Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• when gold(III) is reduced in the presence of DNA toroids formed with bis(ethylenediamine)gold(III). Reprinted with permission from [66]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society. Dark-field TEM micrograph (a) and corresponding electron diffraction pattern (b) of hydroxyapatite/gelatin particles

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• scattered electron beams [6]. Contrast mechanism. Among all contrast mechanisms available in LEEM, “diffraction contrast” is the one that is most commonly used. This is derived from the strong energy dependence of electron diffraction intensities, making LEEM suitable for studying crystalline systems [13

• ]. The backscattering intensity varies depending on the material, presence of adsorbates, formation of surface reconstructions and other ordered structures, giving the means to distinguish lateral variations in such properties. In the basic operation mode, only one of the low energy electron diffraction

• heterogeneous surface. The first example of a full surface structural analysis at the micrometer scale by using LEED I(V) in a LEEM instrument was given only recently for the case of the (4 × 4) reconstruction of oxygen on Ag(111) [17]. Beyond the laterally-resolved electron diffraction, LEED measurements in a

Room temperature, ppb-level NO₂ gas sensing of multiple-networked ZnSe nanowire sensors under UV illumination

• Sunghoon Park,
• Soohyun Kim,
• Wan In Lee,
• Kyoung-Kook Kim and
• Chongmu Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1836–1841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.194

• } lattice planes, respectively, were clearly observed in the core region. The corresponding selected area in the electron diffraction pattern (Figure 2c) exhibited two types of reflection spots assigned to wurtzite-structured ZnSe: a round reflection from the core region and an elongated reflection from the

• edge region. The corresponding selected area electron diffraction pattern (Figure 2c) exhibited two types of reflection spots assigned to wurtzite-structured ZnSe: round one from the core region and elongated one from the edge region. Performance of nanowire gas sensors Figure 3a and Figure 3b show the

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• beam during electron diffraction. In contrast to the samples grown with GAA, samples grown with NaOH are more uniform and SEM (Figure 2) shows the typical nanoparticle morphology that is also observed for calcium phosphate grown from aqueous solution at basic conditions [12][13]. Also consistent with

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• AuxCu1.5x solid solutions. Figure 9 shows bright field (top view) TEM images and selected area electron diffraction patterns of as deposited and heat treated (for 1 h at 160 °C) Au(10nm)/Cu(15nm) bilayers, respectively. For TEM investigations the specimens were prepared by subsequent magnetron sputtering on

• area electron diffraction patterns of Au(10nm)/Cu(15nm) bilayer b) as deposited and d) after 1 h of heat treatment at 160 °C. Dependence of the average concentration of elements on the annealing time at 150 °C in a) Au(25nm)/Cu(50nm), b) Au(25nm)/Cu(25nm) and c) Au(25nm)/Cu(12nm) systems. Calculated

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• ). After this procedure, the STM imaging proves that the Ge(001) surface exhibits atomically flat terraces with a lateral extension of 30–50 nm and a mixed (2 × 2)/c(4 × 2)-two domain reconstruction pattern as checked by low energy electron diffraction (LEED). We deposited 6 monolayers (MLs) of Au on the

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

•  1. With the increase of the Au MVF from 7 to 13%, the average diameter of the Au nanoparticles increased and for an extreme case, in which the Au MVF was about 50%, the growth of extremely large nanoparticles has been observed (Figure 1d). The selected area electron diffraction patterns

• area electron diffraction patterns of Figure 5b–d. In addition, reflections corresponding to the metrics from TiO [43][44] were observed along with large TiO crystals after ion beam irradiation (see below in Figure 8 and Figure 9). Several studies on SHI-induced crystallization of amorphous TiO2 thin

• selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns corresponding to each MVF composite is shown exactly below each TEM image. Bright field TEM morphologies of Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite films with different metal volume filling fractions, (a) 15%, (b) 26%, (c) 34% and (d) 47%. Morphological evolutions in Au

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• Supporting Information File 1). As shown in Figure 2a, the USM nanoparticles are nearly spherical, with an average particle diameter of 14.0 nm and a standard deviation of 2.0 nm, and monocrystalline (Figure 2b). The electron diffraction pattern corresponds to the spinel iron oxide nanocrystalline phase

