Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• reaction with H3PO3. The scheme of the reaction is presented in Figure 1. The first visual observations revealed that after functionalization the color of the previously yellow-brownish GO changed to shiny greyish. The surface morphology of GO and GO-P was examined with SEM (Figure 2). The images

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• investigated, in order to understand whether there is any correlation with the surface features of the printed material. To this end, a morphological investigation with AFM has been performed. Figure 6 and Figure 7 report typical AFM images of the surface morphology of the graphene material on each device

• fabrication in comparison to other techniques commonly used, e.g., drop-casting deposition. Overall, the main drawback in paper-based devices is the surface morphology of the sensing film, induced by the granular surface of the substrate. The Al2O3-based device, which shows a surface characterized by planar

• an effective bulk path, which results in a lower base resistance. The edge accumulation is also responsible of the difficulties in controlling the base conductance value as a function of the number of inkjet-printed layers. Regarding the electrical responses and their correlation to the surface

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• properties [13][14]. Although the occurrence of surface plasmon-enhanced nonlinear optical effects is rather well understood, further investigation into the spectral dependence and magnitude dependence of the field enhancement as related to surface morphology [2]. Particular attention has been paid to the

• role, in particular whenever the nanostructure morphology shows anisotropy at the local scale. Polarization can induce strong confinement of plasmons in the resonance region in close correlation with the local surface morphology, characterized by a pattern of hills and valleys. As a consequence, an

• corresponding point-by-point enhancement factors. This approach has the advantage that it allows for a much finer spatial discretization, and hence, an improved ability to correlate the hot spots to the surface morphology. The main disadvantage of our method is that since is applied in the frequency domain, we

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• -PFDA and cross-linked alterations thereof are chemically stable in the investigated temperature range, within the detection limits of the FTIR spectroscopy measurement. Surface morphology and wettability The impact of the cross-linker on the surface morphology of p-PFDA films was investigated by atomic

• 23.7 nm. The mean radius of the spherical structures is about 200 nm, as determined from the autocorrelation length of the micrograph. Upon addition of EGDMA, the surface morphology is drastically changed. The hillock-like structure of pure p-PFDA is reduced to a few aggregated clusters, interrupting

• morphology were recorded by AFM (Figure 3b). For the p-PFDA films, a completely different surface morphology results. The spherical aggregates in the as-prepared polymer are completely absent and a relatively smooth surface results instead. The morphology is still reminiscent of the hillock-like structures

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• degree of crystallinity [47]. The surface morphology of the PANI thin films was examined by using AFM analysis (Figure 4). The RMS surface roughness of the as-deposited thin films of 350 nm thickness was measured as 30 nm on a flat substrate, and the roughness increased with film thickness. When the

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• from the observed changes in the optical absorption, plasmon band, zeta potential, DLS particle size distribution, as well as TEM and AFM surface morphology analysis. Circular dichroism studies also revealed that DNA-functionalized AuNP binding caused a conformational change in the DNA structure. Due

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• studying the structure and surface morphology evolution of the GNS sample in the H2O2 solution, Wen et al. [95] revealed that the accelerated formation of nanoporous structure was mostly due to the higher chemical reactivity of the GNS Ti, which promoted the decomposition of H2O2 and the formation of

Modeling of the growth of GaAs–AlGaAs core–shell nanowires

• Qian Zhang,
• Peter W. Voorhees and
• Stephen H. Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 506–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.54

• Figure 7b). It is obvious that a model assuming pure materials cannot address the mechanisms leading to the non-homogeneous distribution of Al in the shell. A two-dimensional fully faceted model [8] was developed for the growth of the shell with an AxB1−x (AlxGa1−xAs) alloy on a hexagonal core. Surface

• morphology and composition on the i-th facet evolve as where δ is the ratio of the density of lattice sites on the surface to that in the bulk. For each component m, ξm is the local composition fraction of atoms m of the surface layer and Moreover, ξA + ξB = 1. is the surface-diffusion flux of component m

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• on a sample holder. After termination the sample was thoroughly washed in deionized water and dried in nitrogen flow. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized by SEM (MAIA3, TESCAN). The electron energies were 5 keV or 10 keV. An in-lens detector was used to image the investigated

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• surface morphology, as reported by SEM, reveals that after irradiation, the black surface is uniformly covered by small structures (Figure 2 centre). A high magnification image (Figure 2 right) shows that they consist of cavities and grain boundaries. It is worth noting that the nanostructure of the film

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• (Figure 3a) and after (Figure 3b) an HF postdeposition treatment of 70 s. The postdeposition treatment clearly results in a much flatter surface morphology than in the untreated sample. This effect can be quantified by calculating the root mean square (RMS) roughness from the two 1 × 1 µm scans in Figure

