Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• ωm, quality factor Qm, and spring constant k of the cantilever. These trade-offs affect the transduction efficiency and force sensitivity. Although a large single-photon coupling rate g0 is desirable, we prioritize a cavity that we can pump to large intra-cavity photon numbers while maintaining

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• topography accurately. In contrast to the blind reconstruction algorithm, when using sharp structures to characterize the tip topography, the tip morphology is mainly reflected in the sharp feature structures on the sample. Figure 2 illustrates the modeling process. To enhance accuracy and efficiency of

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• , this improved algorithm addresses computational efficiency concerns and more accurately represents long-term scenarios during protein corona formation. As shown in the Figure, these algorithmic improvements have a profound impact on the mass concentration of milk proteins on metallic surfaces

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• tumor treatment [27], and PLGA-chlorambucil nanoparticles have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer [28]. Due to the efficiency of CHL in cancer treatment, CHL has been used as a drug model in order to evaluate our formulated NPs. Therefore, in this study, we propose to develop a carrier

• purification and freeze-drying. The results showed that there was approx. 0.5% of CHL in the NPs (Table 2). The encapsulation efficiency of the single emulsion was approx. 5%. However, it was reported that the encapsulation efficiency could be increased up to 92% using the double emulsion method [28] or to 70

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36–1.45% compared to those without quantum dots. Keywords: efficiency; luminescence

• [39][40]. One of the main existing challenges in synthesizing QDs is to increase their photoluminescence efficiency while simultaneously shifting the photoluminescence maximum to longer wavelengths. Initial applications focused on OLEDs. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are luminescent inorganic nanostructures

• -transport and smoothing layer. Concerning the postulated use of nanorods as acceptors, weight ratios in the active layer of P3HT:PCB71M:QD of 2:1:1 were used so that the weight ratio of donor:acceptors is 1:1. The device efficiency achieved in the simulations in both architectures was increased relative to

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• efficiency. In this paper, we want to deepen the study of other key points, such as the reuse and stability of these nanofibres, in order to assess their profitability. On the one hand, the reusability of nanofibres has been studied using different stripping treatments at different pH values on the nylon

• ability for a longer time than the specialised planar surface. In conclusion, nylon nanofibres seem to be a very good choice as an antibody immobilisation surface, offering not only higher immunocapture efficiency, but also more cost efficiency as they are reusable and stable. Keywords: biosensor

• applications, such as the immobilisation of enzymes and microorganisms [12][13], and the immobilisation of antibody in enzyme immunoassays [14]. Nylon 6 (or polyamide 6, PA6) nanofibers (NFs) have been used as an immobilisation surface in biosensors [15]. Efficiency studies of nanofibres manufactured by

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• release from the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds was investigated in relation to their chemical characteristics, BBR dispersion into nanofibers, and wettability. The BBR release profiles strongly influenced the antibacterial efficiency of the scaffolds over time. When the BBR was loaded, the

• in the nanofiber matrix, which could allow the gradual diffusion of BBR inside the nanofibers to the aqueous medium. Antibacterial performance of BBR-loaded nanofiber scaffolds To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of BBR-loaded nanofiber scaffolds in the relationship with their BBR release

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• the morphology also facilitates the penetration by the electrolyte, the diffusion of ions to electroactive sites, and the rapid release of the reaction, thus promoting the kinetics of the reaction and achieving higher efficiency of the catalyst built into the 3D structure [19]. The hydrogel matrix

• porous structure is capable of swelling and thus accommodating large amounts of ionic liquids. Moreover, the swollen hydrogel structure provides constant access of electrolyte molecules/ions to the catalyst particles, increasing the speed and efficiency of the electrochemical reaction [20]. The swelling

• to electroactive sites, and the rapid release of the reaction, thus promoting the kinetics of the reaction and achieving higher efficiency of the catalyst built into the hydrogel structure [19][21]. The condition which must be met for hydrogels to be used in energy conversion systems is their

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• , lipid nanoparticles, nano- and microemulsions, liposomes, or metallic nanoparticles [68]. Costa-Lima and colleagues incorporated bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaaminooctane (BNIPDaoct) into PLGA polymeric nanoparticles and obtained particles with sizes around 150 nm, with encapsulation efficiency around 90

