Influence of an external electric field on the catalytic CO oxidation of nanoscaled CeO₂ and its La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ congeners

• Parastoo Jamshidi,
• Silvio Heinschke and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1028–1038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.70

• reduced. Doping ceria with various cations influences this general mechanism and changes the energy of the defects and their accessibility, as well as migration energy and migration pathways of mobile ions within the structure [18][21]. With respect to gas adsorption on the surface of ceria this situation

• adsorption on the sample (light circles). nCeO2 showed ICO of 1.40 g−1 and the doping process increased the value up to 2.00 g−1. ICO shows a plateau after 60 min from the beginning of the reaction for all different catalysts, under applied potential conditions as well as without electric potential. Although

• experiments The custom-built gas adsorption device consists of sample cell, volume cell, circulation pump, and IR measurement cell, which are interconnected by stainless-steel tubes (6 mm), valves (Swagelok® SS-6P4T-MM-8K), and Swagelok® fittings [37]. The process was conducted under ambient conditions and

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• ions, along with their differential adsorption on specific crystal facets, plays a decisive role in governing the nucleation-to-growth ratio. The ultrasonic irradiation time required to obtain these high yields was highly variable and significantly influenced overall process. This demonstrates that nHA

• Section III of Supporting Information File 1. The adsorption of a substrate onto the nanoparticle surface within a biological environment is governed by factors such as hydrophobicity, chemical structure, and particle size. In this study, this parameter is of critical importance as it directly influences

• ). This apparent discrepancy, far from being contradictory, demonstrates a consistent correlation with the nature of the nanomaterials synthesized via sonochemistry. Such differences are typical for this synthesis method, where high surface roughness and internal porosity detected through gas adsorption

Development of Protium heptaphyllum essential oil-loaded nanocapsules: experimental design and biological activity

• Debora Freitas Silva,
• Kaidy Giselle Orellana,
• Allessya Lara Dantas Formiga,
• Jin Wang,
• Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade,
• Aline Collares Valente Pinheiro,
• Maria Izabel de Jesus,
• Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna,
• Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira,
• Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira,
• Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior,
• Emmanuel Abraham Ho and
• Marcele Fonseca Passos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 974–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.67

• . Since this method may be affected by adsorption or retention phenomena within the filtration membrane, Microcon® devices with Ultracel® regenerated cellulose membranes (low-binding, hydrophilic) were utilized to minimize nonspecific interactions with lipophilic compounds. Recovery tests were performed

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• film composed of materials such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide, CNTs or conducting polymers (Figure 1j) [11][98][99][100][101][102]. Adsorption or complexation of ions alters the film’s resistance, producing a measurable signal. Selectivity arises from the chemical modification of the sensing

• . In the case of chemiresistors, the channel should also offer a large accessible surface area to maximize adsorption-induced conductance change. In addition, it should be engineered to operate near the percolation threshold, where charge transport is dominated by a small number of critical junctions

• , thereby enabling high transduction gain from small adsorption events [106]. The active layer of an electrochemical electrode should provide high electrochemical activity with efficient ion and electron transport, ensuring fast charge/discharge kinetics. It must also maintain chemical stability and

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• , aromatic surface ideally suited for the non-covalent adsorption of flat aromatic molecular catalysts through complementary π–π and C–H···π interactions [8][16]. D) Ruthenium molecular catalysts: selectivity and multielectron chemistry Ruthenium is suited for ammonia oxidation for three reasons. First, the

• pyrene-functionalized Ru complex in a suitable solvent, adding the C3N4 support, allowing adsorption to reach equilibrium, and washing away excess complex, requires no reactive chemistry and no elevated temperatures, making it synthetically accessible even for complex, sensitive catalyst molecules. The

Nanoparticle delivery systems for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): advances and challenges

• Sonia Zahara and
• Björn M. Reinhard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 839–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.60

• against multiple virus types, including HIV, in vitro through physical adsorption of virions [29]. However, the antiviral effect has been demonstrated primarily in vitro, and potential toxicity and in vivo safety require more evaluation. Furthermore, the extracellular mechanism does not address

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• fabrication of ultrafast photodetectors [4][5]. To tune their electronic structure for such applications, the adsorption of organic molecules is a versatile strategy [6][7], resulting, for example, in dipole-induced doping or (complex) charge transfer [8]. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), X-ray absorption

• strategies, such defects can be healed by appropriate surface modifications. For instance, the adsorption of thiol-bearing molecules has been demonstrated to remove the S-vacancies inherent to MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition [23]. It has been shown that the adsorption of different TMPcs can

• significantly affect surface-enhanced Raman scattering and photoluminescence properties of MoS2 [24][25]. Furthermore, it has been reported that the adsorption of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) might be an effective defect passivation method for MoS2 [26]. In the present study, we intentionally create defects

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• attention due to their structural robustness and compositional tunability [2]. The spinel framework accommodates diverse metal cations with flexible site occupancy, enabling rational modulation of electronic structure and surface adsorption energetics of key OER intermediates [3], thereby offering a

