Manipulation of magnetic vortex parameters in disk-on-disk nanostructures with various geometry

• Maxim E. Stebliy,
• Alexander G. Kolesnikov,
• Alexey V. Ognev,
• Alexander S. Samardak and
• Ludmila A. Chebotkevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.70

• diameters of 600 and 200 nm, respectively, were separated by a 3 nm thick Cu interlayer. The nanostructures were fabricated on naturally oxidized Si(111) substrates by means of electron-beam lithography, magnetron sputtering and standard lift-off process. Geometry and surface roughness were checked with

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• by RRMS values of 0.7 ± 0.3 nm, 1.8 ± 0.2 nm and 2.9 ± 1.0 nm, respectively. The increase in the ellipsometric thickness of 5 nm combined with the AFM findings of the surface roughness (similar to the values characteristic for the anchor layers) indicates the formation of continuous ALG films, which

• profilometry: Macroscopic surface roughness and waviness measurements were performed using a Tencor P-10 (Texas, USA) surface profiler with 1 mm long scans at a speed of 20 μm∙s−1 and a sampling rate of 200 Hz using a maximum stylus force of 0.02 N. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): The SEM analysis was

• M NaOH, and piranha (H2SO4/H2O2)) except for those treated with a H2SO4/HCl solution. Microscale texturing similar to that reported here has been obtained by treatments such as machining [45][46], anodic oxidation [45][46] and chemical oxidation using piranha [12]. The increase in the surface

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• , the fresh films deposited on the glass substrate were cut with a scalpel. After 48 h at room temperature, this cut on the film was observed by AFM for the thickness estimation. The evaluation of the surface roughness and thickness was performed by using WSxM 5.0 Develop3.2 software. The wettability of

Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy

• Gabriele C. Messina,
• Mario Malerba,
• Pierfrancesco Zilio,
• Ermanno Miele,
• Michele Dipalo,
• Lorenzo Ferrara and
• Francesco De Angelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50

• calculations (not reported for brevity). In order to save calculation time, we neglected the surface roughness in this optimization, whereas it will be considered later for the evaluation of the electric field enhancement. The model considers antennas with an 18 nm thick silver layer deposited on the surface

• range for a single antenna with a surface roughness of 4 nm on the tip was calculated. The results are reported in Figure 3 with the limited spectral range of 400–900 nm shown for clarity. The device exhibits very good performance regarding both the electric field enhancement and absorption. Both

• simulations of a silver nanotube with 1.4 µm height, 160 nm width, surface roughness of 4 nm and illuminated by TM polarized light impinging at 5°. The blue line represents the electric field enhancement calculated 1 nm above the upper antenna edge and normalized with respect to the impinging wave amplitude

Fundamental edge broadening effects during focused electron beam induced nanosynthesis

• Roland Schmied,
• Jason D. Fowlkes,
• Robert Winkler,
• Phillip D. Rack and
• Harald Plank

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.47

• 500 nm SiO2 top-layer providing a root mean square (RMS) surface roughness values of less than 0.1 nm, and 2) the same substrates with 60 nm Au electrodes, fabricated through electron-beam lithography using a 3 nm Cr interfacial adhesion layer. While the former were used for atomic force microscopy

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• to determine the topographical features of the studied surfaces and the effect of the plasma treatment on their roughness. The surface roughness parameters of the untreated and plasma-treated electrospun scaffolds are summarized in Table 1, while the obtained topographies of the samples are presented

• in Figure 1d–f. The average surface roughness (Ra), was found to increase after the O2-plasma treatment with mild power conditions (P = 20 W) which is attributed to the incorporation of the polar groups on the surface. Indeed, during plasma treatment the polymer chains on the surface break and polar

• surface roughness of the PCL, and reaches a plateau after about 50 nm, which corresponds to the E of the sample. Therefore, the calculated E value, for the untreated and the O2-plasma-treated PCL varies between 1–4 GPa and 1.5–2.5 GPa, respectively. Conclusively, the nanoindentation testing showed that

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• quantifiable; their line height and width are in the limits of AFM resolution and Si surface roughness. On the other side, for CNF-patterned lines, an unexpected widening of the line features is especially characteristic of the 22 V and 24 V tests. The analysis of the line profile suggests that the resulting

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• presented. Characterization of the protein coating on PDMS masks To characterize the surface roughness and the protein coating, glass and PDMS surfaces were imaged using AFM. Several protein-coated surfaces of both PDMS and glass were imaged. Surfaces of protein-coated glass were smooth with height

• proteins as described for non-labeled proteins. The cantilever coating was performed as previously described [30]. In short, the cantilevers were plasma-cleaned and incubated overnight in 2 mg/mL ConA (Sigma) containing PBS at 4 °C. Characterization of protein coatings To characterize surface roughness and

