Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• an array of millions of nanopores were characterized first by ionic transport measurements. The tests were performed on the three types, A, B and C, of membranes introduced above. The membranes were mounted between a cis- and trans-chamber made of Teflon, each equipped with an Ag/AgCl electrode

• areas on the CCD camera array imaging three detection volumes each being 450 µm apart from the membrane level and about 10 × 10 × 1 µm3 in size. A measurement starts by applying a droplet of a protein or protein mixture with a pipette to the cis channel and initiating the data acquisition. More

• , multifunctional or even switchable filters appear possible. Fabrication scheme for nanoporous membranes: (a) The commercially available silicon nitride membrane (grey) is coated with a sacrificial layer of silicon oxide (blue) on top of which a quasi-hexagonally ordered array of Au NPs (yellow) is deposited by

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• output edge where transmitted light is collected by a photodetector. Three polarization-maintaining optical fibers are supported by a silicon v-groove array and are optically aligned to the three waveguides permanently bonded to the chips. Each chip has two through-holes for fluidic access. Fluid lines

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• nm, resembling well the structure of the 2D deposit. The average EDX signal from nanopillars gives a composition of 26 atom % Cu, 13 atom % O and 61 atom % C. Hence, the retrieved mean value for the refractive index may serve as a meaningful estimation to simulate the optical properties of an array

• copper helix with three pitches (b) deposited on glass covered with 50 nm ITO, the scale of (a) and (b) is the same. (c + d) Transmission electron micrographs of a copper pillar. Visible is the typical FEBID structure of copper particles embedded in an amorphous matrix. (a) Array of 8 × 8 nanocones with

• a distance of 400 nm, base diameter of 80 nm and a height of 250 nm. (b) Measured and simulated scattering spectra of the array. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 56: Additional information on EDX measurements, SAED indexing, and electrical characterization. Acknowledgements The

Circular dichroism of chiral Majorana states

• Javier Osca and
• Llorenç Serra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1194–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.110

• square and a favored sign in a long 2D ribbon geometry. Our results suggest the use of CD spectroscopy as a valuable probe of chiral Majorana states, complementing the evidences obtained with electrical conductance measurements [17]. This may require the use of an array of absorbing devices, in order to

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• , memory, logic, communications and sensing devices. Here, we report experimental and numerical investigation of ultrafast magnetization dynamics in a new type of antidot lattice in the form of triangular-shaped Ni80Fe20 antidots arranged in a hexagonal array. Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and

• investigated the variation in the nature of the extended and quantized SW modes in such systems by changing the strength and orientation of the in-plane bias-magnetic field and the lattice constant of the array. Micromagnetic simulations have also been performed to understand and interpret the experimental

• magnetic fields. Variation of magnetization dynamics with the variation of the orientation of applied bias magnetic field and lattice constant Figure 1c shows representative time-resolved Kerr rotation data from the array with a = 700 nm with in-plane bias field of 1.3 kOe at φ = 0°. The graph reveals

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• setae array endings by releasing greater adhesive strength [237][238][239]. The beautiful color patterns of peacock feathers are also known to be due to the cross-sectional arrangement of their feather frills as shown in Figure 7 [196]. Mollusk shells consists of “nacre”, which is a hierarchical

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• only 85% and 80% of NO conversion at a reaction temperature below 380 °C, respectively. This suggests that the CeO2/CNT-PT catalyst has better catalytic activity. Wang et al. [57] investigated the use of mixed Mn–Ce oxides-supported CNTs (Mn-Ce/CNT) for NO removal. An array of Mn–Ce/CNT catalysts with

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

• , enabling both z-axis feedback and phase contrast imaging to be achieved. This article proposes a model-based multifrequency Lyapunov filter implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for high-speed MF-AFM demodulation. System descriptions and simulations are verified by experimental results

• ; digital signal processing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); high-speed; Lyapunov filter; multifrequency; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) [1] has been integral in the field of nanoscale engineering since its invention in 1986 by Binnig et al. By sensing microcantilever tip–sample

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• (HPLC, Shimadzu). The HPLC system was equipped with a Kinetex C18 column (150 mm × 3 mm; particle size of 2.6 μm; pore diameter 100 Å) and the SPD-M20A diode array detector (λ = 205 nm). The flow rate was maintained at 0.4 mL/min with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (7.5/92.5 v/v). The