• , enhances metal–oxygen (M–O) covalency and optimizes the adsorption energies of key intermediates (*OH, *O, and *OOH), leading to improved reaction energetics [6][7][8]. Despite these advantages, synthesizing phase-pure spinel oxides remains challenging when Cu is incorporated. Cu-based catalysts are

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics [25]. The addition of AgNPs to a matrix may improve their efficiency in removing various contaminants via adsorption mechanisms, which can be ionic or covalent, depending on the nanocomposite surface chemistry [26]. In a study, Ag-decorated reduced graphene oxide was

• , and photocatalytic degradation, in isolation. However, no single review has provided an integrated cross-domain treatment spanning sensing, photocatalysis, adsorption, membrane filtration, disinfection, and soil/agricultural applications within a unified mechanistic framework. The present review

• through adsorption/absorption or catalytic degradation into harmless molecules. 3.1.2.1 Removal via adsorption/absorption. Nanosilver or nanocomposites containing AgNPs are predominantly used for pollutant removal via ionic or covalent interactions. The colloidal nanosilver has a limited adsorption

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• of surface polarity with BODIPY incorporation is consistent with the observed decrease in WCA and may promote pollutant adsorption [58]. The survey XPS spectrum recorded for 1(1.00 wt %)@PCL (Figure 6a) confirms the presence of oxygen (O 1s at 530 eV, OKLL at 970 eV), carbon (C 1s at 285 eV), and

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• of functional groups enable it to act as an effective support matrix for photocatalysts such as ZnO, TiO2, Cu2O, and various hybrid nanocomposites. Through stabilizing nanoparticles, preventing their aggregation and contributing to pollutant adsorption, cellulose enhances the overall efficiency of

• and holes but also enhance the adsorption of contaminants while preventing the undesirable aggregation of TiO2 particles, thereby improving both the stability and efficiency of the photocatalyst [101]. There is strong compatibility between TiO2 nanoparticles and cellulose chains, as the interaction

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• ) and R2(2)) were calculated from the plots and are presented in Table 4. Both kinetic models show a correlation over 0.96 for both samples. For Ag@TiO2 200p NPs, the data fit better with the pseudo-second order model, indicating that the degradation rate is strongly influenced by the adsorption

• -order model, which is more typical when the main process is controlled by light absorption and charge carrier transfer rather than surface adsorption. The smaller particle size and higher silver content in the 2000p sample improved electron–hole separation; hence, the reaction was mainly driven by

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• affect nanoparticle distribution and reach the target organ [24][27]. Endogenous targeting refers to the capacity of targeting acquired by nanomedicines after administration, upon adsorption on their surface of specific endogenous biomolecules. In fact, while nanomedicines are usually modified to prevent

• first lipid nanoparticle approved in the clinics for RNA delivery (in this case short interfering RNA). It was reported that this nanomedicine reaches the hepatocytes because of the adsorption of apolipoprotein E on its surface once administered, driving accumulation in the liver and promoting

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• of π-stacking of the Pc conjugated core on the nanotube surface and its observation here is consistent with an adsorption of ZnPc on graphene, the molecule lying flat on the surface. The frequencies of these three peaks are similar before and after annealing (1543, 1472, and 1374 cm−1), within our

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• properties were determined. Finally, the photocatalytic behavior of the materials was studied in the photocatalytic oxidation of ketoprofen (KTP) under UV irradiation, with the aim of studying the charge-transfer improvement. Ketoprofen degradation, adsorption, kinetics, and reaction pathways have been

• ]. Point of zero charge The point of zero charge (PZC) of the TiO2, 0.5 Cu–0.5 Mo/TiO2, and 0.5 Co–0.5 Mo/TiO2 photocatalysts was determined by the acid–base titration method [40]. Information on the surface properties of the catalysts is highly relevant as adsorption plays a vital role in photocatalytic

• analysis previously described revealed a lower surface area for this material. However, the different surface charge properties obtained by the surface copper content, and confirmed by the evaluation of PZC could enhance the adsorption ability, improving the subsequent oxidation reaction. Table 2 shows the

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• strong π–π interactions with aromatic compounds like ciprofloxacin [14][15]. Integrating MIL-101 with rGO aims to combine the high surface area and adsorption capacity of MIL-101 with the excellent electrical conductivity and electron-transfer ability of rGO, creating a synergistic effect that boosts the

• electrochemical performance of the composite material. This combination can promote efficient analyte adsorption and fast charge transfer at the electrode interface. Consistent with this idea, Gu et al. reported that MIL-101/rGO composites exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of

• oxidation peak is observed at the bare GCE, indicating sluggish electron-transfer kinetics. Upon modification with MIL-101 or rGO, the anodic peak current increases noticeably, reflecting improved adsorption and conductivity. The obtained peak potentials (Ep) for GCE, GO/GCE, rGO/GCE, MIL-101/GCE, MIL-101