Obtaining and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) nanostructures by ion beam sputtering

• Sergei N. Chebotarev,
• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Elena N. Zhivotova,
• Georgy A. Erimeev and
• Marina L. Lunina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 12–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.2

• impurity flux did not exceed the GaAs flux. The surface morphology was studied with an atomic force microscope Solver HV in the semicontact mode by NSG10 probes using positional marks, which allowed us to identify specific region on a surface [33]. The structure of the quantum dots was studied with a

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• thin metal films. The localized defects in the film were introduced by load-controlled nanoindentation. We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) for studying the surface morphology evolution upon annealing; special attention was paid to the healing processes in the indented area and the dewetting

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• the broad, amorphous structure of CNs (Figure 4D), indicating that the MIF was embedded in the CNs. Size and surface morphology of MCNs The diameters of CNs and MCNs measured by a Malvern particle size analyzer were found to be from 180 to 200 nm (Figure 5A). The morphologies of CNs and MCNs were

Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• analyze interferometric data and, hence, etch depth or rate, but also to gain information on other material properties of interest. Information on surface morphology of a monocrystalline semiconductor sample can be extracted – either on an atomic scale due to specific surface reconstructions [3][5][37][38

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• shift values were referenced to tetramethylsilane. The qualitative analysis of protein fractions (λ = 250–600 nm) and the UV–vis transmittance (λ = 200–800 nm) of bionanocomposite films (rectangular shape, 2 cm × 4 cm) were determined using a Shimadzu UV-1201 spectrophotometer. Surface morphology was

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• + irradiation of polyimide (PI) and polyethersulfone improves the moisture uptake in the films [7]. Further applications include metal adhesion on polymer surface [8], novel inorganic films by ion bombardment of polymers [9], surface morphology for biocompatibility [10], etch resistance of polymers [11

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• , however, recently more sophisticated nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, nanoplates have been exploited [23][26][30][31]. The recourse of such a direction of research results from microstructural aspects such as grain size and surface morphology, which are among the most important factors

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• charge carriers between the two semiconductors. Plots obtained by the transformation of the Kubelka–Munk function vs the energy of light are presented in Figure 3, which clearly shows the band gap narrowing in both the semiconductors due to the addition of GO. SEM analysis The surface morphology of all

• electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed to obtain further information on the surface morphology and microstructures of all prepared nanostructures (Figure 6). The TEM image of GO shows the flake-like shape (Figure 6a). The CdS NP are about 20 nm in size (Figure 6b). The TEM images of the CdS–ZnO

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• subjected to methanol and heat treatment. Characterization of fabricated NFMs The surface morphology of the fabricated membranes was examined using a JSM-840A (JEOL, Japan) scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV. For this analysis, small amounts of the samples were coated

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• not yet been fully resolved. Therefore, in order to obtain a deeper understanding of this bio-attachment phenomenon, it is crucial to systematically investigate the influence of both the surface chemistry and surface morphology on insect attachment properties using a greater range of surfaces with

Effect of tetramethylammonium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol wet etching on geometry and surface roughness of silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography

• Siti Noorhaniah Yusoh and
• Khatijah Aisha Yaacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1461–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.138

• %) and temperature (65 °C) in order to study the relationships of the etching depth and width, etching rate and surface roughness. Characterization The surface morphology of the silicon nanowires was characterized in detail using AFM. The elemental analysis of the fabricated silicon nanowire was carried

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• and annealed the prepared hybrid material in a furnace at 250 °C in an atmosphere of 20% O2 and 80% Ar for 1 h. The surface morphology of the samples was studied by means of a LEO 1525 scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a field emission gun. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• optimal conditions were compared with the standard Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric data. Results and Discussion SEM characterization of PGA/MWCNT composite film The response of the prepared electrochemical sensor is related to its physical morphology. The surface morphology of the PGA/MWCNT film on a

• ) coupled with NOVA 1.10 software. An electrochemical sensor is comprised of three electrodes: the working (bare or modified glassy carbon electrodes), the reference (Ag/AgCl, aqueous KCl, 3.5 M) and the auxiliary Pt wire electrodes. The surface morphology of a (PGA/MWCNT) composite film was examined using

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Figure 1 show the surface morphology of the substrate copper foil (a) before and (b) after GO was deposited and dried at 80 °C. The bare Cu foil surface exhibits particles 7–8 nm in size and structural defects. The surface chemical composition determined by EDS revealed the existence of oxygen probably