Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• ] manufactured graphene/Au nanodot array structures, which were used as SERS substrates. The diameter and gap distribution ranged from 30 to 42 nm and from 20 to 30 nm, respectively. In addition, a detection level of 10−9 mol·L−1 for R6G molecules was obtained using the aforementioned SERS substrates. Choi et al

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• form on its surface. Consequently, both 16 nm and 29 nm NPs have a similar active surface size and the degradation percentage of MP is similar between 16 nm Cu2O (87%) and 29 nm Cu2O (83%). In order to avoid oxidation of Cu2O NPs, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be used as a support [54]. Finally, XPS

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• networks [38], wires of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [39], and graphene patches [40][41] were also performed on hBN/Cu(111). However, advanced supramolecular architectures, such as organic porous networks, have not been reported on either hBN/Cu(111) or other metal-supported hBN monolayers so far, in

• contrast to graphene [42][43][44] or bulk hBN [14][45][46]. Pyrene derivatives are excellent candidates to study the interplay of functionalization and supramolecular organization as the planar polycyclic aromatic core provides an extended π-system that can be readily substituted at distinct positions [47

• anchor for noncovalent functionalization, e.g., to develop graphene platforms to be used in sensing applications [65][66][67] and to employ hBN monolayers for capturing aromatic organic pollutants [68]. On bulk insulators, it was, for instance, demonstrated how the optical properties of an adsorbed

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• et al. produced coated sheets of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which formed a composite compound containing ZnO [24][25]. One method that facilitates the large-scale production of nanoparticles is the MCP technique. This method is based on a chemical exchange reaction that occurs due to the heat and

• nm were synthesized [42]. The chemical vapor deposition method is a technique in which the substrate is exposed to one or more volatile precursors, which react to and/or decompose on the substrate surface to produce the desired thin film deposit. For example, Zhao et al. [44] obtained graphene

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• the C-matrix and the Pt-NPs during the process. The carbon support consists of carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are vertically aligned, multilayer graphene nanosheets [18][19]. The morphology of the CNWs, the amount of platinum loading as well as the size of the platinum NPs can be precisely adjusted

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• -free humidity sensors by using biocompatible collagen nanofibrils [43]. More recently, Zhang et al. developed a TENG-driven self-powered flexible humidity sensor based on a tin disulfide nanoflower/reduced graphene oxide (SnS2/rGO) hybrid nanomaterial [44]. However, the large-scale application of TENGs

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• in MoS2 [11], as well as enhanced out-of-plane charge transfer in 2D graphene/WSe2 heterostructures [12]. Energetic light ions are known to preferentially sputter chalcogen atoms from TMDs while retaining an adequate micrometer-scale structural integrity for irradiation doses up to approx. 1016 ions

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• Jianyuan Yu Yingeng Wang Yan Huang Xiuwen Wang Jing Guo Jingkai Yang Hongli Zhao College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China Graphene Application

• length and charge of the crystal structure with a non-metal atom replacing an O atom. Binding energy of SnO2 with an O atom substituted by a non-metal element. Acknowledgements The numerical calculations in this paper have been carried out at the computing system of the Graphene Application Technology

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• formed at the solution–solid interface, is a more of routine occurrence than an exception. Such structurally diverse monolayers are typically formed on solid substrates such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphene, and metals such as Cu, Ag and Au and have been characterized using scanning

• . Alkane buffer layers have been employed as efficient electronic decoupling platforms for studying the intrinsic electronic properties of graphene and fullerenes [38]. Apart from alkane derivatives, inorganic systems such as chemisorbed iodine layers [34][35][36][37], and ultrathin layers of KCl [39

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• Yi Wang Yanhua Song Chengwei Ye Lan Xu National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China 10.3762/bjnano.11.112 Abstract Ordered carbon/graphene composite nanofibers (CGCNFs) with different porous

• configurations were used as a material to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes. These nanofibers were synthesized by applying a modified parallel electrode to the electrospinning method (MPEM) in order to generate electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers containing graphene. After synthesis, these fibers

• surface area of CGCNFs, thereby significantly increasing their specific capacitance. In addition, the ordering of CGCNFs within the electrode improved the electron transfer efficiency, resulting in a higher specific capacitance. Keywords: carbon/graphene composite nanofibers; carbonization

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• graphene oxide (RGO)-based sensor and a microfluidic platform fabricated by [25][26][27] can be used with some surface modification for HMIs, but it is mostly capable of detecting in the micromolar range. A polymer-based microcantilever using an encapsulated piezoresistor has been proposed by Kale et al