• , PdI <0.2, zeta potential of + 35 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 92%. Curcumin-entrapped nanoliposomes showed leishmanicidal activity (in vitro) against the promastigotes of Leishmania major, whose IC50 values were 6.41, 3.80, and 2.33 μg/mL for the incubation times of 24, 48, and 72 h

• mannose-conjugated curcumin–chitosan nanoparticles (curc-MCNPs) intended for visceral leishmaniasis [50]. The selected nanoparticles (curc-MCNPs) presented spherical morphology, hydrodynamic mean particle size of 215 nm, PdI of 0.381, zeta potential of +24.37 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. Curc

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• dichroic receiving systems, one should overcome the limitation of a silicon substrate, whose thickness affects the efficiency of detection as a refractive medium. In the case of close frequencies, however, one can find a compromise of matching the average frequency of both arrays with reasonable detection

• efficiency. As a direct radiation detector, we consider using the cold-electron bolometer (CEB) concept [11][12]. These bolometers have high sensitivity with background-limited operation [13][14][15], a broad operating frequency range, as well as immunity to spurious cosmic rays [16]. Since CEB sizes are of

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• . Plant-derived drugs After PZQ, most of the works in the literature involved plant-derived compounds. Guimarães et al. [56] tested the efficiency of epiisopiloturine in vitro and the best way to extract this molecule from leaves. Epiisopiloturine is an imidazole alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves

• schistosomiasis treatment. Araújo et al. [76] developed a cationic nanoemulsion to increase solubility. This nanoemulsion increases efficiency in vitro, causing the death of female worms within three hours, alterations in tegument within 48 hours, and reduced male worm motility. A hypothesis suggested by the

• mice even in high concentrations (27 mg Sb/kg). Although the mortality was reduced, drug efficiency remains unaltered, especially when the nanoformulation was intraperitoneally administered [78]. However, it is known that oral route adhesion is better than the others tested in this work

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• , but the penetration of liposomes into the cell was not proved [25]. In general, organic nanocarriers are often reported to penetrate mammalian cells infected by bacteria, improving the drug accumulation in these eukaryotic cells and increasing the antibacterial efficiency of the drug [3][4][9][26

• . Compared to the quantum yields of FITC, RhBITC, and DAPI bound to DNA, which are in the range of 40–90% at room temperature [31][32][34], Ox-BSA/PDA NPs reveal low emission efficiency. However, even if the quantum yield of Ox-BSA/PDA NPs is low, it is significantly higher than the quantum yield of non

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• method’s efficiency in advancing the understanding of many processes in materials sciences and industrial developments. Despite the widely experienced difficulties, no universal solution to ensure the calibration and traceability of C-AFM measurements has been proposed in the literature. So far, only

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro

• (CUR-HSA-MPs) is shown in Figure 1. At first, MnCO3-HSA-MPs were obtained by co-precipitation for the entrapment of HSA. The entrapment efficiency (%EE) of HSA was between 55% and 62% (i.e., the absolute amounts of entrapped HSA in HSA-MPs were up to 31.3 ± 1.8 mg). CUR was then adsorbed onto the MnCO3

• -MPs play an important role regarding amount and efficiency of CUR loading. Here, we investigated the influence of the amount of CUR on the %EE. The results are shown in Figure 4A. MnCO3-HSA-MPs dispersed in 2 mg/mL of CUR solution displayed the maximum values of EE% and absolute amount of entrapped

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• millikelvin temperatures with zeptojoule energy efficiency [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, the basic cells of adiabatic superconducting circuits can be used as a part of neuromorphic co-processors [18][19][20][21][22][23] working in conjunction with quantum computing systems [24][25][26][27][28][29

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• thereof. As one example, the time-dependent AFM technique in contact mode can be implemented to measure energy conversion efficiency by pressing the AFM tip with a defined counter force against the motion of the system. This allows us to calculate the work that the system is performing against the counter

• force and with knowledge of the input energy (e.g., absorbed light) the energy conversion efficiency can be determined. (a) Schematic illustrating the connection diagram of sideband KPFM measuring the piezo/photodiode device under modulated illumination. The top view of the device is shown where the

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• various important photothermal materials and their classification along with their working principle. Then, we highlight important aspects of the nanoscale architecture (i.e., size, shape, and composition) to enable maximum light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Finally, we discuss some of the recent

