Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• accomplished by a hydraulic sensor. Electrode processing ZFO nanoparticle electrodes were prepared by casting a water slurry containing 79 wt % ZFO, 11 wt % Super C65 carbon black additive (Timcal) and 10 wt % Selvol 425 poly(vinyl alcohol) (Sekisui) onto Cu foil (Gould Electronics), followed by drying in

• unaffected by the polymer binder, carbon additive, electrolyte and separator residues, the electrodes were used as is, thus ensuring minimal effects from cell disassembly. In the present work, two electrodes of the same batch but at different lithiation states were investigated. The “pristine” electrode was

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• to 15.5 cm3·mol−1 for sulfur) [12]. This can lead to the loss of electrical contact of Li2S with the conducting additive or the current collector [9]. Cathode materials composed of porous carbon and sulfur show promising results with regard to overcoming these problems. Thus, a lot of research has

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• proceeds through the formation of a 2,6,14-TPA–succinimidyl ester intermediate. A catalytic amount of hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) was used as additive for the facile formation of the activated ester [49]. A calculated amount of ssDNA (S1) was added to the activated ester in the second step. An excess of 5

Nanoscale effects in the characterization of viscoelastic materials with atomic force microscopy: coupling of a quasi-three-dimensional standard linear solid model with in-plane surface interactions

• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 554–571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.49

• ] relating stress and strain, focus is placed on the Maxwell arm, which contains spring k2 and damper c (see Figure 1). It should be noted that the stress in this Maxwell arm, σm, is the same for both of its elements because they are in series: In contrast, the strain is additive: The above equation can be

• rewritten as Since the Maxwell arm in the SLS model is in parallel with spring k1, the strain of the Maxwell arm and of the spring k1 is the same, but the stresses are additive: Differentiating Equation 10 gives Solving for in Equation 8 and substituting it into Equation 11, along with the time derivative

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• additive nanoscale patterning. Additional advantages are provided by this material when considering the possible loading of bioactive drugs in the porous cavities. Keywords: anodization; dental implants; nanopores; surface treatment; titania; Introduction Titanium (Ti) is the standard material used for

• different processing times of the subsequent anodization (1 and 10 min). The presence of Mg was confirmed by means of SEM and EDS. In Figure 6 representative SEM micrographs of the implant surfaces after anodization with the Mg additive at an intermediate magnification (1,000×) are shown. In Figure 6a, it

• could be trapped within the flow of the other anions. An example of EDS chemical mapping is presented in Figure 7. It appears that all the elemental species of interest, namely Ti, P from the electrolyte phosphate and Mg additive, are evenly distributed over the surface (and the same is for O, not shown

Thermoelectricity in molecular junctions with harmonic and anharmonic modes

• Bijay Kumar Agarwalla,
• Jian-Hua Jiang and
• Dvira Segal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2129–2139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.218

• of an upward (excitation) and a downward (de-excitation) rates between vibrational states. The rates are additive in the two baths, and obey the relation . They are given by Equation 10 [7][43]. The rates kd and ku are evaluated from these expressions at λ = 0; fν(ε) = [exp(βν(ε− μν)) + 1]−1 is the

• , path integral simulations indicted that in the D–A model, coherent and the incoherent contributions are approximately additive [8]. (iii) Strong electron-phonon interaction. The CGFs (Equation 6 and Equation 7) are exact to all orders in the metal–molecule hybridization but perturbative (to the lowest

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• polymers and PEG of various molecular weights leads to materials with significantly different release kinetics of PEGs. These basic findings on relationships between PEG size and polymer structure on release kinetics were done in respect that even PEG serves as additive compound it has main effect on the

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• conductive additive and a coating agent, which prevents the agglomeration of the hydride particles during grinding. A detailed study of the effect of mechanical milling on the physical/chemical and electrochemical properties compared to AB5 alloys is available in [34]. Figure 15 shows the evolution of the

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• nanotechnology-based consumer products in the home may, in some cases, lead to multiple exposures from a combination of nanomaterial compositions. These results suggest the need to examine nanomaterial toxicity effects that could be synergistic, additive, or even antagonistic. Nanomaterial location About 29% of

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• –melamine with (R2)2–melamine of about 10 °C suggests the formation of a linear assembly upon annealing. As reported, an increase of the number of sticky-end association results in an increase in melting temperature, which is attributed to the additive effect [29][30]. In this case, a simple annealing of

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Simulation tool for assessing the release and environmental distribution of nanomaterials

• Haoyang Haven Liu,
• Muhammad Bilal,
• Anastasiya Lazareva,
• Arturo Keller and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.97

• before and after the introduction of the fuel additive with MendNano simulation results. Monitoring the results showed that following the introduction of Envirox (a CeO2 ENM-based diesel fuel combustion catalyst) to a bus fleet in the Newcastle area, the ambient CeO2 concentration increased by a factor

