The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• 254 nm (Figure 2) [25][26]. It should be mentioned that none of the reagents measured separately showed an absorption band at this wavelength and that the AgCl absorption band can also be observed in the UV–vis spectrum of a mixture of only AgNO3 and NaCl (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• − ions (10−8–10−7 M) are nonetheless present in the solution, since the test molecules were added as chloride salts, but not enough to observe a SERS effect. However, after adding 0.1 M NaCl to the cit-AgNPs or hya-AgNPs, intense SERS spectra of crystal violet or 9-aminoacridine were obtained (data not

• violet, we added 1 mM NaCl to activate the cit-AgNPs. However, the presence of 1 mM Cl− led only to a weak activation of the cit-AgNPs, where the SERS intensity of 10−9 M crystal violet (Figure 6C) was comparable to that recorded with the as-synthesized hya-AgNPs (Figure 6B). However, the further

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M. pH 7.8, with 1.55% NaCl) for 3 h at 4 °C. The tube feet were rinsed in cacodylate buffer (0.2 M. pH 7.8, with 1.84% NaCl) and then post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M. pH 7.8, with 2.3% NaCl). After rinsing in cacodylate buffer, the tube feet

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• a phase separation up to 90 °C, while solutions of 3 in a physiological solution of sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) solution or in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) clouded at 60 °C (Figure 4a). DLS method showed that an increase of the particle size of 3 in the presence of salts occurred already

• at room temperature (Figure 4c, Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1). In the 0.9% NaCl solution a monomodal particle size distribution was observed (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). TEM images of dried saline solution of 3 confirmed the growing of the macrocycle particle size to about

• further increase of the particles size. Thus, in aqueous solution macrocycle 3 forms micelles with a diameter of 5–10 nm, which associate into “multimicelle aggregates” in the presence of salts (0.9% NaCl, PBS) and become sensitive to a change of the solution temperature (Figure 4f). Micelles of 3 in the

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• temperature and carefully dried in a nitrogen flow; in this third (2D) assembly phase, however, (unwanted) lateral capillary forces could become relevant when the solvent film thickness approaches the particle diameter, as discussed later. As process parameters, the NaCl concentration and particle

• or L, indicating small or large spheres, respectively, upper index refers to the NaCl concentration, and the lower index indicates the particle concentration in wt %. After colloidal assembly of the polystyrene particles, gold and cobalt nanohole arrays (Figure 1b) were realized by depositing 20 nm

• (NaCl) concentration (from 0 mM to 10 mM). Figure 2a–e reports SEM images of 80 nm particle films obtained by absorbing solutions with different salt concentrations but at the same 0.2 wt % nanosphere concentration, while the relative radial distribution functions g(r) are compared in Figure 2f. The

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• concentration of NaCl (1.0 to 3.5 mM), revealing that the sensitivity of the analytical platform can be increased with the increase of ionic strength. Based on these results, further tests on Cu2+ were performed using distilled water, even though this method is versatile and adaptable at different pH values and

• ). NaOH and NaCl were obtained from Dae Jung Chemicals Korea. Standard solutions, including Cu2+, Mn2+, Mo3+, Na+, Cr3+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, K+, Cs+, Li+, As+, PO43–, NH4, and NO3− were obtained from Kanto Chemicals. All reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further treatment. Ultrapure

• ), and NaCl (1.0–3.5 mM). The absorbance of the solutions was measured at 410 nm after 5 min. Then, Cu2+ (1.28 µM) was added, respectively. The solutions were again incubated for another 5 min before the absorbance of the suspensions was re-measured at 410 nm. Detection of Cu2+ concentration The casein

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• , even when the contact area with the graphene is the same. This results from the different lattice constant and atomic arrangements in Al and Pd particles. A similar non-monotonous behavior of friction is observed for hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on Au substrates [4] and NaCl(001) crystal

• , which is similar to that of hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on Au substrates [4] and NaCl crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum [5]. We found that the friction force, i.e., the force acting on the particles from the substrate, depends nearly linearly on the contact area consistent with [13][14

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• that of our work [46]. Additionally, Figure 7b shows that there is an obvious peak current in the CV for 1.0 mM 1-naphthol, whereas there is no obvious peak current in the CVs for 1.0 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM K2SO4, indicating that the GCE with the deposited HACC-rGO/CS film has an anti-interference

