Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• in a realistic environment, the scientific bases are assumptions and analogies to chemically similar systems, rather than data. Several authors have synthesized and investigated (di)mannoside-coated AuNPs. While there are multiple applications [4], such NPs can also be seen as very crude models of

• selected surface [21][22][36][49]. However, these studies were performed on particle clusters in crowded environments, which induce collective phenomena [36][49] that are not in our scope. Conclusion Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely investigated for biomedical applications like biochemical

• dimannose groups. The increased water adsorption of dimanno-AuNPs, compared to the well-studied PEG AuNPs, makes them candidates for gas sensing applications. Sensors are usually kept dry and then become hydrated in standard environments. Whenever dry conditions are problematic, our study suggests testing

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• of scientific progress, nanotechnology remains underutilized in public-facing applications. A major issue is the limited engagement of leading tech industries in developing nanotechnology-based products, prompting concerns about tangible societal and industrial outcomes. Far away, funding challenges

• ; public-facing technologies; standardization; translational barriers; Perspective Atom-by-atom innovation The historical creation of nanomaterials and their applications is much older than often assumed and has long been a subject of debate. It would be wrong to believe that nanomaterials have been

• branches of science and engineering. Importantly, all of these studies are directly related to the creation of nanomaterials aimed at delivering much higher efficiency for specific applications compared to their conventional counterparts. In this way, progress in nanomaterial research has seen a remarkable

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• them are new electrochemical technologies, membrane separation technologies, microbial technologies, and AOPs. The efficiency, mechanism, strengths, weaknesses, and applications of each technology are utilized to assess each technology. These technologies are indicative of the multidimensional

• demonstrated that electrostatically modified biofilms enhance adherence to moving water systems, rendering them a viable option for large-scale applications [43]. Biofilms along with other methods, like adding nutrients or immobilized bioreactors, have been used in field trials to show that MPs can be

• -altitude pH variability. 6 Nanomaterial applications in microplastic remediation 6.1 Role of photocatalysis in degradation Photocatalysis uses nanomaterials to break down MPs by converting light energy, often UV or visible light, into ROS. These ROS, which include superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• composed of polar bonds with N acting as electron donor and B acting as electron acceptor. Unlike graphene and graphite, h-BN shows high resistivity and is a large-bandgap semiconductor [17]. h-BN has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties [18]. It is used as a substrate material for

• graphene-based electronics and as a dielectric material in nanoelectronics devices. It finds application regarding corrosion resistance and antioxidation protective coatings [19]. Due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, h-BN is used in thermal management applications. h-BN is used

• in far-ultraviolet light-emitting devices. These applications leverage h-BN’s properties like high temperature stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance [18][20][21]. An interesting application of multilayer h-BN is its deposition on electrode surfaces as an electron blocking layer

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.146 Abstract Passiflora setacea seed oil is a natural source of bioactive unsaturated fatty acids, notably linoleic acid (ω-6) and oleic acid (ω-9), with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential for dermatological applications. However, its direct use is limited by

• linked to diverse biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-regenerative activities, underscoring its potential for dermatological applications [4]. Despite these promising attributes, the direct use of natural oils in topical applications is often limited by their

• for Passiflora setacea seed oil. QbD principles and experimental design methodologies were employed to guide formulation development. The microemulsion was designed to enhance physicochemical stability, improve skin application performance, and support future therapeutic applications. Results and

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• effects by efficiently eliminating DPPH activity. This research highlights the potential of AgSbS2 NCs as versatile agents with applications in biomedical and environmental domains, including cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies, and free radical neutralization. Keywords: AgSbS2 nanocrystals

• Humicola sp. in biomedical applications were investigated. Cancer experiments were carried out using breast cancer and Burkitt’s lymphoma cancer cells, while the biocompatibility tests of α-AgS nanoparticles were also conducted using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [18]. Additionally

• , these materials have also been used in various imaging applications for the detection of cancer cells. Ag2Te and Ag2S nanocrystals (NCs) were used in cancer imaging studies by Nieves and colleagues. In this study, computed tomography contrasts changes of NCs injected into mice were examined at 2 and 24

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• nanotubes, and carbon dots, have attracted considerable interest as nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties. Their high surface area, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface chemistry make them highly attractive for a range of biomedical applications. However, concerns

• delivery systems (DDSs); nanocarriers; quality control (QC); Introduction Nanomaterials Nanomaterials (NMs) have an extensive array of various properties and applications across many industries, including the biomedical, health care, food/agriculture, industrial, environmental, electronic, and renewable

• energy sectors (Figure 1). NMs have seen use as antimicrobial agents [1], catalysts [2], bioimaging agents [3][4][5][6], magnetic particle imaging agents [7], nanofluids [8], antiviral agents [9], photothermal convertors [10], and in environmental remediation [11]. Topically, the biomedical applications

