Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions

• Youngsang Kim,
• Safa G. Bahoosh,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Fabian Pauly and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261

• lithography is performed with a double layer of electron beam resists (copolymer/PMMA). After developing the resists, Au of around 70 nm in thickness is deposited, the electron-beam mask is lifted off in warm acetone, and then the polyimide layer is partially etched away (thickness reduction of ca. 700 nm) by

Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li,
• Shuai Ren and
• Shusheng Bi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2572–2582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.257

• surface, which was spin-coated as a thin film on a silicon (100) substrate at a speed of 500 rpm. The silicon substrate was cleaned in a sonic bath of piranha, acetone and then water for 30 mins before spin coating. PS particles (molecular weight 350,000, Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in toluene

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• CNM from the gold, PMMA was used as a coating for the nanomembrane. With the help of aqueous iodine, the PMMA–CNM stack was detached from the gold substrate. Subsequently, the PMMA was dissolved by acetone within a critical-point dryer. Negative halogen ion yield curves for dissociative electron

Interface conditions of roughness-induced superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces immersed in hexadecane and ethylene glycol

• Yifan Li,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2504–2514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.250

• . Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, MW = 100,000–200,000, Aladdin) was dissolved in DI water to concentrations of 15 and 50 mg·mL−1. SiO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of 7 nm (AEROSIL RX 50, Evonik Industries) were dispersed into acetone (Fisher Scientific) at various concentrations (10 to

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• nanostructures for a broad range of technical applications. Experimental Materials Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), diethylene glycol (DEG), acetone, copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O), nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O), cobalt

• to [27]. In a typical procedure, 0.109 g of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O was dissolved in 5 mL of diethylene glycol under vigorous stirring. Subsequently, 2 mL of concentrated nitric acid and 35 mL of acetone were added to the above solution in sequence, and stirring was continued for another 30 min to form a clear

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• , the demonstration of interactions between different particle types at the cellular level reveals that synergetic effects, either positive or negative, must be considered for nanotechnology and nanomedicine in particular to develop to its full potential. Experimental Materials HPLC grade acetone

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• with nitrogen. The coverslips were immersed in a solution of 1 vol % 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, TCI America) in HPLC grade acetone (Fisher) at 50 °C for 20 min. Afterwards, they were washed with ethanol and water and dried under nitrogen. PDMS blocks were made by thoroughly mixing Sylgard 184

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• , East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 10.3762/bjnano.8.226 Abstract ZnO quantum dots and KNb3O8 nanosheets were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol where isopropanol is simultaneously oxidized to acetone

• /CH3OH = −0.38 V) [29], the valence band of pure ZnO quantum dots (EVB = 1.6 V) and pure KNb3O8 nanosheets (EVB = 2.52 V) which are more positive than that of the isopropanol oxidation to acetone (EC3H8O/C3H6O = 0.49 V) [30], which made the reduction of CO2 to methanol and the oxidation of isopropanol to

• acetone possible. Under UV irradiation, photoinduced electrons in the conduction band (CB) of KNb3O8 migrate to the valence band (VB) of ZnO quantum dots and combine with the holes to efficiently prevent photogenerated electron–hole pairs from vast and fast recombination. Therefore, the lifetime of free

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• -Aldrich. Cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol, hydrazine, acetone, AOT (dioctylsulfosuccinate sodium salt) obtained from POCH S.A. (Poland) were used without further purification. F12 medium, streptomycin and penicillin, glutamine, and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS Hi) were purchased from Gibco® Life

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• water and acetone several times. Gold colloids Gold colloids were prepared using the Frens method. 100 mL of 0.01% (w/w) aqueous HAuCl4 solution were heated to boiling point and 0.6 mL of 1% (w/w) of sodium citrate solution were added. In ca. 2 min the boiling solution turned blue (nucleation) and after

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• spin coating from solution [23][25]. The main disadvantage of applying these supporting polymer layers to graphene is their removal during the final steps of the transfer procedure. Dissolving the polymer, for example by using hot acetone, typically leaves residue on the graphene monolayer [22][32][33

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• processes are the following: dichloromethane (Carlo Erba Reagents, 99.9%), ethanol (LabChem), acetone (LabChem), acetonitrile (Carlo Erba Reagents, 99.8%), diethyl ether (LabChem, 99.9%). The reagent sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and the ILs [EMIM][TfO], [EMIM][EtSO4], [BMIM][TfO], [BMIM][DCA], [C2OHMIM

• are silicon wafers b100N with 0.5 mm of thickness and a roughness below 0.1 nm. Stainless steel AISI 316L spheres with 3 mm of diameter were used as counter bodies. Methods Synthesis of ionic liquids [AMIM][Br]: 1-Methylimidazole (14.0 mL, 176 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of acetone in a round

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• of about 80–100 times by a thermal shock at 600 °C [8]. Sonication in an acetone bath allowed for further exfoliation and separation of the loosely connected graphite nanosheets. Further size reduction of these large (several micrometers long) structures produces fine particles consisting of a few

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• nanospheres were ultrasonically dispersed in acetone. The sample for TEM observation was prepared by placing a 5 μL of particle dispersion on a copper grid, which was coated with thin films of Formvar and carbon, and was allowed to dry in air. The polymer nanoparticles were stained by mixing an equal volume

• carbonized products were obtained after the PAN nanoparticles, the PAN-PMMA1 nanoparticles and the PAN-PMMA2 nanoparticles were successively subjected to a preoxidation treatment at 250 °C and a carbonization treatment at 600 °C. The obtained carbonized products were first ultrasonically dispersed in acetone

