independent methods coincide very well within the experimental errors. Film thickness increases linearly with increasing bilayer number n (with an exception of n = 48) and ranges from about 0.4 to 7 μm for n = 12 and n
Large-scale analysis of high-speed atomic force microscopy data sets using adaptive image processing
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 747–758, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.84
- bilayer of mixed composition. Figure 2A and Figure 2E show the starting data. If present, the 1-D errors must be corrected first because any attempts to correct for the 2-D distortions will be biased by these 1-D offsets. To do this, the offset caused by the 1-D distortions is removed from each line
- routine on an example lipid bilayer of mixed composition are shown as the inputs and outputs of each major block. Each block will be discussed separately in detail. 1.1 Identify the background, generate a mask, estimate the polynomial background The purpose of this section is to identify the background
- in the image. Panel E shows the raw data of a mixed lipid bilayer on mica. Panel F shows the results of line-by-line second-order polynomial subtraction. Panel G shows 1-D artifact correction followed by 2-D second-order polynomial subtraction. Panel H shows the results of 1-D artifact correction
Ordered arrays of nanoporous gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.74
- <λp>, and the characteristic particle spacing s increase with increasing film thickness for the dewetted nanoparticles on flat substrates [19]. However, the prepatterned substrates with nanostructures lead to an obvious reduction of the particle size and spacing [19]. Although the total bilayer
Horizontal versus vertical charge and energy transfer in hybrid assemblies of semiconductor nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 629–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.72
- ]. In the present study, we applied PL and PL-lifetime measurements to investigate charge and energy transfer processes in hybrid self-assembled bilayer structures of donor and acceptor semiconductor NPs bound through organic linkers (Figure 1a). This system is different from the QDS, LB and LBL systems
- enable charge transfer processes within the first layer. This coupling is dependent on the linker length and it may affect dramatically the energy transfer processes in the bilayer system containing donors and acceptors. We suggest a model that provides a possible explanation for the observed results
- by Equation 4. Figure 3 presents the PL-lifetime from the acceptor and the donor NPs in the bilayer samples as compared with a monolayer of acceptor or donor NPs only. The adsorption of the donor NP layer hardly changed the PL-lifetime of the acceptors for the bilayers with C3DT linkers (Figure 3a
An NC-AFM and KPFM study of the adsorption of a triphenylene derivative on KBr(001)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 221–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.25
- room for progress as shown by the impressive submolecular resolution that has been demonstrated in recent works on the adsorption of pentacene [14] or decastarphene [15] molecules on Cu(111) and on a NaCl(001) bilayer on Cu(111). During the same period, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has been
Quantitative multichannel NC-AFM data analysis of graphene growth on SiC(0001)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 179–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.19
- terraces have a typical height of 1.5 nm, whereas the smaller steps towards the depressed islands have a height of roughly 0.25 nm (Table 1). The step heights match the height of the SiC unit cell of 1.52 nm [21] and the SiC bilayer height of 1.52 nm/6 = 0.253 nm, respectively. The surface oxide was
- the surface is now atomically smooth. Step heights between the smooth terraces are mostly 0.25 nm, 0.5 nm and 0.75 nm, which again correspond to multiples of the SiC(0001) bilayer height (Table 1). The step height between rough spots and adjacent smooth terraces was found to be approximately 0.17 nm
- bilayers. The right step is a substrate bilayer step combined with a change in graphene coverage from single to double layer. The resulting topographic step height is 0.09 nm, the change in contact potential 130 mV. Such analysis is supported by the fact that steps with a height that is a multiple of the
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