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• structures on their feet [1][2]. This bioadhesion mechanism has been studied extensively, especially for biomimetic adhesive applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Understanding these interactions presents a formidable challenge in biophysics and materials science due to the extremely small length and time

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• Sebastian Polarz Yasar Krysiak Martin Wessig Florian Kuhlmann Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.140 Abstract Macroporous materials containing surfaces with chiral groups are highly relevant for applications in

• Kotov and coworkers [4]. Chiral optical materials have unique optical activity, displaying phenomena such as circular dichroism and optical rotation. These characteristics are harnessed in applications like sensors, optical devices, and polarized materials. Material chirality can also lead to unusual

• more general relevance than just for chromatography. Transport processes in porous materials are fundamental phenomena that influence the behavior and performance of a wide range of natural and engineered systems. They are relevant in applications including catalysis, filtration, energy storage

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• membrane applications. Thermal and crystalline analyses demonstrated improved thermal stability upon NE-βCp incorporation. Collectively, these results provide robust evidence for the feasibility of producing multifunctional nanofiber membranes that successfully integrate a polymer–lipid hybrid core

• encapsulated within a PLA shell, highlighting substantial potential for biomedical applications by overcoming key material integration hurdles. Keywords: co-axial nanofibers; electrospinning; hybrid nanosystem; nanofibers; nanoemulsion; poly(lactic acid); Introduction Driven by the significant potential of

• conventional fibrous materials. Their flexibility in fabrication allows for integration into a broad range of applications, from drug delivery scaffolds to composite biomaterials, contributing to their increasing relevance in both scientific research and industrial development [11][12][13][14]. To leverage the

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• of inspiration for developing biomimetic adhesives. However, a thorough understanding of their composition and operating mechanism is essential for advancing such applications. Sabellariid tubeworms are model organisms in bioadhesion research, and their adhesive system has been characterized in

• underwater adhesive materials for various applications, particularly in the industrial and biomedical fields [3][4]. Polychaetes of the family Sabellariidae are one of the model organisms that have been studied extensively for their adhesion and have fascinated researchers since the 18th century [5]. Two

• applications in various fields. Structure of the tubes of Sabellaria alveolata. Picture of a reef fragment (Champeaux, Bay of Mont Saint-Michel) (A), with detailed views of the natural tubes (B, C). SEM image of an epoxy-embedded tube in cross section showing the arrangement of mineral particles (D

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• . Despite many synthesis methods are still mainly focused on the production of near-spherical NPs, a number of emerging applications require nanomaterials of nonspherical shape and developed surface, which determine the functional performance of nanostructured devices. Laser ablation in liquids has been

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• irradiation differs from gas-phase deposition, we think that our method can be employed to optimize pre-screen and score new potential precursors for FIB applications by significantly reducing the time required and conserving valuable resources. Keywords: backscattered electrons (BSE); carboxylates; energy

• growth process, and greater flexibility in material selection (the ability to deposit a variety of different materials). The usage of ions opens new possibilities for materials development and applications [20][21]. Until now, the development of FEBID has relied on precursors used for chemical vapor

• complex with the same carboxylate and pentafluoropropamidine [Cu2(NH2(NH=)CC2F5)2(µ-O2CC2F5)4] [32], as new potential precursors for the applications in focus ion beam induced deposition (FIBID) using gallium ions. We focused on a commonly used 30 keV FIB ion beam energy in our systematic decomposition

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• though PEG polymers are broadly considered safe in consumer applications [66][67]. This immunogenicity of PEGylated LNPs not only raises safety concerns but also poses a risk to the structural integrity of the nanoparticles [68]. Anti-PEG antibodies can activate the complement system, leading to the

• activation in different mechanisms [57][65][66][67]. Although the immunogenicity of PEG lipids can be beneficial in certain cases to modulate immune responses for enhanced therapeutic outcomes, such applications are minimal compared to the well-documented downsides in LNP delivery function. Given this

• growing body of evidence, while PEG lipids have long been used to maintain LNP stability and reduce nonspecific interactions, their immunogenic liabilities may pose a critical barrier to safe and effective repeated dosing in clinical applications. Therefore, it is important to develop and evaluate

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• efficacy of herbal products for mosquito control [80][81]. Nanoemulsions: Concepts and applications in larvicides and repellents Pharmaceutical nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for the delivery and targeting of molecules for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic purposes [82]. In 1995, the

• biomedical applications. These include: (a) superior stability during storage compared to that of macroemulsions, attributed to their small droplet size, which prevents flocculation, creaming, and sedimentation; (b) enhanced bioavailability and improved aqueous solubility of lipophilic molecules; (c

• ) increased cutaneous permeability of various molecules; (d) reduced emulsifier concentrations compared to that of macro- and microemulsions; (e) protection of molecules from adverse environmental conditions such as pH-induced hydrolysis and oxidation; and (f) versatile applications allowing administration in