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• substrate must exhibit a surface roughness at the nanometer level. In these nanoscale structures, the excitation of electrons from the metal surface by laser irradiation can be confined, resulting in plasmon resonance [16]. The existence of this resonance is a necessary condition to observe a SERS signal by

• adsorbed species on the metal surface. In order to obtain a suitable surface roughness from a smooth copper substrate, etching in nitric acid was performed (as previously demonstrated [17]), followed by immersion in ammonia solution. The reducing environment limits the oxidation of the copper surface

• ) of the etched sample surface reveals a fine surface arrangement, showing the formation of submicrometer dendritic structures, typical of rapid growth crystals. The existence of these nanostructures is additionally proved by measuring the surface roughness. A line profile was obtained on the etched

Aquatic versus terrestrial attachment: Water makes a difference

• Petra Ditsche and
• Adam P. Summers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2424–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.252

• faced by tires on roads of varying roughness and wetness has driven the development of theories that may be applicable to biological systems [50][51]. These theories are difficult to assess in a biological context, but an examination of the parameters, surface roughness, substrate compliance, friction

Characterization of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and their use in metal–insulator–metal tunnel devices

• Saumya Sharma,
• Mohamad Khawaja,
• Manoj K. Ram,
• D. Yogi Goswami and
• Elias Stefanakos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2240–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.233

• PDA. However, this AFM characterization could only provide information about the surface morphology and not the film thickness. The surface roughness of the underlying nickel film was recorded as 18 ± 1 Å [24]. Discussion of the MIM structure: Initially, due to the extreme thinness of the PDA

• 0.01 M HCl electrolyte. AFM micrograph of 30 monolayer of PDA deposited using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique showing a surface roughness of 34.2 Å. The roughness of the underlying Ni-coated silicon substrate was 18 Å. A schematic representation of the challenges in MIM device fabrication using LB

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• spectroscopy experiment Single-molecule probe modification: The alkyne-modified probe was engaged to the Cu substrate in contact mode with 1 nN force in 0.05 M azide solution. The average surface roughness Ra of the Cu surface was 1.33 ± 0.24 nm determined through AFM topography (shown in Figure S8, Supporting

Numerical investigation of the effect of substrate surface roughness on the performance of zigzag graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors symmetrically doped with BN

• Majid Sanaeepur,
• Arash Yazdanpanah Goharrizi and
• Mohammad Javad Sharifi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1569–1574, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.168

• impurities, here, we only consider the effect of the substrate material. Any substrate material has some surface roughness (SR). Substrate surface roughness induces a conformal surface roughness on the GNR placed on top of it [27]. It has been shown that SR decreases the mobility of both armchair and zigzag

• data, a two-dimensional Gaussian auto-correlation function is used as a generator of surface roughness [27][30][31]: where h(r) is the variation of the surface height at point r. The values δSR and represent the root mean square and correlation length of the height fluctuations, respectively. The pz

• on- and off-state, respectively [45]. Results and Discussion A typical sample of s-BN-ZGNR with a width of five hexagons of atoms (5h) is shown in Figure 1 with (right) and without (left) surface roughness. As depicted, the one hexagonal chain of atoms at each edge along the transport direction is

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• shown in Figure 1. The presence of the smeared interface in the as-deposited sample can be explained by some initial surface roughness, diffusion during the sample preparation or instrumental effects of the sputter depth profiling [27][28]. It can be clearly seen that, during heat treatments the Cu

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• electrocatalytic activity is probably related to a lower CO binding energy, a higher surface roughness and a larger amount of defect sites on the faceted Ir(210) surface. The results verify the theoretical prediction that faceting of Ir(210) is possible under electrochemical conditions. Cyclic voltammograms of Ir

Surface topography and contact mechanics of dry and wet human skin

• Alexander E. Kovalev,
• Kirstin Dening,
• Bo N. J. Persson and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1341–1348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.147

• topography of the human wrist skin is studied by using optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. By using these techniques the surface roughness power spectrum is obtained. The Persson contact mechanics theory is used to calculate the contact area for different magnifications, for the dry and wet

• and AFM data we have obtained the surface roughness power spectrum over all relevant length scales. This enabled us to perform a more accurate theoretical contact mechanics study of the frictional properties of skin, which we will report on in this paper. Experimental The topography of human wrist

• skin and (121.4 ± 1.6)° (n = 9) on wet skin. The larger contact angle on wet skin could reflect either a change in the skin surface chemistry, or more likely may be due to the increase in the surface roughness of wet skin. The receding contact angle was not measured but it would be smaller than the

