Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• fluids [117][118]. A recent study has proven that synthetic changes made to the surface of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes can influence their characteristics, substantially impacting cell contacts and antibacterial activity. As a result, antibiotic drugs combined with a surface-modified TiO2-based drug

• delivery system in synthetic bone implants can stimulate bone regeneration while preventing bacterial infection. Furthermore, coating materials containing TiO2 can help drug stabilisation producing a long-term drug release profile [119]. The electrochemical anodization process was used by Lai et al. (2018

• ) to create TiO2 nanotubes. Naringin was also dropped directly into TiO2 nanotubes, which were then subsequently covered with chitosan layers. There was a long-term release of naringin from the system. In vitro biological tests on osteoblasts revealed that the cells were viable and alkaline phosphatase

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• photogenerated charges and resultant photocatalytic activity [26]. Up to date, a few semiconductors such as ZnO [39], TiO2 [19] and g-C3N4 [40] have been employed to construct heterojunctions with MIL101(Fe). The abovementioned MIL101-based heterojunctions are all traditional heterojunctions which promote the

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• LiAlSi glasses [28] and TiO2 [29]. In one of our previous studies [30] we investigated the growth dynamics of nanodots on various metal surfaces (Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, and Mo) under focused EB irradiation in an SEM vacuum chamber. Similar to the previously discussed study, an influence of the surface material

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• ., published by Elsevier, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Schematic illustrations and SEM images of Prussian blue single crystals encapsulating various kinds of networks: (a) TiO2 networks, (b) reduced

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• Zehao Lin Zhan Yang Jianguo Huang Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.13.66 Abstract A series of Bi2WO6/TiO2-nanotube (Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT) heterostructured composites were

• prepared by utilizing natural cellulose (e.g., laboratory filter paper) as the structural template. The obtained nanoarchitectonics, namely Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites, displayed three-dimensionally interwoven structures which replicated the initial cellulose template. The composite Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT

• nanotubes were formed by TiO2 nanotubes that uniformly anchored with Bi2WO6 nanoparticles of various densities on the surface. The composites exhibited improved photocatalytic activities toward the reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of rhodamine B under visible light (λ > 420 nm), which were attributed to

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• nanoribbons doped with silver nanoparticles, rGO doped with ZrO2, and CuO–TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were proposed to detect methyl parathion [19][20][21][22]. Rajaji et al. (2019) modified glassy carbon electrodes with graphene oxide encapsulated 3D porous chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) nanocomposites to detect

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• . The tip was cleaned by Ar+ sputtering (0.8 keV, 5 × 10−7 Torr, 5 min) to remove the contaminants and the native oxide layer. We used a rutile TiO2(110) sample to demonstrate the AC-KPFM. TiO2 is one of the promising photocatalytic materials [38][39][40] and has been widely studied using AFM and KPFM

• [41][42][43][44]. Rutile TiO2 has a bandgap of 3.0 eV [45] and shows the SPV under UV illumination [46][47][48]. A clean rutile TiO2(110) surface (Crystal Base) was prepared by several cycles of Ar+ sputtering (1 keV, 1 × 10−6 Torr, 15 min) and annealing (993 K, less than 2 × 10−10 Torr, 30 min

• disappeared in the spectrum of Δf (Figure 2b). Here, we cannot determine the polarity of the SPV because the phase for the lock-in amplifier was adjusted to maximize the absolute value of the demodulated output. We note that the response time of SPV on the rutile TiO2(110) surface is intrinsically

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• Boxiang Zhuang Honglong Shi Honglei Zhang Zeqian Zhang School of Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong guancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China 10.3762/bjnano.13.52 Abstract We report in this work that sodium doping of brookite TiO2 effectively

• enhances its photocatalytic activity, which becomes three times higher than that of the quasi-spherical brookite TiO2. The results demonstrated that the sodium-doped brookite NaxTi1−xO2 can be stable up to 500 °C. At 600°C, the sodium in the brookite precipitates in the form of Na2CO3, and above 700 °C

• ; Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively studied for many potential applications in the environmental and energy fields, such as treatment of polluted water [1][2], air purification [3][4], and water splitting [5][6]. In recent years, the interest in the brookite phase of TiO2 has been

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• and respectable efficiency [1]. This promising third generation of solar cells contains a dye-adsorbed TiO2 photoanode, an iodide/triiodide electrolyte, and a platinum-based cathode, also known as the counter electrode (CE). However, the high cost of platinum has prevented the real-world application of

• is associated with the reduction of I3− at the cathode (CE/electrolyte), while the second one in the low-frequency region is attributed to electron transport in the TiO2 film in the back reaction at the TiO2/electrolyte interface (TiO2/dye/electrolyte). EIS data were fitted using an equivalent

