Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• and pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g. The cisplatin/CuFe2O4/HYPS nanoformulation showed the accumulation of copper ferrite nanoparticles on the surface and in the pores of HYPS with a surface area of 45 m2/g, pore size of 16 nm and pore volume of 0.18 cm3/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy

• ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The study showed the high cisplatin release capability and targeted anticancer efficiency demonstrated in vitro in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Materials

• . Copper ferrite and cisplatin functional groups were identified using FTIR using ATR technology (Perkin Elmer, USA). The morphological features of the nanoformulations were identified by SEM and TEM. The elemental distribution in the samples was investigated using SEM-EDS. SEM was performed using a JSM

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• -dispersive spectrometry (EDS) using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2100) were used to study the morphology, structure and elemental distributions of the samples. Elemental composition of the as-prepared materials and valence states of each element were

• is composed of interconnected nanoflakes (Figure 1b) with plenty of linked and wrinkled nanosheets (Figure 1c) can be observed. The TEM images of the Ni1−xCoxS2 nanosheets (Figure 1d–g) show a highly folded and contorted morphology, indicative of the ultrathin nature of these nanoflakes. The

• . Figure 1f also shows that Ni1−xCoxS2 is composed of nano-sized ultrathin crystal grown side by side. Lattice fringe spacings of around 0.28 and 0.19 nm, which can be indexed to the (002) and (113) planes of nickel–cobalt sulfide, respectively, were measured by using high-resolution TEM (HRTEM, Figure 1g

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• intensity distributions (Supporting Information File 1). Because of the limitation of the CONTIN algorithm used by this DLS analysis to determine a bimodal distribution of particle sizes [34], the predominance of small nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging (Figure 4

• the material R.I. = 1.465, which corresponds nearly to the refractive indices of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate Mn = 500 Da (R.I. = 1.467) as well as of the ε-caprolactone repeating units (R.I. = 1.463), as reported by the supplier (Sigma Aldrich). Transmission electron microscopy TEM images were

• acquired with a DeLong America LVEM5 microscope, equipped with a field-emission gun and operating at 5 kV. TEM samples were prepared by dropping 10 µL of sample (10 mg/mL in water) on a copper grid (400 mesh) placed on filter paper. The grid was left to dry overnight for evaporating the solvent

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• -ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku Industrial Corporation, Osaka, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å, operated at 40 kV and 100 mA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEM-2100, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) was used to characterize the morphology of the samples. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance

• the variation of c/a with RS/Ti will be discussed in detail in section below along with the XPS results. Figure 2 shows the TEM and HRTEM images of the 1-S0 (a, d), 2-S0 (b, e), and 2-S2 (c, f) samples. Obviously, the undoped 1-S0 sample synthesized at 180 °C is composed of square sheet-like particles

• [29]. For the samples synthesized at 250 °C, the TEM images (Figure 2b and Figure 2c) of the undoped 2-S0 and S-doped 2-S2 show that the edges and corners of some of the square particles become blurred. The HRTEM images (Figure 2e and Figure 2f) of the particles also exhibit lattice fringes associated

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• average size of the features/particles identified in the FESEM investigations. This is in line with our previous reports [68] on the TEM-detected crystallite size of kuramite nanopowder obtained via a similar solvothermal approach and with recent observations on kesterite synthesized by means of the same

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• catalysts were characterized to obtain quantitative information on properties such as crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystal size by laser diffraction, crystal morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore width by N2 sorption and Hg

• high crystallinity of Na,K-ETS-10 is further confirmed by TEM (Figure 6) demonstrating high order of the titanosilicate framework with parallel Ti nanowires showing no visible defects on the length scale of hundreds of nanometers. The spacing between adjacent nanowires showed good agreement with

• time with H2O2, respectively. This change results from the contribution of mesopores in the range of 5–40 nm formed during the treatment (see Figure 9B and Table 1). This is consistent with the TEM images of treated samples with clear identification of mesopores presented in Figure 10. It is worth

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• Figure 2 shows HRTEM micrographs of several individual nanoparticles identified as carbon quantum dots (CDots). We further diluted the stock solution for the HRTEM analysis in order to obtain the crystal structure of individual CDots avoiding possible agglomerations. As a consequence, the prepared TEM

• grid had a very low particle density and we could not obtain any statistical data on the particle size from the low-resolution TEM micrographs. The nanoparticles are mainly of between ≈4 nm and ≈10 nm in diameter, with an occasional presence of nanoparticles as large as 30 nm. The TEM micrograph

