Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• atmosphere. The solvents were dried according to the standard literature and stored under argon. All starting materials used for the synthesis were purchased from commercial sources (Merck or TCI). SIL: In a snap lid vial, dissolve 2.0 mL tetramethoxysilane (2.04 g, 13.4 mmol, 1 equiv) in 1.5 mL methanol

• Bruker Magnetech MS 5000 equipped with a variable temperature unit (TC-H03 Temperature Controller, magnetech GmbH). Prior to use, all materials and solutions were degassed under argon by at least 10 pump–freeze–thaw cycles. For each measurement, 50

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• . Gas-phase interactions between [Fe(CO)5] molecules and ions of helium, neon, argon, and krypton were carried out. However, the authors noted that these results may not accurately reflect the behavior of the precursor on the surface during actual FIBID processing since the conditions under which the

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• was operated using an RC5 Nanonis controller, with all experiments carried out in UHV (base pressure ≤5 × 10−11 mbar) cooled to 5 K. Gold and silver crystals (spl.eu) were prepared via repeated sputter–anneal cycles, sputtering under an argon pressure of ≈5 × 10−5 mbar, with a beam energy of 1.5 kV

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HA-CNTs) were synthesized inside a miniature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cell with an optical window (Linkam TS1500). ST-cut quartz and iron nanoparticles served as substrate and catalyst, respectively. Ethanol and argon were, respectively, used as carbon precursor

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• 2.5 × 1015 ions·cm−2. Gupta et al. [14] have investigated the activation of the A1 (LO) mode and the production of a broad band at the lower Raman shift side in ZnO films implanted with 300 keV argon and 1.2 MeV xenon ions with varying fluence from 1 × 1014 to 3 × 1015 ions·cm−2. Gautam et al. [15

• + ions for implantation, which produce less lattice distortions than nitrogen ions. This is because argon ions are heavier and larger than nitrogen ions. Also, in the above-quoted studies the authors did not study the effect of the evolution of longitudinal optical A1 (LO) and symmetry-disallowed Raman

• correlation with morphological and optical properties using low-energy Ar+ beams in ZnO films. Here, argon ions were chosen because of the inert nature, which means that any changes in properties of the implanted ZnO films are attributed solely to implantation-induced effects. In the present study, ZnO films

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• , molybdenum was sputtered from a Mo target with a purity of 99.9% for 10 s at a magnetron power of 100 W and an argon partial pressure of 5.4 × 10−1 Pa. The output pressure in the chamber was controlled by the argon flow. The MoS2 films were synthesized by sulfurization of molybdenum layers deposited on SiO2

• /Si substrates in a two-zone quartz reactor. The substrate was placed in the high-temperature zone and annealed there at 423 K for 30 min in an argon flow of 250 sccm. Then, this zone was heated to 873 K. 200 mg of sulfur powder (99.9% purity) were placed in a quartz crucible in the low-temperature

• reactor zone heated to 473 K. A flow of 24 sccm argon was passed through both reactor zones for 30 min at atmospheric pressure. After this time, sulfurization of the Mo layer was complete. Both zones were cooled to room temperature in a flow of 250 sccm argon. To remove polysulfide impurities and form a

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• process. Initially, elemental Mn (99.2%, 3 µm), Fe (99.96%, 10–20 µm), Ni (99.5%, 45–60 µm), Si (99.999%, 45–60 µm), and Ge (99.99%, <250 µm) powders were mixed in the desired stoichiometric proportions and underwent HEBM in a planetary ball mill for 90 min under argon atmosphere and a ball-to-powder

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• argon ions is provided in Figure 7. The Fe 2p spectra of pyrite NPs in all solvents (Figure 7a–e) show two major peaks of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 at 709 and 722 eV, respectively, which denotes the Fe2+ chemical state [44] with a separation ΔE of 13.1 eV. The peak fitting of the Fe 2p3/2 peak reveals a

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• -sections by means of argon ion polishing. To get results that closely simulate the operation of working devices, we used a comprehensive static KPFM measurement protocol (See Supporting Information File 1, Section 2) and measured potential profiles across all layers while applying a voltage or under

• , which diminish the HTL/perovskite junction quality [40][41]. To investigate the microscopic origins of these effects at the interfaces, we performed cross-sectional KPFM. A well-performing solar cell was selected from each batch and after cleaving, it was subjected to argon ion milling in order to get a

• fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates on thin (1.1 mm) glass from Ossila (11–13 Ω/cm2) with Zn powder and a 2 M HCl solution. Then, we brushed it thoroughly using a liquid alkaline concentrate (Hellmanex), followed by a 30 min argon plasma cleaning (200-G TePla Plasma System, Technics Plasma GmbH, at

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of APT-NPs were obtained on a JSM-6380A, Joel, Japan operating at a voltage of 10.0 kV. The specimens were mounted on a metallic stub with double-sided adhesive tape and gold-coated in an argon atmosphere prior to observation [28]. Drug excipient interaction

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• remarkable thermal stability, high melting point, and chemical inertness. In the present study, Mo thin films of different thicknesses (150, 200, 250, and 300 nm) have been deposited on Si(100) substrates via radio frequency sputtering in an argon atmosphere at room temperature. Some of these films have been

• ] investigated the effects of argon ion bombardment on the characteristics of Mo thin films. Films with reduced porosity and larger grains demonstrated increased reflectance and decreased resistivity, consistent with electron mean free path analysis results. Navin et al. [15] investigated self-organized pattern