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• percent. Keywords: critical temperature; electron–phonon interaction; Li-hBN bilayer; Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride (Li-hBN); nonadiabatic superconductivity; vertex corrections; Introduction Low-dimensional systems such as graphene [1][2][3][4][5], silicene [6], borophene [7][8], and

• phosphorene [9][10][11] are mechanically stable only when placed on a substrate [12][13][14]. The substrate should be selected so that it changes the physical properties of the low-dimensional system as little as possible. In the case of graphene, the following substrate materials were used: Co [15], Ni [16

• ][17][18][19], Ru [20][21], Pt [22][23], SiC [24][25][26], and SiO2 [27][28][29]. Unfortunately, the obtained experimental data showed that the incompatible crystalline structure of the above materials leads to significant suppression of the carrier mobility of graphene [13][30]. It is now assumed that

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• through different ways such as the usage of wide-band-gap insulator thin films (e.g., oxides, alkali halides) [3][4], a molecular spacer layer [5][6], or sp2-hybridized two-dimensional interlayers (e.g., graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)) [7][8]. The advantageous properties of an h-BN monolayer

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• Karl Rothe Alexander Mehler Nicolas Neel Jorg Kroger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.100 Abstract Rubrene (C42H28) was adsorbed with submonolayer coverage on Pt(111), Au(111), and graphene-covered Pt(111). Adsorption phases and

• vibronic properties of C42H28 consistently reflect the progressive reduction of the molecule–substrate hybridization. Separate C42H28 clusters are observed on Pt(111) as well as broad molecular resonances. On Au(111) and graphene-covered Pt(111) compact molecular islands with similar unit cells of the

• superstructure characterize the adsorption phase. The highest occupied molecular orbital of C42H28 on Au(111) exhibits weak vibronic progression while unoccupied molecular resonances appear with a broad line shape. In contrast, vibronic subbands are present for both frontier orbitals of C42H28 on graphene. They

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• . In 2018, an interesting approach demonstrated that a paper surface functionalized with gold nanoparticles conjugated with graphene oxide showed NIR laser-triggered photothermal ablation of pathogenic bacteria [64]. Upon NIR light exposure, the fabricated paper generated a temperature increase of over

• nanohole arrays with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets in a unique and flexible polyimide film for laser-gated pathogen inactivation. For the in vivo experiments, the patch was irradiated for 5 min with an LED array (940 nm, 10 W) and the patch surface temperature increased to 52 °C. These tests indicated

• in 77% planktonic P. aeruginosa cell death. In addition, polyurethane nanocomposites containing the same hybrid nanomaterials were also able to eliminate all the surface-grafted P. aeruginosa cells under NIR light irradiation. Reduced graphene oxide, which is characterized by a broad absorption

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• PEG and adsorbed on reduced graphene oxide sheets, which enhanced the thermal effect of hyperthermia and reduced the viability of breast cancer cells to less than 25% by reaching 43 °C [152]. Also, Zuvin et al. used 4–5 nm SPIONs conjugated with poly(acrylic acid) and anti-HER2 antibody against breast

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• decouple such flat-lying molecules from a metal, thin insulating layers have been engineered, ranging from ionic salts [15][16], over oxides [17][18][19], nitrides [20], and molecular layers [21][22] to 2D materials, such as graphene [23][24], and hexagonal boron nitride [25]. The most recent development

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• the global health care sector. There is an urgent need to develop noninvasive, nontoxic, and new antinosocomial approaches that work more effectively and faster than current antibiotics. In this work, we report on a biocompatible hybrid nanomaterial composed of few-layer graphene and chlorin e6 (FLG

• ; few-layer graphene (FLG); hybrid nanomaterial; photodynamic therapy (PDT); photosensitizer; Introduction The frequency of fungal infections has notably increased in the last decades; for instance, Candida albicans is now reported as the fourth cause of nosocomial septicemia in the United States [1

• biological applications, such as biosensors, protein detection, bioimaging and drug delivery [17][18]. In recent years, graphene nanoparticles have been used in many different applications ranging from enhanced spectroscopy techniques, coatings, polymeric composites, sensors, drug delivery systems and others

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• Abstract Recent experiments suggest graphene-based materials as candidates in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we propose to investigate new photodetectors based on graphene nanomeshes (GNMs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to gain insight into