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• ] and 0.648 Ω∙cm [53] have been reported for as-grown and annealed films, respectively. We therefore claim that the use of the biological additive hyaluronic acid can improve the electrical conductivity and the general quality of zinc oxide films grown with CBD processes. Conclusion This study describes

Influence of spurious resonances on the interaction force in dynamic AFM

• Luca Costa and
• Mario S. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 420–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.42

• the whole system has a specific transfer function, and assuming only that all the forces involved are additive. However, one should note that if we talk of the interaction stiffness, ki, this contains the implicit assumption that the interaction force, Fi, in the vicinity of the tip oscillation can be

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• additive. Thus, the linewidth consists of the sum of the contributions from the homogeneous and radiative widths and those originating from bulk, surface and interface effects [41]: In this sum the three latter terms can be neglected, being much smaller than the prominent radiative and homogeneous

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• ]. The same is true under very acidic conditions. However, 29Si HR NMR measurements (Figure 1) of sodium metasilicate solutions without any additive reveal that the state of the silicic acid is different for the basic (pH 12.5) and the acidic environment (pH 1.95). In the basic environment, the signals

• the sodium metasilicate solutions strongly enhances the absorbance at pH 6.8. That means the polyamine additive pronouncedly accelerates the aggregation process, which can be explained by the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged PAH and negative surface charges of higher silica

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• called shot noise, cannot be described properly as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which is independent of the signal. A more generic noise model of the form: has to be used, in which ηp(x) ~ P(y(x)) is a Poisson-distributed signal-dependent component, scaled by a constant α > 0 and ηG(x) a

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• lubricant [75] and as an additive to the oil Krytox 143AB, where the aim was to improve the lubricating lifetime for space applications [76]. In the following years, several reports were published on the characterization of the tribological properties of CNO materials, produced through different methods [77

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• as shown in this paper represent the original raw data, unless otherwise indicated. Statistics OriginPro 8.6G (OriginLab Corporation, Additive GmbH, Friedrichsdorf, Germany) was used for data handling and statistics. Data from 5 measurements (120 measured values) in the time interval prior to the

Probing viscoelastic surfaces with bimodal tapping-mode atomic force microscopy: Underlying physics and observables for a standard linear solid model

• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1649–1663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.176

• not replace that of the first eigenfrequency, but rather their effects are additive. The effect of the low-frequency oscillation on the surface is always present to the same degree. Therefore, the average surface relaxation distance (distance between the approach and retract tip–sample force minima in

• compares the trends in dissipated energy as a function of A2 for the three cases analyzed in Figures 5–7. It shows that the trend for the real case lies in between the results of the prescribed trajectories with constant penetration and the prescribed trajectories of additive penetration for the two

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• (methanol, 48 h). The purified products were dried at 40 °C for 24 h in a vacuum oven. Samples are labeled CPXy, where X = NaOH or GAA (glacial acetic acid) indicates the additive and y = 24 or 48 indicates the reaction time, 24 or 48 h. For example, CPNaOH24 is a sample grown in the presence of NaOH for 24

• . 57–83%). Both EA and TGA therefore indicate that the mineralization in the presence of GAA is more effective in the sense that the fraction of inorganic is higher with the GAA additive than with NaOH. Both TGA and EA also show that, not surprisingly, the organic content in the hybrid materials

• on sample architecture, crystal phase, crystal organization, and sample homogeneity. SEM (Figures 2, 4, 5) and TEM (Figure 6) show that the additive, GAA vs NaOH, has a dramatic influence on the sample morphology. In the presence of GAA very uniform and highly organized nanoscale hybrid materials are

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• towards hydrolysis turned out to be more efficient catalysts than platinum. Thiourea, a known hydrogen evolution inhibitor, was also used as an additive to increase the coulombic efficiency [181]. Nanoporous gold electrodes prepared by extracting Ag from an AgAu alloy catalyze the oxidation of AB at a

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• and drug carriers [10][15]. Amorphous silica is registered as a food additive within the EU, named also E551, and therefore it is already widely used in various consumer products [9][10][15]. The assessment of amorphous silica being non-toxic is mostly based on the testing of micrometer-sized bulk

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• coating and DI water. The interface of the layers will have a tendency to be electrostatically charged. When the applied voltage has an opposite polarity, the charging is additive. As a result, there will be a discharge current [77] which may lead to a damage of the brittle PS coating. To avoid the damage

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• convertor [2][3], as additives in UO2 fuel rods for nuclear reactors [2], and as an additive in ZrO2 to enhance its toughness [3][4]. Gd2O3 has several potential applications in biomedicine, too. For example, it is used in magnetic resonance imaging, since it exhibits superparamagnetism and involves T1