Observation and analysis of structural changes in fused silica by continuous irradiation with femtosecond laser light having an energy density below the laser-induced damage threshold

• Wataru Nomura,
• Tadashi Kawazoe,
• Takashi Yatsui,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1334–1340, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.146

• decreased as the surface roughness increased. In addition, we found that the reflected light spectrum changed as degradation proceeded. We analyzed the details of the degradation by measuring instantaneous reflectance changes with a pump–probe method; we observed an increase in the generation probability of

• relation between laser-induced degradation and surface roughness is revealed, it may contribute to the development of a surface polishing technology for optical components with higher resistance against not only laser-induced damage but also degradation. Moreover, the clarification of the mechanism and

• relaxation lifetime, we found that compositional changes in the molecular structure occurred as laser-induced degradation proceeded. Results and Discussion 1 Evaluation of laser-induced degradation of fused silica 1.1 Surface roughness dependence of threshold fluence in laser-induced degradation First, to

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• surface is assumed. On the basis of these intriguing experimental results, several works [62][63][64][65][66][67] developed theoretical models for phonon boundary scattering, taking into account coherent effects. For an appropriate scale of surface roughness, these coherent effects can be important for

• limited by impurity scattering and the electron mean free path is very small with respect to the nanowire diameter. Thus, in nanowires wider than 20–40 nm, phonon thermal conduction kph can be strongly reduced by increasing the surface roughness, meanwhile the electrical conductivity remains comparable

Physical principles of fluid-mediated insect attachment - Shouldn’t insects slip?

• Jan-Henning Dirks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1160–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.127

• and smooth surfaces by maximizing the contact area and achieving close contact [27][28]. In contrast to the hairy adhesives, smooth pads of insects increase the contact area by adapting as a whole to the surface roughness (Figure 1F, [29][30][31][32]). Smooth adhesive organs can be found in many

• adhesive fluid increased adhesion, as the additional fluid compensated the surface roughness and thus increased the effective contact area [16][46]. In addition, the presence of adhesive fluid has been shown to improve the self-cleaning of the adhesive pads in comparison to dry adhesive pads [47][48

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• control of the electrical properties is required for storage capacitors, non-volatile memories as well as for transparent thin-film transistors [18][19]. Moreover, the tunability of the surface roughness is advantageous when fabricating gas sensors [20]. Over the years a number of excellent reviews

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• . californiae and the influence of the stiffness of the underlying skin layers and the surface roughness of the substrate on the frictional coefficient [10]. In the present study, we used a similar experimental setup to characterise frictional properties of the SIMPS. Additionally, frictional properties of a

• geometries of the other microstructured surfaces due to the comparison of surface roughness of the investigated surfaces (Table 5). Referring to the threshold of detectable microstructure dimensions and the corresponding roughness value, it can be concluded that the interaction between the investigated

• PGMS in perpendicular direction to the microstructure at a dimension of 25 µm. Sondhauß et al. [38] and Baum et al. [44] concluded that the frictional response is dominated by the geometry of the tribo-pair. Based on these assumptions they stated that moderate modification of surface roughness can

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

Insect attachment on crystalline bioinspired wax surfaces formed by alkanes of varying chain lengths

• Elena Gorb,
• Sandro Böhm,
• Nadine Jacky,
• Louis-Philippe Maier,
• Kirstin Dening,
• Sasha Pechook,
• Boaz Pokroy and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1031–1041, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.116

• surface roughness. The crystal size (length and thickness) decreased with an increase of the chain length of the alkanes that formed these surfaces, whereas the density of the wax coverage, as well as the surface roughness, showed an opposite relationship. Traction tests demonstrated a significant, up to

• (Figure 2, Table 1). Values of the surface roughness parameters dropped by factors of 7–9, when C36 was compared with C50. Both middle-chain alkanes created surfaces with relatively similar mid-range roughness. All four wax samples showed superhydrophobic properties: apparent contact angles of water

• differences in the wax coverage micromorphology caused distinctions in the surface roughness. Samples bearing looser coverage were composed of larger (longer and thicker) crystals and were rougher than samples with smaller (shorter and thinner) crystals covering the surface more densely. Since the surface

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• related to changes in surface roughness [42], as we have previously shown that roughness does not vary with thickness for these films [37]. Nonetheless, local roughness can significantly affect the absolute values of friction coefficient measured in single and multiple asperity friction experiments [43

Direct observation of microcavitation in underwater adhesion of mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructure

• Lars Heepe,
• Alexander E. Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 903–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.103

• velocities (400 µm/s and 800 µm/s) a suction effect of about 10% contributed to the overall pull-off force [17]. This was explained by air being able to percolate through the contact interface (due to, e.g., surface roughness resulting in partial contact) and instantaneously balancing the pressure in the