Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• found that nps smaller than 100 nm produce more ROS due to their higher surface area [29]. Properties of nps such as surface charge density and zeta potential are influential in determining their reactivity, agglomeration properties, interaction with cells, stability in complex media, and adsorption of

• got adsorbed on the nanotube surface and that the nanotopography plays an important role in their selective adsorption and maintenance of biological function [34]. It has been reported that the small size of the nanotubes seems to speed up cell adhesion by providing an effective length scale for

• integrin clustering and focal adhesion development. In this context, Chen et al. employed the adsorption of functional proteins (bone morphogenetic protein 2 and sclerostin antibody) to modify TiO2 nanotube arrays to repair bone fractures [35]. The PC alters biodistribution, biological identity and

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• [28], wound dressings [29], sound adsorption [30], cosmetics [31], and sensor devices [32][33][34]. In filtration processes, electrospun nanofibers can be employed for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the atmosphere. To protect people from bacteria, viruses, smog, and dust, nanofibers

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• remains unreacted, still imaged as a bright protrusion. There are three backbonds at each adatom site. The existence of the tilted pairs (Pair 1, Pair 2) may suggest that the adsorption sites of oxygen at the backbond site should have a certain preference. The pair corresponds to one adatom and a pentamer

• existence of a certain oxidation pattern indicates that the preferential adsorption site should be related to the strain induced by the pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms. In the case of Si(111), it has been shown that one oxygen atom at the backbond of a similar adatom site is the common first product for oxidation

• [20]. Hence, it is reasonable to postulate that a similar structure is formed at the adatom site on Si(113)-(3 × 2). Similarly, it is also reasonable to postulate that the oxidized position inside the pentamer site is antisymmetric to produce a tilted pair. In [18], a dissociative adsorption model of

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• functional specific nanosized additives to be used in various water remediation membrane techniques. The adsorption, filtration, photocatalytic, and bactericidal capabilities of the hybrid membranes in removing common major water pollutants such as metal ions, dyes, oils, and biological pollutants have been

• into cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [15]. ENH membranes, along with their high porosity and high aspect ratio, possess a high permeation ability, adsorbability, and selectivity, which makes them excellent for environmental remediation, specifically for the adsorption and filtration of

• after exiting the needle under low relative humidity. It is, thus, exposed to voltage-induced stretching only for a brief period of time. At high relative humidities, solidification happens slowly due to the competition between the evaporation of the solvent and the adsorption of water on the

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• in recent years. There are many methods for controlling and removing NOx, such as reducing the burning temperature, reducing the residence time at peak temperature, chemical reduction or oxidation of NOx, removal of nitrogen from combustion fuels, and sorption, both adsorption and absorption [7][8

• photocatalytic NO removal under solar light for the first time. Furthermore, they found that the introduction of SnO2 NPs increases the photostability of PANI during the photocatalytic process, which holds great potential for scalable manufacturing. Also, this work thoroughly discussed the adsorption and

• study also indicated that hydrogen bonds between NO and PANI increased the adsorption of NO on the SnO2/PANI surface, leading to enhanced photocatalysis. However, the photocatalytic stability of SnO2/PANI is still a challenging problem. Enesca et al. [29] developed photoactive heterostructures based on

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• , which may be partially due to a decreased overall positive charge upon adsorption of some amine groups to the crystal surface [53] and maybe partially due to the oxidation of amine groups as we have previously determined for SPION@bPEI [35][54]. Indeed, this is quite a notable advancement since there is

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• ][111] and many other parameters such as solvent viscosity, species diffusion coefficients, and adsorption of protective ligands onto NP surface [79]. So, variations of the “room temperature” in different laboratories might explain the different sizes and stability of obtained NPs. Light. The level of

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• with functionalized tips. We report on the topographic signatures observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules, iron (Fe) atoms and sodium chloride (NaCl) islands deposited on superconducting Pb(111). For the CO adsorption a comparison with the Pb(110) substrate is

• low temperature. This differs distinctly from the adsorption on Pb(110), which has also been performed. In contrast, NaCl islands and single Fe atoms are more stable. Nevertheless, a general propensity for a tip-induced displacement of these adsorbates on the Pb(111) surface can be fulfilled. We

• clean and sharp Pb tip was then prepared at low temperature by repeated indentations into the surface. STM images were acquired in constant-current mode with the bias voltage applied to the tip. All experimental data were analysed by using Gwyddion [48]. Results and Discussion CO adsorption on Pb(111