Self-organization of mesoscopic silver wires by electrochemical deposition

• Sheng Zhong,
• Thomas Koch,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Harald Rösner,
• Eberhard Nold,
• Aaron Kobler,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Di Wang,
• Christian Kübel,
• Mu Wang,
• Horst Hahn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1285–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.142

• wires and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure 3b). The SAED patterns demonstrate a distinct single-crystalline feature. The data show that the growth direction of the wire is perpendicular to the [111] direction, along the [112] direction. Figure 3c is a scanning

• the cation supply. Indeed such comb-like structures were observed in our experiments, too. As illustrated in Figure 5, side branching takes place only on one side of the wire and forms a 60 degree angle with respect to the main stem. Electron diffraction indicates that the side branches maintain the

Surface processes during purification of InP quantum dots

• Natalia Mordvinova,
• Pavel Emelin,
• Alexander Vinokurov,
• Sergey Dorofeev,
• Artem Abakumov and
• Tatiana Kuznetsova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1220–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.135

• ampoules to monitor changes in the intensity of luminescence. Results and Discussion XRD shows that the QDs are pure InP nanocrystals (Figure 1). Figure 2a shows an overview HAADF-STEM image of the QDs that have a size ranging between 2 and 7 nm. The ring electron diffraction pattern (insert in Figure 2a

• the synthesized InP QDs. (a) Overview HAADF-STEM image of InP QDs. The ring electron diffraction pattern (insert) is indexed on a face-centered cubic lattice with a ≈ 5.9 Å. (b) High resolution HAADF-STEM image of the [011]-oriented QD. Planar defects (stacking faults) associated with {111} close

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• ). Electron diffraction and XRD diffraction analyses indicated the bulk-CdTe face-centered cubic structure for CdTe-NC. An additional diffraction line corresponding to the octahedral Cd3P2 was also detected as a secondary phase, which probably originates by reacting free cadmium ions with trioctylphosphine

• of monodispersity could not be evaluated from the TEM micrograph. The TEM image of Figure 1a shows CdTe-NC with a size of 3.5 nm, the electron diffraction pattern (inset Figure 1a), indicated the face-centered cubic phase for CdTe as reported by Talapin et al. [31]. The electron diffraction pattern

• attributed to the octahedral phase of Cd3P2 [35], so testifying the electron diffraction results. It is also observed that Cd3P2 disappeared at the low TOP concentration (Figure 3). The crystal size, as determinated by using the Debye–Scherrer formula, was 3.7 nm, which is in good agreement with the value

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM studies were done on a JEOL JEM-3011 microscope with accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The XRD analysis of the nanoparticles and the microparticles was done on a Philips diffractometer with a

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• (OH−). Analyses by X-ray and electron diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as determination of the chemical composition revealed that at least under in vitro conditions in osteoblasts low concentrations of carbonate ions exist in their Ca2+/phosphate mineral phase. Parallel

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• number and species of atoms forming each atomic layer is placed on the growing surface at the right time, so that each of them is deposited singularly and in a sequence defined by the operator. Key tool for the ALL-MBE technique is the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) system, which

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images were obtained using JEOL JEM-2100 microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrum of the sample was measured at room temperature using a

• illustrates the crystal interplanar spacing of 3.12 Å, which can be ascribed to the (112) plane of kesterite phase CZTS. The diffraction spots in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern illustrated in Figure 1e can all be indexed to the (112), (220), (224) and (420) planes of kesterite CZTS

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• ) experiments were carried out. Figure 3 shows two TEM images and corresponding size distributions with different ratios of silver nitrate to cyclodextrin containing polymer 1. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the Au nanoparticles 2 shows rings ascribed to Ag crystals of the face

• a Phillips EM420 (Fa. FEI) microscope at 120 kV. The electron diffraction patternwas recorded for the selected area. The particle size and size distribution was determined by image analysis using AxioVision LE64 software. Turbidity experiments were performed on a Tepper cloud point photometer TP1

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• by using a quartz microbalance. One single-layer (SL) is defined as the molecular density of flat molecules fully covering the graphene layer, and it corresponds to a nominal thickness of about 3.4 Å. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) was used to check the symmetry of both clean and Gr-covered