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• of synaptic connections. The superconducting axon-synaptic matrix based on the WayMatrix concept seems to be a promising solution to the problem [47][48][49][50]. As mentioned above repeatedly, the field applications of kinetic inductance and, in particular, KICK, also extend to bio-inspired

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• , new record values of fundamental figures of merit have been reported at a surprisingly rapid rate. The field is now mature for the next challenge, that is, application-ready devices. Optomechanical interaction has been proposed to enable or improve many applications [1], including accelerometers [2

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• scalability concerns [10]. Additionally, M. edulis Mfp exhibits optimal adhesion under acidic conditions [11], potentially limiting its biomedical application. Meanwhile, synthetic sealants based on DOPA functionalisation of natural or synthetic polymers have shown promise in biomedical applications, but

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• , particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial

• bacteria, offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural reducing agents like polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds not only facilitate nanoparticle formation but also improve stability and biological efficacy, making them ideal for dental applications such as caries prevention

• recently become the focus of significant attention [18][19]. The eco-friendly applications of AgNPs in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, sanitation, and electronic sectors have driven extensive research into their biosynthesis [20][21][22]. Silver nanoparticles exhibit unique physical and chemical

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• daily life, and the potential application of adsorbent nanomaterials for MP removal. Sajid et al. provided an overview of various adsorbent materials and their efficiency [24]. However, the authors do not deeply explore the potential challenges related to large-scale applications or the integration of

• mechanisms and performance; and (iii) risk assessments and associated problems when applying adsorbent nanomaterials. In addition, it is important to identify critical gaps regarding large-scale applications and insufficient integration into existing systems. By expanding the scope of the research to

• protecting both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Review Sources and distribution pathways of MPs to water supply system Microplastics can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary MPs are intentionally manufactured for various applications, whereas secondary MPs result from the degradation or

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• effectiveness of PHYT-NE in maintaining colloidal stability under storage and stress conditions. For pharmaceutical applications and the intended therapeutic purpose, nanoemulsions must not only be functional but also safe and selective. That is, they should effectively damage the parasite without causing

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• nanostructure itself demonstrated a piezoelectric charge coefficient of 274 pm·V−1. This work opens the door to future applications of LDHs in smart wearable electronic devices as both power generators and supercapacitors. In addition to the intrinsic piezoelectric properties of LDHs, it has been demonstrated

• structural robustness. Therefore, the strength of LDH-based piezocatalysts lies especially in their tunability (composition, thickness, and interlayer anions) rather than in a maximum rate alone, making them promising alternatives or complements in piezocatalytic applications. Conclusion The study of

• discussed studies appear largely consistent; ultrathin structures, doped systems, and composites systematically show improved performance in applications where mechanically induced charge generation and utilization are important (piezo-catalysis/piezo-photocatalysis, energy storage). Three interrelated

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• yield. Such properties are promising for applications including photocatalytic water purification, self-cleaning surfaces, and light-activated antimicrobial coatings [20]. The elemental composition of the modified films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil

• the potential of Ag ion implantation to significantly enhance the functionalities of GO and PI films for various applications, including environmental monitoring and photocatalysis. Experimental Hummers’ method was employed to synthesize graphene oxide (GO), following the procedure outlined in [16

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• developing diverse nanocarriers for oral applications, and this review provides a valuable theoretical foundation for understanding the strategies currently employed in this field. Keywords: drug delivery; nanoparticle; oral administration; polymer; polymeric nanoparticle; Review 1 Introduction The oral

• particles. Materials reduced to this scale exhibit alterations in their physicochemical properties, enhancing their interactions with molecular and cellular processes. Consequently, nanotechnology has diverse pharmaceutical applications, as the nanoencapsulation of drugs improves solubility and

• chemical derivatization to obtain specific properties, while synthetic polymers are synthesized from their corresponding monomers, resulting in diverse structures and applications [25]. PNs are viable options for smart drug delivery using responsive and stimulating polymers, which release molecules in

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• contribute to off-target effects. This fundamental limitation explains the persistent observation of diverse adverse effects in both preclinical animal studies and clinical applications of carrier-modified therapeutics. If aptamer modification is carried out on the surface of the carrier [40], it will help

• ) selection, synthesis, and technical details of aptamers and their applications are described in detail in the article. The exclusion criteria are: (1) review, letter, news; (2) comment of a conference or seminar; (3) case report; or (4) irrelevant research topic of the article. Eventually, 17 original

• threshold (30–50 kDa), thereby prolonging circulation half-life and enhancing stability. These strategies collectively improve drug bioavailability while reducing off-target toxicity, offering versatile solutions for aptamer applications in precision medicine. The following sections give a summary of the