PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• the coefficient of thermal expansion, and β is the Debye temperature), increasing temperature leads to the decease of the band gap. This phenomenon makes it easy for the charge carriers (electrons and/or holes) to be activated and to move to a low energy state in comparison with the charge carriers at

• low temperatures. The recombination of the charge carriers at a low energy state leads to the emission of light with at a longer wavelength than that at a high energy state, which results in red shift as shown in Figure 5. Such behavior is in accord with the PL behavior of most semiconductors [38][39

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction [14]. In 2011, metal carbonyls in dispersion with TRGO and ionic liquid (IL) were exposed to short low-energy microwave irradiation. The resulting Ru@TRGO and Rh@TRGO particles had high catalytic hydrogenation activity [12]. Metallic nanoparticles on graphene have

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• )) is initiated by low energy secondary electrons produced as a result of the interaction of the primary beam with the substrate. The ability of electrons to purify PtCl2 deposits by such an electron-stimulated process is also supported by the Hess cycle in Scheme 1 [52][53]. These calculations are

• same order of magnitude as the escape depth of the Auger electrons (inelastic mean free path = 1–2 nm [51][54]). However, Cl− ions are almost certainly being produced by low energy secondary electrons, which are themselves being generated at significantly greater depths within the deposit (the depth of

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• attachment; dissociative ionization; electron beam induced deposition; low-energy electrons; silacyclohexane; Introduction Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) [1][2] is a 3-D direct writing method suitable for the fabrication of nanostructures, even on non-planar surfaces. This approach is in

• low-energy electrons under single-collision conditions, it was shown that while appreciable decomposition of DCSCH was affected through DEA, SCH was inert with regards to this process. Dissociative ionisation, on the other hand, leads to similar fragmentation of both these molecules. For reference

• conducted the first EBID experiments with DCSCH and SCH, and we discuss these in the context of potential effects on the growth dynamics through the very different sensitivity of these molecules towards electrons of very low energy (<10 eV). Furthermore, both molecules are potential precursors for the

Dissociative electron attachment to coordination complexes of chromium: chromium(0) hexacarbonyl and benzene-chromium(0) tricarbonyl

• Janina Kopyra,
• Paulina Maciejewska and
• Jelena Maljković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2257–2263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.225

• formation. However, the primary electron (PE) beam striking the substrate gives rise to a large amount of back-scattered electrons (BSEs) and secondary electrons (SEs) [6][7][8]. It is nowadays very well known that these low energy electrons (<100 eV) may induce fragmentation of the adsorbed precursor

• primary beam. To date there have been several papers devoted to the studies of the interaction of low energy electrons with gas-phase organometallic complexes. Particular attention has been paid to the compounds containing monodentate (e.g., carbonyl [12][13][14], trifluorophosphine [11][15], chloride [16

• impact of low-energy electrons on gas-phase chromium(0) hexacarbonyl (Cr(CO)6) and benzene-chromium(0) tricarbonyl ((η6-C6H6)Cr(CO)3) has been investigated. Measurements have been taken as a function of incident electron energy in the energy range between 0–12 eV. In this energy range, it is very well

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)₆ by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

• Mónica Mendes,
• Khrystyna Regeta,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
• Nykola C. Jones,
• Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
• Gustavo García,
• Chantal Daniel and
• Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

• initio molecular dynamics simulations of focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) precursor molecules adsorbed on fully and partially hydroxylated SiO2 surfaces [24]. Electron-induced reactions in FEBID processes are initiated by low-energy secondary electrons rather than the high-energy primary

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)₅ upon clustering

• Jozef Lengyel,
• Peter Papp,
• Štefan Matejčík,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Michal Fárník and
• Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

• [12][13]. The environment can thus both enhance and suppress the low-energy DEA reactions and it is difficult to assess its effect a priori. Clusters represent an ideal tool for studying the effect of an environment since they allow for using the same experimental approach as the gas phase studies

• of the CLUSTER setup (lack of low-energy electrons in the incident beam). The SF6− signal from SF6 peaks at electron energies 0.65 eV lower than Fe(CO)4− from iron pentacarbonyl clusters. Figure 3 shows the yields of anions where the dominant fragment Fe(CO)4− is bound to intact monomeric units [Fe

• (CO)5]m·Fe(CO)4−, m = 1….4. The high resolution CLUSTER data for pure Fe(CO)5 clusters show that the low-energy peaks have maxima around 0.65 eV, similar as Fe(CO)4− in Figure 2. The lower resolution CLUB data agree very well and provide the ion yields also for very weak fragments. Finally, we show

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• combined with the strong acceptor molecule F4TCNQ. In general all of the fabricated heterostructures revealed new low-energy optical excitations originating from hybrid states. These states are of special importance for the transport characteristics of the hybrid materials. In contrast to other organic

• only include a (typically small) number of relevant molecular orbitals in Ψmol and throw out the same number or more of high-energy orbitals from ΨS. Which ones these are is irrelevant for the low-energy physics. The remaining wave functions are linearly independent. However, the KS orbitals for the