• stainless steel reactor with the working volume of about 35 mL equipped with a quartz window, two valves and a septum. An array of five LEDs (λmax = 415 nm) was used as an irradiation source. A glass plate covered by Nd-modified TiO2 was placed at the bottom side of the reactor followed by closing the

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• [66][67][68][69]. Schematic of the experimental setup for the wet spinning technique, reproduced with permission from [70], copyright 2000 The American Association for the Advancement of Science. Spray winding apparatus. Step 1. Stretching the CNT array by passing along the stationary rod. Step 2

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• creation, precisely controlled biomolecule positioning, and straightforward operation. To investigate the capability of the lift-off process to fabricate various bioactive substrates, probes with different molecular behavior and multiplexed array construction are tested. The unique surface environments

• TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) in advance. Target DNA solutions in 25 mM TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) was thereafter dropped onto the target DNA-specific probe-modified substrates for a 5 min incubation period. For sandwich-like array signal reporting, biotinylated thiol-patterned substrates

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• ]. The fabrication of a simple SC based on GaN NWs on Si(111) can be obtained via proper NW doping and formation of a p–n junction at Si substrate–GaN NW interface. Recently it has been theoretically demonstrated that optimization of the doping level and NW array morphology can lead to a power conversion

• electron microscope (SEM) images of the nanowire (NW) arrays: a) image of the array grown on the substrate that underwent low temperature annealing (850 °C, sample 2); b) images of the array grown on the substrate that underwent high temperature annealing (1000 °C, sample 7); c) top view image of the

Nematic topological defects positionally controlled by geometry and external fields

• Pavlo Kurioz,
• Marko Kralj,
• Bryce S. Murray,
• Charles Rosenblatt and
• Samo Kralj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 109–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.13

• pattern of four topological defects (m = 2: blue circles, m = −2: gray squares), part of a larger square array of such defects. The separation between neighboring defects is roughly 30 μm, h ≈ 3 μm. (c) Darkfield microscopy image of a nematic cell the master plate of which enforces a square array of m

• = ±2 TDs; this image shows a rare example of a double integer defect that decomposes into a pair of half integer defects plus one integer defect. (d) Typical polarizing microscopy pattern image of this defect array. The scale bars are (a) 500 nm and (b,c,d) 5 μm. Plots of β2(x,y) for different imposed

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• limited production amount caused by the small volume of the microreactor. For high throughput and adequate production, a feasible solution may involve the combination of two approaches: to parallelize the microreactors to form an array and to enlarge the microchannel in the lateral direction into a planar

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• . For instance, a hydrogen-terminated nanocone array exhibited a fast response time (4.7 s) towards 10 ppm of NO2 at 150 °C [13]. On the other hand, a room-temperature-operated gas sensor based on H-terminated diamond films showed a long response time and recovery time towards nitrogen dioxide [24

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• -based structures under test are stable up to 50000 measurements. This indicates their potential for reusable dry adhesives. The insert in panel (b) shows an SEM image of an array with CNFs after 50000 approach-and-retraction cycles. Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to thank Sharali Malik for the Raman

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• shown in Figure 2. It is a parallel array of superconducting loops composed of Josephson junctions (shown by crosses) and superconducting inductances. This structure is called the Josephson transmission line (JTL). SFQ can be transferred along this JTL by successive switchings of Josephson junctions

• correspond to a different magnetic flux in the loop (with currents circulating in the loop in the opposite directions if φ ≠ 2πn, where n is an integer). A logical state transfer can be performed in an array of magnetically coupled parametric quantrons biased into the working point φe = π. Current pulses Ie

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• minutes. The electron dose was calibrated by means of a mobile Faraday cup built for the sample stage of the analysis chamber. The electron current between the flood gun and the cup was measured for an array of lateral positions. As a result, one minute of electron irradiation at a beam energy of 50 eV

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• set of Au NPs was deposited by FEBID (see Figure 4a). We should note that the composition of each NP in this set may slightly differ from the previously discussed stand-alone NPs, since proximity effects are known to come into play when a dense array of FEBID structures is deposited [77][78][79

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• FDTD simulations were used to model the normal incidence transmission spectra in air and water and the electromagnetic field distribution for full-3D PCs. The unit cell geometry was defined as an infinite square array of nanostructured holes on a metal film that are parallel to the x–y plane with a

