Nematic topological defects positionally controlled by geometry and external fields

• Pavlo Kurioz,
• Marko Kralj,
• Bryce S. Murray,
• Charles Rosenblatt and
• Samo Kralj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 109–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.13

• pattern of four topological defects (m = 2: blue circles, m = −2: gray squares), part of a larger square array of such defects. The separation between neighboring defects is roughly 30 μm, h ≈ 3 μm. (c) Darkfield microscopy image of a nematic cell the master plate of which enforces a square array of m

• = ±2 TDs; this image shows a rare example of a double integer defect that decomposes into a pair of half integer defects plus one integer defect. (d) Typical polarizing microscopy pattern image of this defect array. The scale bars are (a) 500 nm and (b,c,d) 5 μm. Plots of β2(x,y) for different imposed

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• limited production amount caused by the small volume of the microreactor. For high throughput and adequate production, a feasible solution may involve the combination of two approaches: to parallelize the microreactors to form an array and to enlarge the microchannel in the lateral direction into a planar

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• . For instance, a hydrogen-terminated nanocone array exhibited a fast response time (4.7 s) towards 10 ppm of NO2 at 150 °C [13]. On the other hand, a room-temperature-operated gas sensor based on H-terminated diamond films showed a long response time and recovery time towards nitrogen dioxide [24

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• -based structures under test are stable up to 50000 measurements. This indicates their potential for reusable dry adhesives. The insert in panel (b) shows an SEM image of an array with CNFs after 50000 approach-and-retraction cycles. Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to thank Sharali Malik for the Raman

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• shown in Figure 2. It is a parallel array of superconducting loops composed of Josephson junctions (shown by crosses) and superconducting inductances. This structure is called the Josephson transmission line (JTL). SFQ can be transferred along this JTL by successive switchings of Josephson junctions

• correspond to a different magnetic flux in the loop (with currents circulating in the loop in the opposite directions if φ ≠ 2πn, where n is an integer). A logical state transfer can be performed in an array of magnetically coupled parametric quantrons biased into the working point φe = π. Current pulses Ie

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• minutes. The electron dose was calibrated by means of a mobile Faraday cup built for the sample stage of the analysis chamber. The electron current between the flood gun and the cup was measured for an array of lateral positions. As a result, one minute of electron irradiation at a beam energy of 50 eV

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• set of Au NPs was deposited by FEBID (see Figure 4a). We should note that the composition of each NP in this set may slightly differ from the previously discussed stand-alone NPs, since proximity effects are known to come into play when a dense array of FEBID structures is deposited [77][78][79

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• FDTD simulations were used to model the normal incidence transmission spectra in air and water and the electromagnetic field distribution for full-3D PCs. The unit cell geometry was defined as an infinite square array of nanostructured holes on a metal film that are parallel to the x–y plane with a

• on both sides of the z-grid to avoid artificial reflection errors from the domain boundaries. Appropriate periodic boundary conditions were used to define the square array. The frequency-dependent Au22 and Ag46 permittivities are described by the Drude–Lorentzian model over a wavelength range of 355

• -phase analytes. Additionally, local electromagnetic hotspots and fano resonances generated at the surface are much more accessible by design in photonic crystal systems due to the intrinsically controllable geometry of the array openings. In contrast, the interaction of nanoparticles can be used to

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• reports the incubation data. The fluorescent images clearly show the different propensity of the peptides under investigation to bind to the full-length Aβ40. Bright Cy3-Aβ40 spots were detected in the KLVFF spot array (Figure 3A) and black spots were measured on Semax (Figure 3B). In order to emphasize

• assessments. In accordance with the previous work [24], the positive binding interaction between the KLVFF spots and the Cy3-Aβ40 solution occurs, giving rise to the appearance of bright amyloid spots for the KLVFF spot array. Conversely, for the Semax peptide, the formation of black spots , was observed