• direct tunneling amplitude between the tip and a representative low-energy substrate state, specifically the Bloch state at the K point localized on one of the two sublattices, modified by the Löwdin orthonormalization with respect to the CoPc HOMO and the tip. The amplitude is enhanced where large

Adsorbate-driven cooling of carbene-based molecular junctions

• Giuseppe Foti and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2060–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.206

• –Einstein distribution for C and CA, with low-energy modes populated (Figure 4a,d). At 0.6 V higher-energy modes of the C junction get populated while the mode populations for the CA junction roughly still follow a BE distribution (Figure 4b,e). At 1.2 V the electronic current has established a clearly non

• molecular junction in the low bias regime. HCD mediated by adsorbate states As previously mentioned, the NH2 adsorbate introduces additional features in the low-energy CA DOS (blue line in Figure 2a). The position and bias dependence of these states can influence the heating and cooling dynamics of the

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• Ge3Pt tetramers. In another study, Au(111) was chosen as a possible substrate for the formation of germanene because alloy formation was believed to be avoided using this substrate. Deposition of one monolayer (ML) of Ge on Au(111) at ≈200 °C resulted in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) data

• Weimin Wang Roger I. G. Uhrberg Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.8.195 Abstract We report a study of structural and electronic properties of a germanium layer on Al(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low

• energy electron diffraction and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental results show that a germanium layer can be formed at a relatively high substrate temperature showing either (3×3) or (√7×√7)R±19.1° reconstructions. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory suggest

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• -fluorinated DWCNTs have energies close to peaks D and E, respectively, in the spectrum of BrF3-treated DWCNTs. However, the origin of the peaks from each pair may be different. Earlier, we have suggested that the low-energy features correspond to the interaction of fluorine with carbon atoms situated around

• the samples fluorinated using different concentrations of BrF3 in the reaction volume are also mainly distinguished by the intensity of the low-energy peak (Figure S4b, Supporting Information File 1). This peak D arises from a compact armchair fluorine chain (Figure 4c) and is slightly enhanced in the

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• particular right at the excitation onset. In the case of undoped MnPc, the excitation edge starts with a low-energy shoulder around 284.5 eV before the first maximum at 285.3 eV is reached. Also for other transition-metal phthalocyanines such a C 1s excitation edge is observed [78][79][80]. This two-peak

• levels are filled with the doping-induced electrons. Second, the carbon binding energies change, as revealed by photoemission data, which show a broadening and the appearance of significantly less structured C 1s core level features in the doped compounds [74][79][80]. As a consequence, the low-energy

• shoulder in the C 1s excitations is lost and only a single low-energy feature is seen for higher doping levels. Again, this parallels the observations for other doped phthalocyanines [78][79][80]. There is, however, an important difference to the evolution of the C 1s excitation edges of FePc, CoPc and

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• , and that the resulting triplets subsequently dissociate into pairs of free charge carriers. The singlet fission process is also known to spin chemists; furthermore, it is known that this process is magnetic field-dependent [40][41]. Another approach for harvesting low energy photons is TTA [42] (see

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• exceeds 1000 °C [30]. Such a low crystallization temperature is surprising, but it can be explained by metal mediation. For a layered Si–Ag system a temperature as low as 400 °C was reported [31]. These results are in agreement with Auger electron spectroscopy measurements [16] and low-energy electron

•  5a) and the Raman modes related to the epitaxial silicene vanish (Figure 5b). In Figure 5b the Raman spectra of the “” structure before and after oxidation are shown. In the latter case the remaining Raman bands are the one at 520 cm−1 as well as its low-energy shoulder around 495 cm−1. This clearly

• , with a power density below 103 W/cm2, was used. LEED patterns were acquired in the energy range below 50 eV using a SPECTALEED, Omicron NanoScience optics. (a) STM topographic images (Ubias = −1.0 V, I = 1.08 nA) and corresponding low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns (insets) of (a) 0.1 ML

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• that doping CdSe QDs with Ag leads to the emergence of a low-energy band [22][23]. However, there are only a few publications devoted to Ag-doped CdSe QDs. The authors [23] used a cation-exchange method [24] to produce Ag-doped CdSe QDs with a low-energy band. However, this band becomes prominent only

• at 10 K. Our previous work proposed an oleate-based method (the in situ colloidal synthesis) to synthesize Ag-doped CdSe QDs with a wide band in the near-IR region along with an exciton band. In addition, a low-energy band could be clearly observed even at room temperature [22]. However, for Ag-doped

• The typical PL spectrum of undoped NPs (Figure 6, black dotted line) consists of two peaks, an exciton peak (2.21 eV) and a weak wide peak in the low-energy region (1.60 eV) (see semi-logarithmic plot in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3), which is associated with structure defects. An addition

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

• Taras Chutora,
• Jesús Redondo,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Martin Švec,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