• carbon nanoparticles. The carbonized product of the PAN-PMMA1 nanoparticles could be completely dispersed in acetone by ultrasonic treatment. However, after storing overnight, most of the carbonized product settled at the bottom of the bottle, and the color of the dispersion faded obviously (Supporting

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• plug using acetone before purification by chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc/hexane 2:8, increasing amount of EtOAc). The pure fractions were distilled, and the pure compound was precipitated from DCM in hexane to obtain a black powder (145 mg, 40%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 1.50 (s, 6H), 2.14 (s, 6H

• h. The oxi-CNOs were separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation (15 min at 1800 rpm) and filtered off on a nylon filter membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and washed with dH2O, DMF, methanol and acetone. After drying overnight at RT, 51.2 mg of oxi-CNOs were obtained as a black powder. fluo-CNOs

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• -octadecene (ODE, 90%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) was purchased from Merck Millipore. Other chemicals including hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, methanol, chloroform, cyclohexane and acetone were obtained from Reachem Slovakia. Synthesis of core β-NaGdF4

• . After the methanol was evaporated, the solution was heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexane. Synthesis

• heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant core–shell nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexene. Tween modification of oleate-capped β-NaGdF4:Yb,Er

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

• Germán Prieto,
• Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
• Walter R. Tuckart and
• Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

• specimens were ultrasonically cleaned with acetone and isopropyl alcohol for 5 min and then placed onto the stage of the triboindenter to perform nanoindentation and nanotribological tests. Nanoindentation tests A Hysitron TI950 triboindenter was employed for performing nanoindentation measurements, using a

Collembola cuticles and the three-phase line tension

• Håkon Gundersen,
• Hans Petter Leinaas and
• Christian Thaulow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1714–1722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.172

• the dye. The parts of the cuticle that were wetted by the dye can then be visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Results and Discussion Collembola cuticles were dyed with a water–acetone solution of Nile Red and imaged with fluorescence microscopy, a selection of cuticles are shown in Figure 4. The

• immediately before experiments. Nile Red dye was dissolved in acetone to form a stock solution at 1 mg/mL. This was further diluted 1:100 with 10 vol % acetone (aq) to form an aqueous acetone dye. Samples were soaked in the dye solution for 5 min and subsequently rinsed with acetone and air-dried. Samples

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• Sigma-Aldrich. FTOs were cleaned by successive sonication with soap water, acetone, ethanol and deionized (DI) water for 10 min each and were then dried prior to their usage. Optical characterization A Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer and a Jobin Yvon Fluoromax-3 fluorimeter have been used for the

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• . Ar and CH4 of high purity were used as dilution and source gas, respectively. Prior to the growth, the substrates were cleaned by acetone, isopropyl alcohol and deionized water, followed by drying with N2 gas, and then loaded into the growth chamber. The chamber was evacuated to 10−6 mbar. The

Light-induced magnetoresistance in solution-processed planar hybrid devices measured under ambient conditions

• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Danny Reuter,
• Karla Hiller,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1502–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.150

• /tetralin (2:1) with a concentration of 8 mg/mL. Prior to drop-coating, the fabricated structures with gold electrodes were cleaned using acetone, ethanol and deionized water respectively. 5 µL of solution was used to drop-coat the OFET substrates of 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm area and 3 µL solution was used to drop

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• in the range between 75 to 400 nm for different solvents, and ethanol gives the smallest diameter for all CD nanoparticles. The effect of organic solvent selection on nanoparticle diameter was found to follow the order of methanol > acetone > ethanol for 6OCaproβCD nanoparticles and CS-6OCaproβCD

• nanoparticles, and acetone > methanol > ethanol for PC βCDC6 nanoparticles. It is worth noting that ethanol also gave the most monodisperse particles with an acceptable polydispersity index (<0.2) (Table 1). As expected, the core–shell nanoparticles CS-6OCaproβCD had the largest size due to the chitosan coating

• difference between the other solvents/water, and the smallest particle size is obtained in the formulation using ethanol [30]. In another study, Khan et al. prepared gelatine nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation technique with different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, n-propanol and

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• -established nanoparticle preparation methods were evaluated for PCL and mePEG-PCL nanoparticles. These preparation methods can briefly be summarized as follows. Nanoprecipitation: The polymer (PCL or MePEG-PCL) was dissolved in acetone (0.1% v/w) under moderate heating. This organic solution was added to

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• soluble in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., acetone, acetonitrile, or dichloromethane), but are only sparingly soluble in alcohols and insoluble in H2O. The products gave satisfactory elemental analyses and the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) spectra with base peaks for the individual [Ni2L

• (2.07 g, 12.47 mmol, 35%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.96–8.03 (m, 4H, ArH). This material was used without further purification in the next step. Synthesis of H2L6, step 3,4'-(methylthio)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid 4-Boronobenzoic acid (3.00 g, 18.08 mmol), 4-bromothioanisole (4.41 g, 21.70

• phase was removed under reduced pressure and the pH of the remaining aqueous solution adjusted to 1 using 2 M aqueous HCl. The precipitate was filtered, washed with a small amount of dichloromethane to give the crude material, which was redissolved in acetone and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• , FeCl2·4H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, CoCl2, MnCl2, NH3, acetone, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. To modify the surface of ferrite nanoparticles, toluene (POCH), oleic acid (POCH) and oleylamine (Sigma-Aldrich) were used. For the functionalization of nanoparticles by

• atmosphere [15]. To obtain ferrite with Co, Mn or Ni, half of the Fe(II) salt was replaced by proper Me(II) salt [18]. Finally, the nanoparticles were separated from the solution by the application of the permanent hand magnet, washed in deoxygenated acetone and dried to powder form with a vacuum evaporator