Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• nontoxicity, worldwide availability and low production cost of cuttlefish bone products makes them an excellent calcium carbonate precursor for the fabrication of hydroxyapatite. In the present study, a novel oil-bath-mediated precipitation method was introduced for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (Hap

• ) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs). The obtained CB-Hap NRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to evaluate their

• spectrum of aragonite cuttlefish bone (CB), calcite, and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs). The impurity peaks are indicated by an “x”. FTIR spectra of cuttlefish bone and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• on the above considerations, we present a simple scalable strategy to fabricate an integrated NiMoO4@Co3O4 hierarchical porous structure aligned on CA, which is derived from a cellulose precursor, to be applied in an advanced asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). The NiMoO4 nanorods originated from ZIF-67

• aerogel precursor, which was produced from microcrystalline cellulose (MC). Second, the produced CA was used as the backbone for the growth of NiMoO4 nanorods employing a hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment. By this approach, NiMoO4/CA composites were obtained, in which the NiMoO4 nanorods

• uniformly filled the 3D network of CA, providing plenty of sites for coupling with ZIF-67. Third, ZIF-67 was in situ crystallized on the surface of the NiMoO4/CA skeleton by a hydrothermal method. Finally, after the pyrolysis of the NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA precursor at 350 °C for 2 h under air atmosphere, the

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• any solvents, metal catalysts, reagents and hazardous chemicals. Similarly, N-rGO nanosheets have also been synthesized using glycine as precursor. Results and Discussion The typical XRD patterns of rGO and N-rGO nanosheets are shown in Figure 1. The XRD pattern of the as-prepared rGO (Figure 1a

• oxygen atmosphere. The sugar undergoes dehydration, producing a black foam in ca. 7 min. Finally, the resultant product was collected for further analysis. A similar procedure was followed to prepare N-rGO using glycine as precursor. Hydrogen treatment of rGO nanosheets Hydrogen-treated reduced graphene

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• [29][30]. Here, some common and effective methods are introduced. Additives As is now well known, introducing additives to perovskite precursor solutions is a common way to optimize the film morphology and enhance the crystalline quality. Wang et al. [31] demonstrated a method to achieve fast

• formation and crystallization of perovskite films by incorporating hydrobromic acid (HBr) into the perovskite precursor solutions. Here, the halogen ion, a strong donor, can interact strongly with Pb2+ to form a homogeneous solution, which is beneficial for the swift growth of high-quality films. A

• over time is summarized in Figure 3. Spray coating Spray coating is the fastest method of obtaining scalable perovskite layers providing a high coating rate in a continuous process. For the first time, Lidzey et al. [43] used the ultrasonic spray coating technique to coat a precursor solution

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• exposing a solution of the silver precursor, sodium citrate, and a photopolymer initiator to sunlight for four months. When the same starting solution was exposed to incandescent light or xenon light to decrease the synthesis time, the final AgNP solutions presented different colorations. The dichroic

• , ending in a yellow transparent solution. Synthesis of AuNP The AuNP were synthesized using the Standard Turkevich method [16]. In brief, 95 mL of 0.14 mM gold precursor solution (0.133 mL of 0.1 M HAuCl4 in 95 mL of DI water) was heated to 100 °C. The reduction of the gold precursor solution was

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• of N sites, which influence the ORR activity even if they are not the active ORR sites themselves [27]. The N content depends on the amount of nitrogen in the precursor, the N(C) precursor concentration, the reaction temperature as well as the duration of the doping treatment. During ammonia

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• ceric oxide [38] surfaces and is favored by the presence of moisture [35]. As far as surface deposits are concerned, the epitaxial orientation of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanowires upon deposition on air-cleaved mica [21] has been linked to the formation of K2CO3 acting as a precursor for the pure WO3

• nanowires. For [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica a similar growth of the nanochains along preferential directions on the mica substrate is observed. However, it is very unlikely that K2CO3 acts as a precursor for our compound making this hypothesis the less accurate. The second hypothesis, which we consider more