• /bjnano.8.109 Abstract We report on the formation of fullerene-derived nanostructures on Au(111) at room temperature and under UHV conditions. After low-energy ion sputtering of fullerene films deposited on Au(111), bright spots appear at the herringbone corner sites when measured using a scanning

• molecules. From the equilibrium C60 molecule, we remove a C atom and explore low-energy structures by optimizing the geometry. The removal of an atom from the C60 molecule results in many unsaturated bonds that induce a geometric rearrangement of the molecule. In the calculations, we find two different

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• more stable tube-catalyst interface or kinetic control, such as different growth rates of different SWCNTs. Recently, the authors of [131] combined thermodynamic (preference to low energy) and kinetic (preference to higher rate) arguments within a unified theoretical model, which explains the

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• angle of incidence was 30° and the emission angle was along the surface normal. The K-Alpha charge dual compensation system was employed during analysis, using electrons and low-energy argon ions to prevent any localized build-up of charge. The measured high-resolution spectra were fitted with Voigt

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• keV). The other one was prepared instead with the so-called “gentle milling” procedure using low energy (0.1–1 keV) Ar+ ions (see details in the Experimental section). The results are compared in Figure 1 that shows a plan view TEM of the silicon substrate after the same gold deposition process but

• prepared following the standard (Figure 1a) and the gentle milling (Figure 1b) procedures, respectively. The morphology is drastically modified by the high energy Ar+ ion thinning, where the mean particle size is about 20% larger and the density increases by about 30% with respect to the low energy Ar

• 70 s, indicating a reduction of the textured component with immersion time in the HF solution. Conclusion In this work we investigate the morphology of gold aggregates on silicon (100) substrates obtained by galvanic displacement using XRD, AFM and TEM (with a proper low-energy ion milling procedure

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• -like modes are the “true” low-energy excitations of low-dimensional systems [6][7], while charged and spinful modes are realized as coherent states, with their own peculiar dynamics [8][9], both in normal superconducting phases [10][11][12][13][14]. Graphene has first emerged as an extraordinary

• not only to the extrinsic conditions, but also to a bunch of geometrical or conformation parameters, such as the width, chirality and unit-cell extension of each GNR, as well as the in-plane vacuum distance between two contiguous GNRs. In ZGNs the absence of a proper LDA band gap, prevents low energy

• ). The latter is sampled along the ΓΚ path of the 1st BZ of graphene (f), and the ΓΧ path of the 1st BZ of the different GNRs (g). Besides the π and π–σ plasmons, the ZGNRs present a low-energy intraband mode (IntraP), whereas the AGNRs have a low-energy interband mode (InterP). The intensity scale in (a

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• layers. Many theoretical and experimental studies have focused on the unique properties of TG [4]. In particular, it was demonstrated that for angles θ > 10°, the layers are electronically decoupled, and the low-energy band structure looks like a simple superposition of the Dirac cones of the individual

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• samples were not coated with conductive layers, an electron flood gun was applied to stabilize charging. Prior to imaging, the foam material was attached to the HIM sample holder with conductive carbon pads. The HIM induces a high brightness, low-energy spread, subnanometer-size beam of helium ions [25

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• wavelength for AuNPs in solution, on the glass and on the quartz substrate. The data points in the figure were obtained by fitting the peaks (as shown in Supporting Information File 1 Figures S2–S4) also based on Equation 2. We named peak 1 and peak 2 the two peaks at high and low energy, respectively. The

• excitation region, while in the low energy region, the shift is reverted to blue. In Figure 5c it is reversed: both peak 1 and 2 show a blue shift in the high energy region, while a red shift occurs in the low excitation energy region. The shift is totally different in case of Figure 5a. All these

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• Rudenko [20] considering a Hamiltonian , where ci () is the creation (annihilation) electronic operator at site i and tij is the hopping integral between sites i and j. In this model, five hopping integrals are required to characterize the low-energy electronic properties [20]: t1 = −1.220 eV, t2 = 3.665

• ). When mZ is further diminished, the barriers to the upper-edge contacts become too large, but now the coupling to the lower edge becomes relevant. For mZ ≤ 15 transmission shows asymmetric Fano-like resonances at the low-energy side and sharp anti-resonances at higher energies within the central band

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• the role of GB in ferromagnetic behaviour was supported by our new results on ZnO doped with nickel and iron [6][9][12] as well as by measurements with low-energy muon spin relaxation combined with molecular dynamics modeling and density functional theory calculations [13]. These new results

• direct evidence can be obtained from the local-probe method of low-energy muon spin relaxation (LE-µSR) [13]. This method is based on the idea to implant spin-polarized low-energy positive muons into ZnO. Due to their positive charge, the low-energy muons are trapped in the interstitial lattice sites

• . The motion of the muon spin is due to the magnetic field experienced by the muon. Therefore, low-energy muons act as highly sensitive probes of magnetic fields originating from magnetic moments in their close proximity and can provide information on the local environment of the muonin a very similar