• concentration of 1-naphthol. (a) DPV of the GCE with the deposited HACC-rGO/CS film in the presence of 1-naphthol with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 μM). (b) CV curves of the GCE with the deposited HACC-rGO/CS film in the presence of 1.0 mM NaCl, 1.0 mM K2SO4, and 1.0 mM 1-naphthol. Scan rate

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• g/L 10 µL/disc) were placed at different locations on the culture plates. The control discs were impregnated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl). One part of the plates was incubated in the dark, while another part was exposed to the indoor light. The natural indoor light from windows (intensity of ca

• . The spores of A. niger, A. melleus and P. chrysogenum were collected with 8.5 g/L NaCl aqueous solution, and the suspension was inoculated on the Petri dishes. Dishes were irradiated with fluorescence light or kept in dark. After three and eight days of exposure the diameters of colonies were measured

• and the appearances were checked visually. Sporulation test 20 g/L of the sample was dispersed in MEA medium, sonicated for 1 min, autoclaved at 121 °C for 10 min and dispensed to the slants. The spores of A. melleus and P. chrysogenum were collected with 8.5 g/L NaCl aqueous solution, the number of

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• and consists of flaky particles with sizes ranging from 100 to 1000 nm, which "stick" to large aggregates. A MM form enriched with the Na+ ions was obtained by adding a 1 M solution of NaCl to the MM suspension (10 g of MM per 1 L of solution) under continuous mixing with a magnetic stirrer and

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• (TRIS) and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 10× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1.37 M NaCl, 0.027 M KCl, 0.10 M Na2HPO4, and 0.018 M KH2PO4 were purchased from Bioman Scientific Co., Ltd (Taipei, Taiwan

• mixed with 5 μL of 20 μM reducing agent (TCEP) in 25 mM TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 8.2) for 30 min. The probe solution was then diluted to a final concentration of 0.5 μM in 25 mM TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 8.2), and kept in the dark before use. Bioactive substrate preparation by the CLL process

• TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) in advance. Target DNA solutions in 25 mM TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) was thereafter dropped onto the target DNA-specific probe-modified substrates for a 5 min incubation period. For sandwich-like array signal reporting, biotinylated thiol-patterned substrates

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• upper/lower and the left upper/lower as well as from the subdiaphragmal right/left, the epigastric and the posterior stomach. Afterwards, the tissue samples were rinsed with a sterile aqueous 0.9 wt % NaCl solution to eliminate superficial cytostatics, dried with blotting paper and shock frozen in

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• solutions. Immediately prior to experiments, the DNA stock solutions were diluted 1:100 with 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ([NaCl] = 138 mM, [KCl] = 2.7 mM, and [MgCl2] = 5 mM) pH 7.4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to make 1 µM solutions. The patterns of Au–alkanethiolate monolayers on flat PDMS

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• photocleavage (photodamage). Experimental Sample preparation All λ-DNA (Thermo Fisher) and YOYO-1 (Invitrogen) solutions were prepared in the buffer of 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4, Acros Organics) with 10 mM NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich). All water used was from a Barnstead E-Pure ultrapure water purification system with a

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• . The medium of choice is artificial urine because our catheter should be applied to the uriniferous system [41][42]. Although urine is mainly a solution of NaCl (approx. 0.1 M), no precipitation of AgCl occurs because urine always contains ammonia (which is the reaction product of urea and urease

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• of independent measurements. The CNO samples were dispersed to a final concentration of 1 mg mL−1 in PBS 0.01 M (PBS pH 7.4, composition 0.14 M NaCl, 0.0027 M KCl, 0.010 M PO43−) The samples were sonicated for 10 min at 37 kHz and then diluted in 0.01 M PBS to achieve a final concentration of 5 μg mL

The effect of the electrical double layer on hydrodynamic lubrication: a non-monotonic trend with increasing zeta potential

• Dalei Jing,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1515–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.152

• inlet of bearing, respectively. While solving for the hydrodynamic load capacity, the following pressure boundary conditions were used: Results and Discussion After establishing the theoretical model regarding the effect of the EDL on the hydrodynamic lubrication, NaCl solution was chosen as the

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• collected into a heparinized medical syringe. Lymphocytes were separated by centrifugation in a density gradient (Histopaque 1077, Sigma, USA) according to instructions of the manufacturer and washed twice: control lymphocytes in 0.15 M NaCl, lymphocytes that were intended for blast transformation reaction