• -circuit model including the series resistances of electrolyte and FTO substrate (Rs) and the charge-transfer resistances on the CE/electrolyte and TiO2/dye/electrolyte interfaces (Rct1 and Rct2) associated with the corresponding constant phase elements (CPE1 and CPE2) as described in Figure 6 (Figure 6

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• shapes used for SERS applications, as well as spherical ZnO nanoparticles [8] are given in Figure 1. Combination of ZnO nanostructures with noble metals The use of inexpensive semiconducting materials, such as wide-bandgap ZnO or TiO2, for SPR-based substrates has gained increased attention in recent

• similar conclusion with 3% doping of TiO2 NPs with Zn, using 4-MBA as analyte. Fluorescence applications of ZnO-based nanostructures Photoluminescence enhancement of ZnO nanostructures ZnO nanomaterials present a wide bandgap of (3.3–3.7 eV) and a high excitation binding energy of 60 meV, which gives them

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• ., Co2O3, TiO2, NiO, and Fe2O3). SEM images of copper oxide samples. (a, b) General view and morphology of a CuO film obtained by thermal oxidation on a copper wire; (c, d) general view of a copper wire with CuO layer obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation; (e) 3D flower-like nanostructured formations

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• (carbon nanotubes (CNT), SnO2, TiO2) materials in a gas sensors based on nanocomposite layers with good sensitivity, temperature stability, reversibility, which was operating at room temperature. Herein, we extended our study by applying other nanocomposite sensing layers, namely PANI/ZnO, PANI/WO3

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• (TiO2) nanotubes have recently attracted widespread attention in the biomedical field due to the great biocompatibility, large specific surface area, and the provision of an inner space capable of being filled with drugs and bioactive molecules [139][140]. Recently, TiO2 nanotubes have been introduced

• as potential candidates for bone TE due to osteoblast attachment and corrosion resistance [141]. Wan et al. used bacterial cellulose as a template to synthesize calcined mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes and constructed a nanotube-based scaffold using a template-assisted sol–gel method [142]. In addition to

• enhancing the ALP activity and mineralization, the scaffold showed improved cell proliferation. Khoshroo et al. fabricated a 3D PCL/TiO2 sintered microsphere scaffold, which improved the mechanical and biological properties for bone TE purposes [143]. Moreover, the results showed that the presence of TiO2

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• ]. The most commonly used material in resistive switching devices is TiO2−x [33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition to the oxide layers, the material used for metal electrodes plays another crucial role in the resistive switching mechanism. Usually, materials such as Au, Ag, Ni, Ti, W, TiN, or ITO are used

• conductivity of the prepared gradient thin film. The p-type of electrical conduction is often reported for Cu2O (or CuO)-based thin films, while TiO2 is an n-type oxide [46][47]. In the case of the prepared mixed (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film, the result obtained clearly testifies that holes are the major charge

• oxidation state +4 of titanium present at the surface. The ratio between the areas of the Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 peaks is equal to 2:1, which confirms the presence of stoichiometric TiO2 at the surface of (Ti0.48Cu0.52)Ox thin film. Furthermore, the O 1s spectrum (Figure 6c) was deconvoluted into three peaks

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• systems for theranostic purposes. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide/titania/TiO2) has garnered considerable attention as one of the most extensively studied metal oxides in clinical applications. Owing to the unique properties of titania, such as photocatalytic activity, excellent biocompatibility

• review aims to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of TiO2-based nanotherapeutics and the corresponding future challenges. Keywords: clinical application; nanostructures; physicochemical; theranostics; titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Nanomaterials can be described as any organic

• that they can circulate freely through the circulatory system and can penetrate tissues. Recently, TiO2 has received substantial recognition as one of the most extensively studied inorganic metal oxides in clinical research due to its unique nanosized features, intrinsic properties, biocompatibility

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• 50% glycerol. 97% of the dye removal efficiency of the membrane was maintained even after five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles [79]. Hou et al. added the photoactivity of TiO2 into a hybrid membrane of PVA, PAA, and carboxyl-functionalized GO to degrade organic dyes by photocatalytic

• degradation. The membrane displayed an efficient photocatalytic capacity for MB, CR, and RhB [80]. Although TiO2 is abundant and inexpensive, it only converts to UV part of sunlight, which is only 5% of the solar energy. This makes the use of TiO2 impractical. To counter this drawback Liu and co-workers

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• , surface engineering, heterojunction construction, co-catalyst, which will be thoroughly outlined in this review. Structure and bandgap SnO2 has a crystal structure similar to that of rutile TiO2 [41][42]. The unit cell parameters of rutile SnO2 are a = b = 0.47374 nm and c = 0.31864 nm [43]. In one unit