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• to be possessing better gas sensing capabilities. Fab-fracs with these salient features will help in designing the commercial gas sensors with better performance. Keywords: adsorption sites; fabricated fractal; fractal dimension; gas sensor; morphology; pore network; recovery time; response time

• hydrogen adsorption [64][65]. Figure 5d depicts the response of fab-fracs with D = 2.43 and 2.49 for different gases. Pt decoration can be seen to improve the sensing performance for all analyte vapors, and this can be attributed to the higher catalytic activity due to Pt 5d electrons and the fractal

• response and better selectivity to NO2 at 65 °C. These sensing characteristics were attributed to the dendritic structure promoting diffusion and increasing the availability of adsorption sites. The structures were estimated to have a fractal dimension of 1.78. The results of these three studies show that

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• the atomic level, quantum chemistry methods have been utilized to analyze the adsorption energies and optimized structures of different precursor molecules deposited on surfaces [11][12]. Nevertheless, ab initio methods are only applicable to relatively small molecular systems with a typical size of

• , and amorphous carbon. A choice of the substrate affects the adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of precursor molecules on the surface as well as the yields of secondary and backscattered electrons. These quantities affect the fragmentation rate of the adsorbed precursor molecules and, hence, the

• charges, and thus the electrostatic interaction should also be taken into consideration. However, accounting for this interaction slows down the simulations significantly. In the present study, test simulations of the Pt(PF3)4 adsorption and diffusion on SiO2-H with non-zero and zero partial charges on

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• by adsorption [92], with rates of release depending on interaction of the drug with the porous silicon. Oxidation, covalent binding, and electrostatic interactions can all be used to immobilise the drug on the porous silicon [94], while both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules can be loaded on

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• oxygen doping have proven to enhance the immobilization of sodium polysulfides leading to an advancement in battery performance [31][32]. Adsorption and trapping of polysulfides are achieved through strong interactions between the sodium atoms in sodium polysulfides and the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• these ultrathin interfacial layers significantly reduce both the molecular adsorption energy and the hybridization of molecular states with the electronic bands in metals and semiconductors. However, charge transport is not completely inhibited, and electrons can still tunnel from the metal through

• space. Molecular adsorption and self-assembly are significantly altered compared to metals due to an often weak interaction between organics and bulk insulators. In contrast to face-on adsorption on metals, a tilted and edge-on adsorption becomes possible for planar aromatic molecules on bulk insulators

• . Due to lowered diffusion barrier and adsorption energy, the two-dimensional molecular layers can be affected by dewetting and may change into three-dimensional clusters [47]. In return, the reduced molecule–surface interaction on insulating films or bulk insulators can stabilize highly reactive

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1:2 for electrodeposition of a zinc–nickel alloy to provide corrosion protection [90]. Due to the ever-rising interest in DESs for nanomaterial synthesis, a fundamental understanding regarding interfacial behavior and mass transport, such as ionic adsorption, surface

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• possible to exploit different techniques of functionalization. To avoid different effects related to the aggregation of NPs we used Ag NPs immobilized by adsorption as a convenient and reproducible SERS substrate for the investigation of the chemical treatment of the Ag surface with different reagents. To

• minimizes additional effects related to SERS enhancement due to energy transfer to the support, which might occur when conductive or semi-conductive materials are used [31]. The immobilization of Ag NPs from sodium citrate solution was possible due to the poor adsorption of citrate ions on the Ag surface

• positive charging of the Ag surface. However, the SERS signal of CuTSPP4 is much weaker in that case than that of CuTMpyP4 after negatively charged surface modification. This is presumably not caused by different adsorption maxima of the analytes because they have very similar optical properties [33]. We

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• gap in understanding thin film nucleation on 2D materials. In this paper, we present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the adsorption of small Co and Ru structures, with up to four atoms, on a monolayer of MoS2. We explore how the metal–substrate and metal–metal interactions contribute to the

• materials, which often differ from their bulk equivalent, as well as the flexibility in fabrication afforded by an ultrathin material [17]. The majority of applications are built on an interaction between a metal and the 2D material. There are multiple studies in this regard that involve the adsorption of

• catalysts or for preventing islanding of conductive metals. Typically, theoretical studies focus on the adsorption of either single atoms of a series of metals [21][23][24][25][27] or large nanoparticle-like structures [19][20]. In our previous study we identified that while these studies do deliver useful