• site. The peptide array is represented by blue dots. Supporting Information Supporting Information includes additional data relative to the characterization of material surface, quantitative evaluations, and a study of a possible interaction between the anchored-amyloid and amyloid-target. Supporting

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• electron beam irradiation, with non-volatile product species being incorporated into the growing deposit. The size and shape of the nanostructure are controlled by manipulation of the electron beam (focusing ability and patterning capabilities), which allows an almost unlimited array of three-dimensional

• , pore-free array of Pt atoms in which the original shape of the deposit was retained with little morphological change. Shawrav et al. [23] demonstrated the effectiveness of water in the purification of Au nanostructures. The single-step fabrication of highly pure Au nanostructures (≈91 atom % Au) from

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• the extent of the proximity effect. The proximity effect is usually observed as a variation of dot diameters within an array of deposited dots, depending on the order in which they are deposited. Dots were deposited from DCSCH and SCH in two different geometries. In Figure 7a, a schematic is shown for

• expected to have almost the same diameter after deposition. In Figure 7b, a different arrangement is shown in which dots are deposited in a square array. The blue filled circles represent the pillars with no additional broadening and the numbers in the blue filled circles indicate the order of pillar

• using SCH, as shown in Figure 9b. The upper set of pillars in Figure 9b was deposited with a beam exposure time of 2 s, and the distance between neighbouring pillars is 15 nm. The square array of pillars in the lower panel was deposited with a beam exposure time of 4 s, and the distance between

Numerical investigation of the tribological performance of micro-dimple textured surfaces under hydrodynamic lubrication

• Kangmei Li,
• Dalei Jing,
• Jun Hu,
• Xiaohong Ding and
• Zhenqiang Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2324–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.232

• controlling the tribological behavior of friction pairs used in mechanical and biological engineering. In this study, by utilizing the method of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the lubrication model of a friction pair with micro-dimple array was established based on the Navier

• simulation; hydrodynamic lubrication; micro-dimple array; surface texture; tribological performance; Introduction The wear caused by friction is considered to be the main reason for the failure of mechanical systems and the major source of energy loss [1]. Various methods have been developed to reduce

• array, however, the commonly used two-dimensional CFD technique is not able to simulate the lubrication behavior accurately. Therefore, the three-dimensional CFD method was proposed. Han et al. [27] studied the tribological characteristics of the micro-dimple array by using a three-dimensional CFD

Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates

• Jingran Zhang,
• Yongda Yan,
• Peng Miao and
• Jianxiong Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2271–2282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.227

• rhodamine 6G (R6G) were detected as test analytes [17]. The micro/nanostructures of a blue butterfly wing were used as a template, and a SERS substrate was produced and utilized to detect rhodamine dye for the elimination of organic pollutants [19]. Additionally, pyramidal array structures on conventional

• ] were also produced by a lithography-based method and reproducible plastic substrates were machined using different nanoimprinting methods [26]. For example, Courvoisier et al. [4] designed and fabricated an accurate inverted array of squares as a template on a silicon wafer via EBL and wet etching

• arrayed pyramids on the Cu(110) surface with fx = 2 μm and fy = 1 μm. Compared to Figure 3a, smaller arrayed pyramids are formed with fx = 2 μm and fy = 1 μm and the depth of adjacent pyramids is 283 nm. Figure 4 shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a 500 × 500 μm2 array on a Cu(110

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• -of-plane dimension of the NPs, Dz, is comparable to the thickness of the metallic layer dmetal. In other words, each metallic layer comprises only a 2D array of NPs. In the ML12m8 sample, on the other hand, the ratio dmetal/Dz is about four, and therefore short-range ordering is still possible in all

Ester formation at the liquid–solid interface

• Nguyen T. N. Ha,
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar,
• Nguyen D. C. Yen,
• Carola Mende,
• Lars Smykalla,
• Maik Schlesinger,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Michael Mehring and
• Michael Hietschold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2139–2150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.213