• on both sides of the z-grid to avoid artificial reflection errors from the domain boundaries. Appropriate periodic boundary conditions were used to define the square array. The frequency-dependent Au22 and Ag46 permittivities are described by the Drude–Lorentzian model over a wavelength range of 355

• -phase analytes. Additionally, local electromagnetic hotspots and fano resonances generated at the surface are much more accessible by design in photonic crystal systems due to the intrinsically controllable geometry of the array openings. In contrast, the interaction of nanoparticles can be used to

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• reports the incubation data. The fluorescent images clearly show the different propensity of the peptides under investigation to bind to the full-length Aβ40. Bright Cy3-Aβ40 spots were detected in the KLVFF spot array (Figure 3A) and black spots were measured on Semax (Figure 3B). In order to emphasize

• assessments. In accordance with the previous work [24], the positive binding interaction between the KLVFF spots and the Cy3-Aβ40 solution occurs, giving rise to the appearance of bright amyloid spots for the KLVFF spot array. Conversely, for the Semax peptide, the formation of black spots , was observed

• site. The peptide array is represented by blue dots. Supporting Information Supporting Information includes additional data relative to the characterization of material surface, quantitative evaluations, and a study of a possible interaction between the anchored-amyloid and amyloid-target. Supporting

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• electron beam irradiation, with non-volatile product species being incorporated into the growing deposit. The size and shape of the nanostructure are controlled by manipulation of the electron beam (focusing ability and patterning capabilities), which allows an almost unlimited array of three-dimensional

• , pore-free array of Pt atoms in which the original shape of the deposit was retained with little morphological change. Shawrav et al. [23] demonstrated the effectiveness of water in the purification of Au nanostructures. The single-step fabrication of highly pure Au nanostructures (≈91 atom % Au) from

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• the extent of the proximity effect. The proximity effect is usually observed as a variation of dot diameters within an array of deposited dots, depending on the order in which they are deposited. Dots were deposited from DCSCH and SCH in two different geometries. In Figure 7a, a schematic is shown for

• expected to have almost the same diameter after deposition. In Figure 7b, a different arrangement is shown in which dots are deposited in a square array. The blue filled circles represent the pillars with no additional broadening and the numbers in the blue filled circles indicate the order of pillar

• using SCH, as shown in Figure 9b. The upper set of pillars in Figure 9b was deposited with a beam exposure time of 2 s, and the distance between neighbouring pillars is 15 nm. The square array of pillars in the lower panel was deposited with a beam exposure time of 4 s, and the distance between

Numerical investigation of the tribological performance of micro-dimple textured surfaces under hydrodynamic lubrication

• Kangmei Li,
• Dalei Jing,
• Jun Hu,
• Xiaohong Ding and
• Zhenqiang Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2324–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.232

• controlling the tribological behavior of friction pairs used in mechanical and biological engineering. In this study, by utilizing the method of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the lubrication model of a friction pair with micro-dimple array was established based on the Navier

• simulation; hydrodynamic lubrication; micro-dimple array; surface texture; tribological performance; Introduction The wear caused by friction is considered to be the main reason for the failure of mechanical systems and the major source of energy loss [1]. Various methods have been developed to reduce

• array, however, the commonly used two-dimensional CFD technique is not able to simulate the lubrication behavior accurately. Therefore, the three-dimensional CFD method was proposed. Han et al. [27] studied the tribological characteristics of the micro-dimple array by using a three-dimensional CFD

Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates

• Jingran Zhang,
• Yongda Yan,
• Peng Miao and
• Jianxiong Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2271–2282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.227

• rhodamine 6G (R6G) were detected as test analytes [17]. The micro/nanostructures of a blue butterfly wing were used as a template, and a SERS substrate was produced and utilized to detect rhodamine dye for the elimination of organic pollutants [19]. Additionally, pyramidal array structures on conventional

• ] were also produced by a lithography-based method and reproducible plastic substrates were machined using different nanoimprinting methods [26]. For example, Courvoisier et al. [4] designed and fabricated an accurate inverted array of squares as a template on a silicon wafer via EBL and wet etching

• arrayed pyramids on the Cu(110) surface with fx = 2 μm and fy = 1 μm. Compared to Figure 3a, smaller arrayed pyramids are formed with fx = 2 μm and fy = 1 μm and the depth of adjacent pyramids is 283 nm. Figure 4 shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a 500 × 500 μm2 array on a Cu(110