• in RPMI 1640 medium. To induce the blast transformation the lymphocyte suspension was cultivated in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FBS and 1000 units/mL IL-2α at 37 °C for 20 h. After cultivation the cells were washed in 0.15 M NaCl. Aliquots of the suspension were used for cytological analysis to

• drug Сіs (0.01, 0.1 or 0.15 mg/mL) or the complex of C60 fullerene with Cis (Cis concentration was 0.1 or 0.15 mg/L, the C60 fullerene to Cis molar ratio was equal to 1:2.4) for 1.5 h at 37 °C, washed once in 0.15 M NaCl, and then used for the comet assay. Five to seven independent repeats of the

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

• Sebastian Koslowski,
• Daniel Rosenblatt,
• Alexander Kabakchiev,
• Klaus Kuhnke,
• Klaus Kern and
• Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

• metal [7]. For example, it has been shown that NaCl with a thickness of merely one to three atomic layers grown on a Cu(111) surface provides sufficient electronic decoupling between pentacene molecules and the metal surface [6]. The influence of the inert NaCl layer on the molecules is very small, as

• resolution, the tip is functionalized with a pentacene molecule, as has been shown for pentacene on NaCl [3] (Figure 4). The functionalization is achieved by positioning a metallic tip over the endpoint of the pentacene molecule. While monitoring the current, the tip is lowered until an abrupt change in the

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• found in wastewater such as Na2SO4, NaNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 or NaCl was also investigated (all these salts were used at a 10 mM concentration). Neither the adsorption of Orange II at the surface of the ZnO/ZCIS catalyst nor its photodegradation were significantly affected by the presence of these salts

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 400 mM NaCl, 1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM ZnCl2, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM Na2V03, 10 μL protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Mannheim, Germany) per mL) with 10−4 M DHT and an equivalent amount of ethanol in a control purification. The lysates were then centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000g

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• salt (e.g., 0.15 M NaCl) stabilizes the interaction between CR molecules and increases its supramolecularity [32]. Figure 3 presents the effect of addition of salt on the amount of CR bound to SWNTs (0.05 M pH 7.4 Tris/HCl buffer with no NaCl and at 0.145 M and 0.264 M NaCl) after 1 or 4 days of

• incubation at room temperature. In Figure 3, 100% equals the total amount of CR added to the sample (1 mL of 2 mg/mL CR added to 1 mg of SWNTs, followed by sonication and filtration, as described in the Experimental part). At low ionic strength (no NaCl) the interaction of CR with SWNTs is low – dispersion

• of SWNTs is not observed and there are no changes in the absorption spectrum of CR. At both 0.145 M and 0.264 M NaCl the efficiency of CR binding is high, but complexes are formed faster at the higher salt concentration. Congo red binding capacity of SWNTs Analysis of samples containing SWNT–CR

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• was induced with 500 µM IPTG at 16 °C for 16 h. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 6,000g for 10 min at 4 °C and lysed at 12 bar with two passes in a microfluidizer in 20 mL ice-cold lysis buffer (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl) per 1 L bacterial culture. Lysates were cleared by

• NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 1 M NaCl) and wash buffer II (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 20 mM imidazole). HTRA2 was eluted with 3 column volumes of elution buffer I (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazole) and elution buffer II (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole). Fractions

• ) per 1 L of expression culture that had been equilibrated with 40 column volumes of lysis buffer. The columns were then washed as described for the Ni-TED columns. Additionally, a third washing step with 40 column volumes of wash buffer III was included (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 70 mM

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• previously described [19]. Briefly, 0.1 mL of anti-IgG was reconstituted in Buph PBS (0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2) containing 10 mM EDTA. Then, 5 μL DTT (1 M) dissolved in Buph PBS/10 mM EDTA were added to the IgG solution. The samples were mixed and reacted on a rotator at room temperature

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• (reagent grade, Macrochem, Ukraine), NH4Cl, NaNO3, NaCl (chemically pure, Macrochem, Ukraine); HNO3, HCl, NaOH, EDTA - fixanal concentrates (Reahim, Ukraine); murexide (analytical grade, Reahim, Ukraine). Synthesis of nanoparticles The particles were produced by a single-step Stöber approach (for details