• report on highly luminescent and magnetic terbium one-dimensional coordination polymers on a mica substrate with the possible formula [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica. These deposits can be obtained from [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n, which is a standard precursor to build luminescent and magnetic molecules. Its high

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• ) and Fe2O3 (0.166 g) [25]. Briefly, the precursor mixture was transferred to an alumina boat and preheated at 180 °C for 15 min and then the alumina boat was placed into the center of the tubular furnace (Protherm, Furnaces PTF 14/50/450). The BNNT synthesis was performed under saturated NH3 atmosphere

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• an active photocatalyst, where the pyrene-based linkers are expected to play the role of photosensitizers responsible for singlet oxygen production under UV irradiation, several control studies were performed to firmly establish the role of the linker. We explored the ability of pure linker precursor

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• detected, which is an expected result when crystalline Sb2S3 is formed [28][46][49]. No traces of additional phases were detected by either XRD or Raman in any glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. Chlorine, which could originate from the SbCl3 precursor, was not detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• paper, we describe the preparation of perovskite solar cells from an aqueous solution of lead nitrate as precursor under ambient conditions. In order to improve the photoelectric performance of the PSCs, PVP was added to the precursor solution. A combination of SEM, EIS, PL, UV, and other

• whole process was carried out under ambient conditions. Thus, our preparation method involves less toxic substances and is more environmentally friendly. Compared with previous preparation methods using aqueous lead nitrate solution as a precursor, our method can improve the photovoltaic performance of

• -Fermi level in the contacted perovskite and electron transfer material, but also by the defect-induced recombination in the electron transport channels [33]. It is clear that perovskite solar cells using a PVP-containing aqueous lead nitrate precursor solution will lead to an increase in Voc. The Voc of

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• storage performance. In this work, the as-synthesized C-MoS2/rGO-S electrodes did not show a clear improvement compared with pristine MoS2. This may be attributed to the higher concentration of the precursor during the synthesis process, insufficient carbonation of glucose and relatively poor

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• ) precursors were used to obtain the FeS2 NCs. The iron precursor was dissolved with octadecylamine at 120 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. Sulfur was dissolved with diphenyl ether at 70 °C for 1 h under argon gas. Then sulfur/diphenyl ether solution was added to the iron-octadecylamine complex. The solution

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• : 0.007 mol of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and C2H3O2Li·2H2O, H3PO4 were dissolved in 29 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain solution A; 4 g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were dissolved in 29 g of DMF to obtain solution B. A precursor spinning solution for the LiFePO4 nanofiber

• membrane is obtained after mixing A and B solutions. From the precursor solution a precursor fiber membrane was formed under a voltage of 25 kV, which was followed by a pre-oxidation at 260 °C for 2 h and then calcination at 800 °C for 10 h in N2 atmosphere (Figure 2c,d). Li4Ti5O12: 0.01 mol tetra-n-butyl

• titanate (C16H36O4Ti), 0.9593 g C2H3O2Li·2H2O, and 0.25 mL HNO3 were dissolved in 29 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain solution A; 4 g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were dissolved in 29 g of DMF to obtain solution B. A precursor spinning solution for the

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• , which makes it difficult to compare the electrochemical performance among the different nanostructures of transition metal chalcogenides. Herein, we have fabricated ultrathin Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoflakes by sulfurising a NiCo oxide precursor. We have found that the as-prepared Ni1−xCoxS2 nanocomposites well

• without any purification. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Synthesis of Ni1.7Co1.3O4 powder precursor The Ni1.7Co1.3O4 precursor was prepared by a facile two-step method. In a solvothermal procedure, similarly to [19], 10 mmol·L−1 nickel nitrate hexahydrate, 10 mmol·L−1 cobalt

• structure of the precursor Ni1.7Co1.3O4 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2b–d) is maintained through this facile calcination method. Similarly, Ni1.7Co1.3O4 inherits the overall morphology of pristine NiCo-LDHs [19], which proves the microstructure was maintained during the calcination process

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• on the surface. This state is observed by the AFM technique as the surface topography. (2) In the second state the ions are dissolved in the hydration layer or in a physiosorbed or precursor state [30], which shows a high mobility and cannot be imaged. The material from the accumulation over time