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• from triplet to singlet during dissociation [62]. Although O2 incorporation into the WS2 surface involves electron transfer from the substrate, the reaction may proceed via non-adiabatic pathways, as previously discussed for O2 adsorption on metal surfaces [66][67]. This underscores the limitations of

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• reactivity [3]. Amini et al. combined atomistic molecular dynamics, a coarse-grained model of protein adsorption, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to predict the protein corona composition formed on aluminium surfaces with different crystal faces, (i.e., (100), (110), and (111)) from a simplified model of

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• urea arranged on the surface so that it covers the material and interacts with the zeolitic frameworks, was evidenced by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, adsorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and other methods, as well as through culture

• by XRD) and other qualities of these zeolites, highlighting their ion-exchange and adsorption properties for nutrient release and reversible water retention. This is essential for the use of this material as a slow-release fertilizer that efficiently provides nutrients for the agroecological

• development of plants, as evidenced in the cultivation tests. Keywords: adsorption; agroecological fertilizer; ion exchange; MOR–HEU zeolite mixture; natural zeolite; Introduction Traditional chemical fertilizers, widely used in agriculture, undergo significant nutrient losses resulting from dissolution and

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• modulate protein adsorption and cellular responses at the biointerface [24][25]. Despite this broad interest in catechol-based coatings, alternative polycatecholamines remain only minimally explored. To date, only two studies have specifically examined polytyrosine (PTYR), or structurally related

• multiplied, as shown in Figure 8b. Similar to our study, surface Ra affecting the initial threshold has been reported by other authors [38]. It is known that both nano/microroughness and wettability of the material surface can influence cell adhesion since these parameters affect the adsorption kinetics of

• roughness threshold has previously been observed for fibroblasts also on silicone surfaces [42] and on various metallic surfaces [43], as well as for bone marrow stem cells on polycarbonate membranes [44]. Platelet adhesion and activation on artificial surfaces are triggered by the initial adsorption of pro

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• interconnected structure of the samples. The Raman analysis results are in line with the morphological information obtained from the SEM data. The SEM and Raman experiments confirm the effect of ethanol on the CNS, which improves the presence of grooves and pores as available adsorption sites after ethanol

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• environments, their tunable surface area and surface chemistry, and electrical conductivity [18][19]. To deposit metal NPs onto a carbon support, procedures such as adsorption or reduction–deposition (RD), co-precipitation, impregnation, and deposition precipitation (DP) are commonly employed [6][19]. Carbon

• micropores around 1 nm, with a small type-II contribution at larger P/P0 and a small H4 hysteresis loop, which is given by the mesoporous part of AC. rGO has a type-II isotherm due to unrestricted monolayer–multilayer adsorption up to high P/P0; the multilayer absorption appears to increase without limit

• (C–O, C=O, –OH) that can form hydrogen bonds or coordination interactions with citrate ligands and Au species [29][30]. These localized polar sites promote adsorption. Second, charge inhomogeneities on rGO arising from structural defects, residual oxygenated patches, and edge terminations create

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• and risks associated with specific ENMs [56]. One illustrative application involves modelling nanoparticle–protein interactions, a critical factor in drug delivery systems, where digital twins can accurately predict protein adsorption patterns on nanoparticle surfaces through read-across and

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• groups for protonation-driven charge inversion, ensuring precise intracellular payload unloading [22]. Furthermore, the neutral charge state during systemic circulation helps to reduce cytotoxicity by minimising nonspecific protein adsorption and immune system activation. A study by Yuan et al. showed

• that zwitterionic and neutral nanoparticles possess highly hydrated, charge-balanced surfaces that minimize serum protein adsorption, complement activation, and cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α). In murine models, these particles exhibited reduced systemic inflammation and enhanced circulation stability

• lysosomes. Upon bond cleavage, the nanoparticles undergo a surface charge shift by exposing cationic groups, which significantly enhances cellular adsorption and uptake. This charge-switching mechanism, exemplified by PEG-b-poly(ʟ-lysine)-hydrazone- doxorubicin micelles from the cited study, enables

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• lipid structure of NLs, leading to AC leakage, while plasma protein adsorption may cause particle aggregation [7]. In this sense, the presence of proteins in the tissue environment can alter cellular uptake of both cationic and anionic carriers [8]. In short, our understanding of how nanodelivery

• protein adsorption. The extent of this modulation strongly depends on both the PEG grafting density and the molecular weight of the PEG chains. Namely, the incorporation of 50 mg of DSPE-mPEG2000 serves to introduce a PEGylated surface that effectively modulates protein corona formation upon exposure to

• that the protein adsorption by NLb1 and NLb2 (Figure 5) is already expressed in the first hour of incubation, resulting in strong bands at about 60 kDA, originating from albumin, the most abundant protein in the serum. On the other hand, these bands are not so expressed in NLb0. Considering that the