• GNMs have both metallic and semiconducting properties depending on the arrangements of perforations. Also, absorption spectrum analysis indicates attractive infrared peaks for GNMs with semiconducting characteristics, making them better photodetectors than graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-based alternatives

• . The results suggest that GNMs can be potentially used in mid-infrared detectors with specific detectivity values that are 100-fold that of graphene-based devices and 1000-fold that of GNR-based devices. Hence, the special properties of graphene combined with the quantum feathers of the perforation

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• nanoparticles of Cu and Ni and one-dimensional nanorods of CuS, ZnF2, and NiF2 protected with fluorinated amorphous carbon. We have also synthesized reduced graphene oxide and partially rolled graphene by this method. Keywords: electric discharges; microwave synthesis; nanomaterials; transmission electron

• graphene oxide and graphene without using any solvents or additional surfactants. Results and Discussion Smooth surfaces on commercially available metal particles do not create arcs under microwave irradiation. Instead, they heat up or reflects the microwaves. Thus, activating metal surfaces by acid

• . However, the choice of graphite or g-C3N4 has shown little to no difference in the synthesis of nanoparticles. We have also studied exfoliation of graphite and graphite oxide (GO) under microwave irradiation in the presence of Zn metal. We have observed exfoliation of graphite into few-layered graphene

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• decreasing diameter, but to a lesser extent. The obtained values of responsivity and detectivity are comparable with those previously reported for a graphene/GaAs NW photodetector with a Schottky junction working at 532 nm radiation [33]. The detectivity of our photodetector is better than that reported for

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• was obtained above a single-layer graphene flake. The figure shows the influence of the three sample properties on the shape of the parabola and gives an overview of the different components of the frequency shift Δf. Traditional closed-loop controllers for KFM use lock-in techniques to measure the

• were steady, both switches were closed. Note that the topography setpoint should be adjusted before closing S1 because Δftopo ≥ Δfmean as illustrated in Figure 1. Results and Discussion The performance of the TD-KFM controller is demonstrated on multilayer graphene samples. The samples were obtained by

• the electrostatic potential above the graphene flake and the SiO2 substrate. The patterns observable on the graphene flake are most likely caused by water droplets, which have formed due to the ambient conditions [34][35]. Small changes in the patterns were observed between two different scans

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India 10.3762/bjnano.11.66 Abstract The influence of single-layer graphene on top of a SiO2/Si surface on the orientation of nonplanar lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) molecules is studied using two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The studies

• indicate the formation of a mixture of polymorphs, i.e., monoclinic and triclinic forms of PbPc with face-on (lying down) and edge-on (standing up) PbPc orientations, respectively. The formation of monoclinic fractions is attributed to the presence of the graphene layer directing the π interactions between

• the highly delocalized macrocycles. The competing interfacial van der Waals forces and molecule–molecule interactions lead to the formation of a small fraction of triclinic moieties. The nanoscale electrical characterization of the thin PbPc layer on graphene by means of conducting atomic force

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• electronic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices in the future. Keywords: phonon concentration; phonon lifetime; Raman spectroscopy; thermal coefficients; Tungsten diselenide; two-dimensional material; Introduction Since the discovery of graphene, atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials have

• drawn intense attention due to their unique physical properties [1][2]. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials beyond graphene, such as transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) [3], black phosphorus (BP) [4], and other families of layered materials [5], can be mechanically exfoliated or, in some cases

• , grown from bottom-up processes akin to graphene. While graphene is comprised of a single element on the periodic table, i.e., carbon, TMDCs are binary compounds which makes their lattice dynamics more complex compared to multilayer (ML) graphene [6]. The symmetry, force constants, and frequency

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• ][11][12][13]. The performance of the nickel catalysts could be further enhanced via modifications, such as the usage of carbon supports including N-doped graphene [14], active carbon [15], graphene oxide [16][17], carbon nanotubes [12][18] and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) [19][20]. CTFs are

• layers (25.2 wt %), Ni encapsulated within single-layer graphene (32.8 wt %), but higher than that of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (14.5 wt %), and much lower than those of with N-doped carbon shells coated face-centered cubic (fcc) or hexagonal closed packed (hcp) nickel

• than N-doped carbon sheets requiring 0.41 V vs RHE [58] and better performance than nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanotube hybrids requiring an overpotential of 0.4 V vs RHE at 10 mA/cm2 [59]. In comparison with the literature, CTF-1-600 and Ni/CTF-1-600-22 appear to be highly active OER