• light (left) and UV light (right) illumination. a) and b) General TEM micrographs of the green carbon quantum dot sample, showing the presence of small nanoparticles, and c–f) HRTEM micrographs of several individual nanoparticles identified as carbon quantum dots, where the 0.34 nm lattice spacing value

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters

• of which are given in Table 1. Au-CPMV particles imaged by TEM appeared smaller in size than in NTA and DLS measurements, because TEM measures the solid cores of the particles. Three different sizes of NPs were generated (50, 70 and 100 nm) by varying the amount of gold hydroxide. The Au-CPMV

• particles are listed in Table 1. The values are in accordance with the size observed from the TEM images and further confirms the narrow size distribution of the three types of Au-CPMV particles. The particle size measured by DLS is influenced by the substances adsorbed on the NP surface and by the

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• . The morphology and composition of the composite nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR, respectively. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical properties. Keywords: hydrogels; nanocapsules; photothermal delivery; poly(NIPAM); porous silver shells; Introduction

• microscopy (TEM). Figure 2a shows representative images of the THPC gold-seeded on pDADMAC-modified pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel core particles. The TEM measurements reveal high populations of THPC gold seeds uniformly distributed over the modified hydrogel surfaces. The images reveal the manner in which the

• particles are attached, consisting of individually separated particles on the surface. In addition to the hydrogel cores themselves being polydisperse, uneven drying of the particles under high-vacuum conditions in the TEM might further increase the polydispersity of the sample. Figure 2b shows a high

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal

• within the coherent X-ray scattering region, and the size can be slightly different from the values obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images of the nanoparticles are presented in Figure 2. The particle size distribution estimated from the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images is

• quite usual for spectra of nanoscale iron oxides. According to the XRD and TEM data, the iron oxide in the sample adopted a cubic spinel crystal structure, which is characteristic of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). In these crystals, iron ions occupy two nonequivalent sites, tetrahedral (A

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• (TEM) operating at 120 kV. High-resolution bright-field imaging was carried out with a FEI Titan TEM operating at 300 kV. Catalytic activity was obtained in the following manner: To 1.0 mL distilled water, 5 μL of fresh 10−2 M 4-nitrophenol solution and 0.5 mL of 50 μg/mL catalyst suspension was added

• nm. TEM micrographs of the pure metal samples are presented in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1 [20]). The combination of the Rh and Ag colloids at a 1:1 loading ratio resulted in Rh NP groupings adsorbing to Ag nanostructures, as seen in Figure 1, forming heterostructures. The NP groupings

• were found to only adsorb to concavities. The 1:1 Ag–Pt system formed similar heterostructures. A series of HR-TEM images confirming the atomic makeup of the heterostructures is reported in Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). UV–vis absorption spectra of the monometallic and mixed colloids are

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• below 100 nm and negative charges will be more suitable for lung cancer treatment. The morphology of the DiP and P2P was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Figure 3C,D). P2P and DiP demonstrated roughly homogeneous rod shapes in TEM but showed spherical

• morphology in AFM. The particle size measured by AFM/TEM was larger than the particle size measured by DLS. Because of the low zeta potential values of the prepared phytosomes, the electrostatic effects between the particles are too weak to maintain the shape. The large size measured from AFM and TEM might

• be attribute to the coalescence of particles during drying. According to the literature, phytosomes will display micellar shapes in aqueous solution [37]. The spherical phytosomes may probably coagulate into rods in the drying step during TEM sample preparation. From the DLS and TEM measurements, the

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• TEM. As shown in Figure 2d, Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a size of about 50 nm are distributed evenly on the CNTs. The high-resolution TEM image (Figure 2e) indicates an interplanar spacing of 0.295 nm, corresponding to the (220) plane of Fe2O3 (JCPDS Card No. 25-1402). The EDX spectrum confirms the

• transport but also help the electrons transfer because of the excellent conductivity of CNTs. In the detailed image of CC-CNT@NiO shown in Figure 5c, the NiO nanoparticles adhered to CNT can be seen. The HR-TEM image in Figure 5d yields an interplanar spacing of 0.202 nm corresponding to the (012) plane of

• -SEM, Hitachi S-4800) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F30) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Crystal structures were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips, X’pert Pro, Cu Kα, 0.154056 nm). The vibrational information of chemical bonds of samples was

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• 3317 cm−1, indicating the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between C-WY molecules in the hydrogel (Figure 1B). Further characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to inspect the morphology of the hydrogel (Figure 1C,D). The fibers in