• /bjnano.8.213 Abstract A chemical reaction (esterification) within a molecular monolayer at the liquid–solid interface without any catalyst was studied using ambient scanning tunneling microscopy. The monolayer consisted of a regular array of two species, an organic acid (trimesic acid) and an alcohol

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• 1.5 mm, the substrate can be regarded plain (). The reflected light is diffracted by a diffraction grating and recorded by a photodiode array. By relating the recorded spectrum of the coated substrate to a previously recorded spectrum of the pure substrate, a background-corrected signal is accessible

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• HR 800 UV LabRam Raman microscope. For the Raman measurements, the samples were deposited directly on a silicon wafer and excited with a built-in 632 nm laser. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy Absorption spectra were recorded on an Agilent Cary 8454 UV–vis diode array spectrophotometer

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• triangular facets result from the orientation of Au(111) on mica [54]. The surface coverage of the Au–Me thin film measured 79% for an array of nanopores with 500 nm periodicity. A hexagonal arrangement of seven nanopores within the film is shown in closer detail in Figure 1b. The edges of the nanopores are

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• MR imaging and T1-weighted contrast enhancement. A series of aqueous solutions of UCNPs were placed in an array of 2.0 mL Eppendorf tubes with the order of UCNP concentrations and deionized water (0 mg/mL) was used as the reference. The parameters for T1-weighted MR imaging sequence was set as

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• –sample bias of −0.5 V, and a 5 pA setpoint. This image is a large array of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone rows, with the Au(111) herringbone visible underneath. The inset is the 2D Fourier transform of the image, and the red overlay shows the periodicity obtained from the 2D FFT. a) A 250 Å × 212 Å STM

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• using voltages between 1.5 and 2 V while higher voltages also switch neighboring molecules. In addition, states 1 and 2 are part of a large and highly ordered self-assembled array and it is possible to read-out the conductance at a specified position, and thus state 1 or 2, in a non-manipulative manner

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

• Germán Prieto,
• Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
• Walter R. Tuckart and
• Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

• radius of ca. 100 nm. Penetration depths of 50, 100, and 200 nm were set. A 3 × 4 array of indentations was performed in the specimens at each penetration depth, spaced at 20 μm from each other. The significance of the obtained results was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the statistical

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Christine Cheng and
• Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

• used to deposit functional polymer coatings [21][22]. In the iCVD process, monomer and tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO) initiator are introduced in the vapor phase to a reactor chamber under vacuum, whereupon the initiator is thermally cleaved by a heated filament array. Monomer and initiator radicals adsorb

• (Figure 2a). Variations in contact angle measurements at the top and bottom of the pieces and among different pieces can be attributed to slight variations in geometry during the printing process. During deposition, the top side was closer to the heated filament array and the bottom side was placed on a

• expect different temperatures at the top and bottom of the 3D-printed objects due to the heat from the filament array. To systematically study this effect, we studied depositions at stage temperatures of 15 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C (Table 1). For these stage temperatures, the temperature at the bottom of a

Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation

• Daichi Morioka,
• Tomohiro Nose,
• Taiki Chikuta,
• Kazutaka Mitsuishi and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1523–1529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.153

• -1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.8.153 Abstract For applications such as the fabrication of plasmonic waveguides we developed a patterning technique to fabricate an array of nanoparticles on a substrate using focused electron beams (Noriki, T.; Abe, S.;.Kajikawa, K.; Shimojo, M

• -scattering leads to an increase in line width and thus reduces the resolution of this patterning technique. Keywords: accelerating voltage; electron beam; gold; Monte Carlo simulation; nanoparticle array; Introduction Techniques to fabricate assemblies or arrays of nanostructures on a desired area have

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• . The MRI examinations took place within the following hour. All measurements were performed at a 1.5 T system (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens) in combination with a 4 + 4 channel multifunctional coil array (NORAS MRI products). The relaxation time constant T1 was obtained through a segmented 2D