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• drop-casting the particles (suspended in water) on carbon coated copper grid. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis was carried out on the same grid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of biosynthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles were carried out by coating

• corresponds to plane {400} of Gd2O3 nanoparticles (Figure 2C). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis (Figure 2D) of the biosynthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles shows that the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. Diffraction spots could be well indexed with the cubic structure of Gd2O3

• electron diffraction (SAED) pattern recorded from the Gd2O3 nanoparticles. XRD measurements of biosynthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles. XPS data showing the (A) Gd(3d), (B) C(1s), (C) O(1s) and (D) N(1s) core level spectra recorded from biosynthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles film cast onto a Si substrate. The raw

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• stages of the growth process using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron diffraction measurements. Results In this bioinspired synthesis, stoichiometric Co2FeO4 discs of hexagonal, diamond

• smaller irregularly-shaped subunits with diameters in the range of D = 5–15 nm. To study the orientation of these subunits a dark field measurement was performed. The marked reflex in the electron diffraction pattern (Figure 3d) was selected using the objective aperture and the TEM was switched back into

• in Table 1, indicates that several phase transformations take place during the growth process. Electron diffraction images of the discs between t = 5 min and t = 2 d, displayed at the top of Figure 3, show an increase in orientation with time. The electron diffraction patterns are direct

Template based precursor route for the synthesis of CuInSe₂ nanorod arrays for potential solar cell applications

• Mikhail Pashchanka,
• Jonas Bang,
• Niklas S. A. Gora,
• Ildiko Balog,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 868–874, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.98

• the product was also confirmed by TEM and SAED (Figure 4). Diffuse rings in the electron diffraction pattern (see inset in the upper left corner in Figure 4) suggest a random crystallite orientation and no preferential crystal growth direction. At a higher magnification it can be recognized that the

Modulation of defect-mediated energy transfer from ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of bilirubin

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Karthik K. Lakshman,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Abhinandan Makhal,
• Samim Sardar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 714–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.81

• polycrystalline nature of the nanoparticles is confirmed by the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure 2c). The particle size distributions of all samples obtained from the respective TEM micrographs are also shown in Figure 2d–i. For the as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles the mean

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• -TEM images of the initial microstructure of ncPd 1 (a) and ncPd 2 (b) with the corresponding selected electron diffraction pattern (SAED) as insets. Orientation maps overlaid with reliability derived from ACOM-TEM of the as deposited sample in a) cross section and b) plane view (insets shows the color

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• structure a of Fe90Sc10 nanoglass produced by consolidating Sc75Fe25 glassy clusters at a pressure of about 4.5 GPa is displayed (Figure 6) in the scanning tunneling microscopy image [17] of the polished surface of a nanoglass specimen. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the Fe25Sc75

• nanoglass (Figure 7a) evidences [18] the amorphous structure. In fact, the wide-angle electron diffraction patterns of the nanoglass and of a melt-spun glassy ribbon were indistinguishable for large scattering vectors (Figure 7b). Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) was applied (Figure 8) to examine

• scanning tunneling electron micrograph (STEM) of the polished surface of a Fe90Sc10 nanoglass specimen. The STEM reveals the granular structure of the Fe90Sc10 nanoglass produced by consolidating Fe90Sc10 glassy clusters with a pressure of 4.5 GPa [17]. (a) Selected electron diffraction pattern of a

A nano-graphite cold cathode for an energy-efficient cathodoluminescent light source

• Alexander N. Obraztsov,
• Victor I. Kleshch and
• Elena A. Smolnikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.58

• resolution imaging with transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction analysis [15] confirm this conclusion and indicate that these flakes consist of a few graphene layers (of 5 to 50) oriented predominantly perpendicular to the substrate surface (see Figure 4). The thickness of only a

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• stoichiometric layer was again deposited from a stoichiometric titania target. Device junction areas studied included 1.5 × 1.5 μm2 and 3 × 3 μm2. The device area is defined by the overlap of the bottom and top electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) showed that the

• characterization by TEM TEM characterization was performed using a JEM 2100F microscope. A customized single-tilt sample-holder tip was designed to accommodate the silicon/silicon-nitride substrates with the memristor device. The electron microscope was used to obtain selected area electron diffraction (SAED