• of CDPs can be valuable candidates for applications in harsh environments. CDP-based supramolecular hydrogels. (A) The structure of C-WY and a photo of the C-WY hydrogel. (B) FTIR spectra of C-WY powder and the C-WY hydrogel. (C) SEM and (D) TEM images of the C-WY hydrogel. Interior structure and

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• consequential interface characteristics and its effect on the photocurrent spectra. Keywords: grazing incidence XRD (GIXRD); high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS); HRTEM; magnetron sputtering; photocurrent spectra; SiGe nanocrystals in SiO2/SiGe/SiO2 multilayers; STEM-HAADF; TEM; Introduction

• amorphous but with crystalline regions (nanoparticles) (as seen in TEM images later in Figure 5a and Figure 5c). With increased annealing temperature, peaks corresponding to the (111), (220) and (311) planes get sharper and narrower as a sign of increased crystallinity of the SiGe layer. Moreover, a small

• magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing. A TEM analysis discussed below will elaborate on the observed nanostructure. Figure 3 shows the X-ray reflectometry (XRR) plot for as-deposited and annealed MLs. An increase in the mass density of SiGe (3.55 to 4.17 g/cm3) with increased annealing temperature was

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• solvent B was 0.09% trifluoroacetic acid with 80% acetonitrile solution. The peptide conjugation efficiency was calculated according to the following formula: Characterization of PEG-SPIONs The morphological shape of the PNPs was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (H-600, Hitachi, Japan

• NHS group of DSPE-PEG-NHS through the amino group. The resultant PNP nanoprobe was characterized by TEM and DLS. As observed by TEM, the SPIONs suspended in hexane (Figure 1a (left)) had a diameter of approximately 15 nm and the PNPs (Figure 1a (right)) had a diameter of approximately 60 nm. The mean

• size of whole clusters was around 100 nm, which is much larger than the diameter as determined by TEM. This discrepancy might be due to nanoprobe cluster formation in water. Nanoparticles of diameter around 110 nm can successfully escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• granules aggregated with each other, and the size of each granule ranged from 100 to 300 nm. A TEM image of the COP-100 solution in EDA treated for a few seconds at 100 °C (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) shows that COP-100 granules were torn apart and separated from each other. In addition, the

• -100. A typical COP-100 solution with 50 equiv EDA, showing a clear red color (Figure 3b), could be easily mixed and diluted with ethanol (Figure 3c). When the diluted polymer solution was analyzed with TEM, separated polymer nanoparticles were observed showing an average size of 115.7 ± 40.8 nm

• , (g) 3 min, and (h) 5 min (scale bar = 10 μm). Effect of amine equivalence in solubilizing COP-100. (a) COP-100 dissolved in 8 equivalent EDA which precipitated by the addition of ethanol, (b) COP-100 dissolved in 50 equivalent EDA, and (c) diluted solution of (b) in ethanol. (d) TEM image of COP-100

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• °C. Niosome morphology The morphological examination of the prepared niosomes was determined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Briefly, carbon-coated copper grids (400 mesh, agar scientific) were glow discharged in air for 30 seconds. Sample solution (3 µL) was drop-cast on the grids and

• were then negatively stained using uranyl acetate. Each sample was allowed to dry afterwards in a dust-free environment prior to TEM imaging. The dried samples were then imaged using a JEOL JEM-1200EX TEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Determination of curcumin

• the empty SP80 niosomes decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from ca. 142 to ca. 70 nm by increasing the FRR from 1:1 to 3:1. These results confirm our previous studies describing niosome preparation by microfluidic mixing the same types of surfactants [12][14]. Niosome morphology TEM was used to

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• light scattering (ELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The obtained results showed that the molar ratio of reactants was more important for the successful preparation of stable NPs than all other parameters and experimental conditions. With regard to using CYS as a stabilizing

• NP stability, as the NPs are generally considered electrostatically stabilized when the absolute values of the zeta potential exceed 30 mV [70]. The size distribution of all NPs was bimodal and the AgNPs were generally smaller than the AuNPs (Table 1). TEM experiments showed a spherical shape for all

• . The obtained NPs were carefully characterized by means of size distribution and surface charge employing dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) methods. The visualization of the NPs was performed using TEM. The most stable AuNPs and AgNPs with similar physico

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• pretreatment with the nanoformulation resulted in significantly reduced heme oxygenase upregulation as compared to control samples, suggesting a protective effect provided by the nanoparticles. Keywords: α-tocopherol; cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM); dermocosmetics; HO-1; nanostructured