• generation in Mo thin films with a low-energy argon ion beam (1 keV) across different ion fluences (1016–1018 ions·cm−2). Thornton et al. [16] examined a transition from tensile to compressive stress in argon-ion-implanted Mo thin films as the sputtering gas pressure decreased. Sun et al. [17] also analyzed

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• annealing at 1000 K for 5 min. The oxide is deposited ex situ (in a nearby setup, transfer is done in air) by physical vapor deposition using an aluminum oxide sputter target and NiAl(110) as substrate. The deposition was performed at a 10−3 mbar argon pressure for a duration of 40 min. Once placed back in

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• chitosan/PVA nanofibers using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and reported enhanced wettability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of the fibers. The argon and oxygen plasma treatments led to significant cross-linking of the fibers, which improved tensile strength and Young’s modulus

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• eye’s medial side, enlarging the SMP tube to a medium diameter (≈200 μm). Argon laser heating can further expand the SMP tube to a larger diameter (≈250 μm), providing controlled adaptation to patient-specific hypertonicity. Additionally, a safety locking ring outside the SMP tube can be compressed

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• an LCB display. The stability test experiments were run at 70 °C and 100 bar using pressurized argon and 700 RPM corresponding to 5000 bbl/day. The stability test has ben previously run at 300, 700, and 1300 RPM which corresponds to approx. 2000, 5000, and 10000 bbl/day, respectively. The disc and

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• formed. Subsequently, the emulsion underwent homogenization in an ultrasonic bath while being bubbled with argon for 1.5 h to generate a uniformly dispersed solution. Then, the solution was diluted three times. Polycondensation occurred at 25 °C overnight under stirring. p(Hist-CA) was then purified

• 8.5) was added, along with 7.3 μL of TO. The mixture was vortexed at 3500 rpm for 1 min. Following this, the solution underwent argon purging and 90 min of sonication to homogenize the microemulsion. Then the emulsion was stirred at room temperature overnight. Last, the solution was diluted three

• . The solution was then purged with argon in an ultrasonic bath for 90 min. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted till 15 mL with PB, pH 8.5, and then purified by dialysis using a 12000 Da dialysis bag. The amount of encapsulated Fl was determined by UV spectroscopy at 487 nm

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• cortex is thinner (≈0.5 μm) and flat (Figure 2c). From the FIB-SEM cuts, we estimated the chitin fill fraction of the chitin network to be 0.44 ± 0.06. By adjusting the power and duration of the argon plasma etching, we were able to selectively etch the lower cortex of the scales (Figure 2d), revealing

• the nearest neighbor distance was multiplied with to obtain the unit cell size. Preparation of titania replicas Individual scales were scraped off from the elytra and transferred to a glass slide. Scales were etched using an argon plasma etching device (Emitech K1050X, Quorum, Laughton, UK). The

• settings were: etching time 36 min, power 50 W, argon pressure 0.9 mbar. Negative titania replicas were fabricated from the etched scales using a sol–gel chemistry protocol modified from ([24]). Briefly, titania sol was synthesized by adding 2 mL of hydrolyzed titanium ethoxide to a pre-mixed solution

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• centre of a horizontal quartz tube furnace, see [37] for more detail. The furnace tube was also connected with a gas line and a rotary vacuum pump oil. Before the growth, air was sucked out of the tube by backfilling it with argon (Ar) gas, and then pumped out until the base pressure went to ≈2 × 10−3

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• nanoparticles at ≈750 °C. Finally, the samples were synthesized by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 °C, similar to the CVD process presented in [13][14], to achieve a crystalline graphitic nature of the carbon nanotubes. Argon was used as the carrier gas and ethylene as the carbon source. A

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• [26][27], and ammonia [28][29], as a mixture of argon and oxygen [30][31], or in an oxygen plasma [32][33]. The success of these purification attempts varies considerably depending on the chemical nature of the precursor and the reactant gas. When using an oxidant gas reactant, such as water or oxygen

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• . Experimental Both MoS2 and WS2 samples were synthesized using a one-step CVD process under atmospheric pressure. The CVD system consists of a quartz tube connected to an argon source. The furnace was gradually heated to specific processing temperatures of MoS2 and WS2, which were subsequently deposited onto

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• copper grids in an argon flow at 52 sscm for 5 min at room temperature. The size of the BNPs can be modified by varying three parameters, namely, aggregation area, magnetron power, and partial pressure. The chosen parameters for both magnetrons are presented in Table 1. HRTEM micrographs were obtained

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• added different additives. In the case of gaseous additives (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon), they saturated the solution by bubbling. Further additives were 0.3 vol % hydrogen peroxide and 0.2 vol % water (for ethanol only). Depending on the chosen additive, they found a different degree of

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• between 0.2 and 0.5 mbar. As the gas mixture, argon, oxygen, and HMDSO (98.5% purity, Sigma-Aldrich) were used in different ratios. First, the surface was pretreated for five seconds with an oxygen-rich plasma. For this step, the argon-to-oxygen ratio was set to 1:2. For the deposition of silicon oxide

• , the partial pressure of argon was set to 0.1 mbar and the partial pressure of oxygen was set to 0.3 mbar. The monomer partial pressure was set to 0.05 mbar. The high partial pressure of oxygen in a ratio of 3:1 promotes the formation of SiOx structures. The film thickness was measured with a quartz