• SnO2 microspheres exhibited a photocatalytic activity towards NO decomposition comparable to that of commercial P25 TiO2. Specifically, SnO2 microspheres can degrade 57.2% NO (1 ppm of initial concentration) under solar light. However, the photocatalytic mechanism of NO degradation has not been

• ]. Huy et al. [38] hydrothermally synthesized SnO2 NPs adhering to TiO2 nanotubes (SnO2/TNTs) via a facile one-step method for the photocatalytic abatement of NO under visible light (Figure 9). At a NO concentration of 450 ppb in a continuous flow, SnO2/TNTs yields a photocatalytic degradation of NO of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• publications, besides Ti+, molecules such as TiN+ or TiO+ and TiO2+ but also reactive gas molecules, atoms, and ions (N2, N2+, N+) were detected in the gas phase. Interestingly, AuO molecules were observed when sputtering Au in an Ar/O2 mixture [65], highlighting the rich gas-phase chemistry of sputtering

• sols and analogous systems, for example, AgCl, BaSO4, and TiO2 NPs [85][91]. The main problem of generalizing the La Mer mechanism to other systems is that homogeneous nucleation does not always take place in a supersaturated solution [89]. For example, transition-metal NPs can nucleate and grow from

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was

• was conducted at 200 °C. The second kind of dielectric layer was TiO2. It was prepared by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering using an Omicron Nanotechnology four targets sputter system. A Ti target (99.9%) was sputtered in an argon–oxygen atmosphere (Ar/O2 flow ratio: 5 sccm:30 sccm

• , both gasses from Air Products, 99.999%). The used RF power of 60 W resulted in the deposition with a ratio ca. 0.1 Å/s. Luminescent TiO2:Eu or TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Metallic Ti–Eu (99.9%) or Te–Eu (99.9%) mosaic targets with a diameter of 50.8 mm were sputtered for

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• , carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrous oxide, and ethanol (Figure 10e,f) at 250 °C. The estimated fractal dimensions were 1.82 for the pore network and 1.72 for the foam sensor. Titanium oxide-based fractals Fusco et al. modified dielectric titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with fractal structure with a

• plasmonic gold (Au) metasurface for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [49]. This modification enhanced the plasmonic field and local surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). The influence of the gold nanodisk diameter and the average thickness of the TiO2 fractal on LSPR sensing of VOCs, specifically

• regions resulting in decreased sensitivity. Figure 11a and Figure 11b show, respectively, a SEM image and the scaling factor with fractal dimension D = 1.75 of the TiO2 fractals. Sabri et al. synthesized a TiO2 structure referred to as soot-derived TiO2 layers (ST) [73]. These were formed on a Pt

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• a uniform thin film. Some of the commonly used polymers and metal oxides for ETL are PBD, PBD-PMMA, BND, ZnO, SnO2, and TiO2 [69][70][71]. Improvements in the device performance have been reported, when using polymer–MWNT nanocomposite-based ETL. For example, Fournet et al. have investigated the

• as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2 in combination with Ag, Au, and PtNP has shown increment in the luminance and reduction in the operating voltages of the devices. For several decades, inorganic LED based on III–V group semiconductors (i.e., GaAs, GaP, InGaAs, InGaP, GaN, InGaN, and AlGaInP) have been extensively

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• TiO2 [23], ZnO [24], and Co [25]. For ZnO, Bamiduro et al. had also found a merging process after stacks of several nanoplatelets formed [24]. Samples obtained after 2 h and 5 h, respectively (see Figure S1b and S1c in Supporting Information File 1), showed no visible difference to the sample obtained

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• [25], Copyright © 2021 Zheng et al., licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Movement of TiO2/Pt microrobots. (A) Snapshot images of a TiO2/Pt microrobot moving in a solution of 0.5 wt % H2O2 and 0.1 wt % surfactant. Scale

• bars: 10 μm. (B) Speed of the TiO2/Pt microrobots at different concentrations of H2O2 (n = 10; error bars represent the standard deviation). Reproduced from [42], Copyright © 2020 Villa et al., licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• to the human body or the environment caused by other materials such as lead. In addition, Gopal et al. [48] pointed out that boron exhibits diamagnetic properties in B-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and showed photocatalytic activity in the visible-light range. Magnetic MNRs were applied to the

• chemical field, and preparation and characterization of B–TiO2 photocatalytic particles were carried out by using these diamagnetic nanoparticles. The research on magnetic nanoparticles will expand the application range of MNRs and promote the common development of different fields. Other nanoparticles