• dust by washing with detergent and rinsing twice with water for injections. The measurements were made in triplicate at 25 °C at an angle of 90°, and the data were interpreted using the “CONTIN” method [38]. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) analysis The samples were vitrified as

• e/nm2 at 200 kV. The images were digitally recorded by a CCD camera (Ultrascan 1000, Gatan) using an image processing system (GMS 1.9 software, Gatan). In addition, the size distribution of the nanoparticles was performed by measuring 1000 nanoparticles for each cryo-TEM image by the digital

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] selectively yields small intermetallic Ni/Ga nanocrystals of 5 ± 1 nm as derived from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy

• at 230 °C, a black powder was obtained after 10 min. The TEM measurements show spherical and non-aggregated nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution of 3.0 ± 0.5 nm (Figure 1). To validate the intermetallic 1:1 NiGa phase of the obtained nanoparticles, powder X-ray diffraction pattern (P-XRD) or

• selected-area energy diffraction (SAED) are required. Presumably, due to the small size of the nanoparticles, these measurements yielded no diffractograms. Therefore, the nanoparticles can only be described as non-crystalline or amorphous. Quantification of EDX spectra from three different spots on the TEM

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• peaks at 572.7 eV (3d5/2) and 582.9 eV (3d3/2), respectively, corresponding to W–Te bonds (Figure 1b right in red) [27]. The crystalline parameters of WTe2 were further studied through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where a typical high-resolution TEM image displayed in Figure 1c shows the

• photodetectors. Conclusion In summary, with the combination of XPS spectroscopy, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, ADRDM and angle-resolved electrical measurements, we successfully revealed the in-plane optical and electrical anisotropy of 2D layered 1T’-WTe2. Furthermore, we presented the highly anisotropic

• covered with 285 nm of SiO2 for Raman spectroscopy, ADRDM and electrical characterization. The substrate had pre-patterned alignment grids and 12 electrodes (20 nm Gr/180 nm Au). XPS analysis was performed on a VG Scientific ESCALAB 250 device. The TEM images and SAED patterns were performed with on a FEI

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• distribution of Ti and O elements (Figure 3b). In addition, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of TiO2 shows the nanoporous architecture with dark nanowires and bright nanopores (Figure 3c). On the other hand, the SEM and TEM images of the as-prepared TiO2/GO composite show that the surface of

• nanoporous TiO2 has been completely wrapped by wrinkled GO nanosheets (Figure 3d and 3e). As displayed in the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images (Figure 3f and 3g), the TiO2/GO composite reveals no clear lattice fringe for TiO2, indicating poor crystallinity. It is clear that the GO sheets have a flake-like

• structure with wrinkles and folds, which is in line with previous works [39]. The EDS elemental mapping of titanium, oxygen and carbon provide additional evidence to further show the GO uniform distribution on the TiO2 particle, as shown in Figure 3i–k. Moreover, based on the Raman and TEM results, the TiO2

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• the final, hollow nanostructures. This thermal treatment produced a change of color to white (Figure 2d), which was associated with the change of the TiO2 crystalline structure. Furthermore, as Figure 2h and Figure 3a–d show, SEM and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images confirmed that the

• spherical morphology was maintained after the calcination treatment. Specifically, TEM images of CSTiO2 also evidenced the presence of holes in the walls of some nanostructures, which were likely produced due to the thermal degradation and release of the PVP polymeric backbone. In general, the thermal

• treatment at 600 °C did not generate enough pressure to break the nanosphere wall because of the double protection offered by the internal layer with Al2O3 and external layer with TiO2. TEM analysis also revealed that the total thickness obtained was approximately 16.8 nm after both ALD processes were

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• up to approx. 100 mg of MCPA per gram of sepiolite (see Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Figure 3 shows images obtained by FE-SEM and TEM from the neat sepiolite and from the hybrid nanoarchitectures. The FE-SEM images show that the sepiolite fibers appear covered and compacted after the

• coprecipitation process to produce the corresponding nanoarchitecture. The aspect of the as prepared material and the material recovered after the intercalation of MCPA in the LDH component does not vary significantly. This fact is confirmed by TEM (Figure 3E,F), where it is possible to distinguish the presence

• materials. In addition, FE-SEM and TEM images (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1) show that the starting LDH and the MCPAie-LDH material exhibit small and uniform particles around 100 nm in diameter. MCPA-LDH/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures prepared via coprecipitation MCPA-LDH intercalation