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• number of adsorbed particles (adatoms) in the cell and the total number of places for adsorption (nodes) in each cell. In this case, the concentration of adsorbate in each cell is x(r,t) ∈ [0,1], where t is the time variable and r is the spatial coordinate. The spatio-temporal evolution of the adsorbate

• atoms from the gaseous phase attach to the substrate and become adatoms. The adsorption rate ka = p exp(−Eads/T) is defined by the pressure of the gaseous phase p, activation energy for adsorption Eads, and the frequency factor ; T is the temperature measured in units of energy (eV). Adatoms can desorb

• corrected by taking into account the effects of the interaction of adatoms with the potential U(r). In this case, the desorption rate of the interacting particles takes the general form kd = kd0exp(U/T). It was shown previously, that the system with adsorption and desorption reactions only is stable to any

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• largely influenced by the surface carrier density on the surface of the nanowires. The adsorption of gas molecules can change the surface carrier density by the shielding effect, so the output of the sensor is very sensitive to the gas concentration. Compared with traditional metal oxide semiconductor

• prepared the sensitivity of which was 925% [20]. Figure 5f shows the piezoelectric output voltage of In2O3/ZnO NW array exposed to dry air and H2S gas of various concentrations at room temperature. Compared with the gas adsorption reaction of ZnO material, the conversion of In2O3/ZnO to In2S3/ZnO has a

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• , namely site-specific ion-enhanced etching with high spatial resolution. Similarly, site-selective etching of MoS2 has been demonstrated using helium ion irradiation to create defective regions that become activated for oxygen adsorption and subsequent oxidative etching when heated in air [68]. Helium ion

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• for desorption (Qd) and adsorption (Qad) of atomic hydrogen, as described in more detail in Supporting Information File 1. The CV recording rate was 20 mV·s−1 and the potential range was 0.04–1.2 V relative to RHE. To determine the ORR activity of the catalysts, the electrolyte was saturated with

• decrease in all sections of the CVs (Figure 4). The calculation based on the amount of energy consumed for the electrochemical adsorption and desorption of an atomic hydrogen monolayer showed that an increase in the Pt loading in the obtained samples (from 20.4 to 39 wt %) leads to a decrease in the ESA

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• well-controlled adsorption and electronic properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In such systems, h-BN shows a rich structural and electronic morphology, which depends on the lattice mismatch and the interaction strength with the substrate: Large and flat lattice-matched terraces for h-BN/Ni(111

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• the first molecules studied in HV-ESD experiments [5][30]. Here, we present a comparison between TE and HV-ESD regarding the adsorption and structure formation of C60 molecules on surfaces at low coverages, that is, below one monolayer down to single molecules. We used a non-contact atomic force

• photovoltaics [47]. To date, only few SPM studies have focused on the adsorption of organic molecules on NiO surfaces [35][36][37]. Because organic dyes are large and complex molecules, their TE is impossible, making HV-ESD methods the only deposition technique compatible with fundamental studies. A first step

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• be driven by the ionization potential difference between substrate and adsorbate. In addition, fluorination may affect significantly the adsorption geometry on surfaces as well as the single-crystal structure and arrangement in thin films [34][35][36][37]. Furthermore, local chemical interactions

• from 0.8 to 0.9 eV for N 1s and C 1s, respectively. Such a broadening might be ascribed to adsorption at inequivalent adsorption sites or other kinds of disorder, which may result in a statistical distribution of orbital energies [59]. Also visible is a shift of the monolayer N 1s and C 1s core level

• strength of the interface interaction depends on the particular adsorption site. The question arises whether or not the interaction is further affected by the fluorination of the CoPc molecule. C 1s, F 1s and Co 2p3/2 core level spectra of CoPcF16 on STO are shown in Figure 4. The peak fit data are given

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• 84.77% to 87.23%. The schematic representation of the as-synthesized material structure is shown in Figure 5. The porosity of polymeric carbon nitride and PCN doped with chlorine was tested by the N2 adsorption–desorption experiment. The typical IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops are observed in the

• of chlorine-doped polymeric carbon nitride. (a) Adsorption–desorption isotherms and (b) density functional theory (DFT) applied to the adsorption isotherms to obtain pore–size distributions of PCN and Cl-PCN. H2 evolution rate catalyzed by PCN and Cl-PCN. (a) DRS spectra, (b) PL emission spectra, (c