• architecture of the gold nanoparticles, their plasmonic absorption can be tuned from the visible to the NIR region. Among the different structures of gold, gold nanorods are commonly used as photothermal agents because of the tuneable aspect ratio, anisotropic architecture, and high photoconversion efficiency

• and tungsten oxide generate heat with maximum conversion efficiency. Chen et al. reported that PEGylated W18O49 nanowires are able to enhance the absorption of light in the NIR range when irradiated with a 980 nm laser with an increase in temperature up to 40 °C within a short period of time [41

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• representing the ratio of the density of neutral precursors, must then be weighted with the (yet unknown) electron attachment cross sections to compare the experimentally measured ratio between CoL2− anions and MnL2− anions, via Nion = ε·Ne·Nneutral·σion·L, where ε is the ion detection efficiency, Ne and

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• microcircuits through the introduction of P donors by diffusion doping of wafers with an efficiency comparable to monolayer doping [18] or ion implantation [19]. This paper outlines the successful formation of the cubic Si3P4 phase under mild conditions. The technique developed for this investigation requires

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• linkers have been examined for CO2 capture. For instance, Shimizu et al. used 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolate as a linker to create Zn-based MOF nanomaterials, yielding a high efficiency in CO2 storage [29]. The result was attributed to the favorable interaction between CO2 and NH2 groups. Likewise, Panda

• enhances the efficiency of the cavity space. To exemplify this, Zhao et al. used a 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine linker to split the pores of MIL-88, as shown in Figure 3 [34]. Consequently, a substantial CO2 adsorption capacity of 5.6 mmol·g−1 was recorded at 273 K and 1 bar, comparable to that of

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• datasets with great efficiency [27]. It can be regarded as a dimensionality reduction method since it analyzes large input data and finds all important variables. While handling RF datasets, the model emphasizes the importance of parameters, which is a highly helpful aspect [28]. Adaptive boosting

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• chemotherapeutics specifically to the targeted cancer cells. ACNPs combine the benefits of NPs and mAbs to provide high drug loads at the tumor site with better selectivity and delivery efficiency. The mAbs on the NP surfaces recognize their specific receptors expressed on the target cells and release the

• specifically to the target site and inhibit the cancer progression. Nanoparticle surface decoration strategies Surface functionalization of NPs through conjugation of functional groups with biomolecules is one method to enhance the targeting efficiency (Figure 2b). For effective antibody functionalization, the

• groups of the antibodies (Figure 4a) [35][47]. Neither N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) nor its water-soluble analogue (sulfo-NHS) are required for the single-step carbodiimide reaction. However, NHS or sulfo-NHS are generally added to produce dry-stable intermediates, which improves the conjugation efficiency

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• carbon pastes, which serve as cathodes for CO2RR. To illustrate, Kornienko et al. deposited a Co-based MOF material onto an FTO substrate as a working electrode for CO2 conversion [40]. This material exhibited good performance in CO generation, achieving a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 76% (at −0.7 V vs

• nature, and high efficiency. Therefore, considerable interest has been directed towards exploring the potential of Zn-based MOFs in CO2RR applications. Wang and co-workers successfully prepared ZIF-8 from different metal salts for CO2RR [42]. ZIF-8 derived from ZnSO4 yielded the best performance for the

• . Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 10, Issue 11, © 2022); permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0.”. (a) Graphic representation of the synthesis of 2D Ni(Im)2, (b) Faradaic efficiency of 2D Ni(Im)2 with various thicknesses, (c) TOF of 2D Ni(Im)2-5 nm and

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedles may become personalized according to a patient’s demographic in order to increase drug delivery efficiency and reduce healing times for patient-centric care. Keywords: 3D printing; microfabrication; microneedles; personalized medicine; transdermal drug delivery; two-photon polymerization

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• , and therefore the surface is multifunctional. In the paper “Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert”, Filippov et al. [20] present a numerical modelling approach to understand the influence of different parameters on the feeding efficiency of

• solution for a technical problem that has not been solved for a long time. In other cases, the biological systems, and therefore their related biomimetic solutions, often show a much higher efficiency than the majority of all previous non-biomimetic engineering solutions. The diversity of biomimetic