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• at least five times in absolute ethanol and dispersed the particles by means of sonication. Finally, the powders were dried under air at room temperature. Three different syntheses are presented in this study using different precursor concentrations. The mixing of the chemicals was performed in a 100

• covellite in the final product, a relevant factor is the molar defect of Cu precursor in the EG. The crystal chemical analysis (by Raman, XRD and EXAFS) revealed a random distribution of antisite defects, SnCu and CuSn, in the tetragonal structure while still maintaining the I−42m symmetry. These chemical

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• outperform them in terms of stability and ability for regeneration. Experimental Materials and chemicals used in the preparation of CaO- and ETS-10-based catalysts Calcium oxide of technical grade (Centrochem Co., Serbia) was used as a precursor in the preparation of CaO-based catalysts. For the preparation

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• the VAC precursor solution. These nanostructured M-CAT-1 MOF films feature extreme wetting phenomena, specifically superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water and underwater oil-contact angles of 0° and up to 174°, respectively. The self-cleaning capability of the

• methods for producing both compact and nanostructured M-CAT-1 films (see Figure S5.1, Supporting Information File 1). Briefly, oriented thin films of Ni- and Co-CAT-1 were synthesized on gold substrates by depositing a thin layer of a precursor solution onto a gold substrate. Then, the gold substrate was

• by including carboxylic acids, which served as crystallization promotors in the drop-cast precursor solution layer. Specifically, we introduced acetic acid in the Ni-CAT-1 and salicylic acid in the Co-CAT-1 synthesis (see Figure 2A). Top-view SEM images show a homogenous film and a long-range ordered

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• . However, the surface morphology of the porous nanoshells is rough (see Figure 4b). Possible reasons for the roughness include destabilizing intercalation of the salt precursor into the polymer matrix and insufficient nucleation sites, leading to lengthy time periods needed for nanocapsule growth. To

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• for the monometallic precursor colloids, which are mixed together without any post laser treatment to form unalloyed heterostructures, is based on a previously reported method [20]. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol is a widely utilized benchmark method for gauging catalytic activity [21][22] as the rate

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• reduce the Ga3+ precursor, working as a nucleation center for the Ga atoms and prevent uncontrolled coagulation of the liquid metal. Through annealing, the single-phase products can be obtained [27][42]. The all-hydrocarbon precursor GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), with the Ga atom in the

• assume that during the dispersion a chemical reaction of the precursors to Ni/Ga clusters occurs. The formation of clusters from metal precursor materials in ionic liquids has been described before, for example, [EMIm][Ni(P2S8)] [51], [BMMIm]16[Sn24Se56] [52], [Ru2Bi14Br4][AlCl4] [53], [Bi5(AlCl4)3] [53

• , but with poor conversions. After the removal of the IL, precipitated NiGa nanoparticles achieved an increased conversion higher than 90% over 3 runs. The selectivities towards the alkene still reached 100%. Experimental Due to the sensitivity of the precursor substances towards hydrolysis and

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• solution and the type of polymer. On the other hand, ALD is a novel metal oxide deposition process with excellent thickness control due to its low temperature processing and separated superficial reactions between precursor materials. Precursors are pulsed one by one over a substrate in the chamber and

• in each half-cycle were 30 s and 60 s, respectively. Subsequently, the TiO2 deposition process was performed using the combination of the TDMAT precursor agent and ultrapure water for 300 cycles. These precursors were alternatively introduced into the ALD chamber at 200 °C with a pulse time of 0.1

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• electrochemical performance in a VRFB compared to the untreated sample with fewer defects. The commercial carbon felts (GFD-type) used as electrode materials in the present study are made out of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. In contrast to the commonly employed thermal activation process, the plasma

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• display-quality glass substrates covered with ca. 150 nm thin transparent ITO electrodes. Polyimide (PI) is deposited onto the substrates by a conventional routine combining a precursor spin-coating and annealing at 190 °C for 1 h, which produces a mechanically robust PI layer of 10–20 nm thickness. Next