Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• cavity of native β-CD ranges from 0.60 to 0.65 nm and matches well with biphenyl or naphthalene groups, but not with methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, or 2-octanol. Conversely, β-CD with phenylcarbamate (Ph-β-CD) and 4-methoxyphenylcarbamate groups (MP-β-CD) possess smaller cavities and more rigid

• = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate), Cu(BPDC) (BPDC = biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate), UiO-66, UiO-67, and UiO-68-NH2. The sensing system showed a very low detection limit of 1 ppm for each pure isomer and can discriminate between 16 different xylene mixtures with 96.5% accuracy at a concentration of 100 ppm

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• the effective cross-sections of a complete cross-linking of 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol SAMs [56]. These studies provided valuable insights into the chemical transformations associated with cross-linking. However, direct imaging on the atomic scale to visualize the evolution of irradiation-induced

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• . In a recent work, Liu et al. chemically pre-sodiated hard carbon using sodium biphenyl [86]. The SiB full cell showed a discharge capacity of 100 mAh·g−1 at 2C after 550 cycles (Figure 10E). Hard carbons can also be sodiated during the first charging cycle. Bloi et al. synthesized a porous Na2S

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• HERs of the polymers with phenyl or biphenyl moieties as donors were lower than that of the pure acceptor polymer P15 (7.2 μmol·h−1, 3.5 mg). Although the benzene group could serve as a weak donor in some cases, it is difficult to render effective D–A interactions. For instance, Yu and co-workers [55

• * intermediates on polymer surface. Consequently, halogen substitution on the polymer is an approach to evoke enhanced charge separation and improve the HER of CPs. In 2018, Jiang et al. [68] systematically studied the effects of π-linking groups, that is, benzene or biphenyl moieties in pyrene–benzothiadiazole

• ] combined FSO with biphenyl, dibenzothiophene, or fluorene segments to construct D–A CPs (P55–P57). Experimental studies showed that the dibenzothiophene-containig polymer P56 (Figure 8) exhibited an outstanding AQY of 6.8% at 420 nm. Both dibenzothiophene and fluorene moieties possess planar structures

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• electron irradiation-induced cross-linking of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT) and second, purple membrane (PM) containing genetically modified bacteriorhodopsin (BR) carrying a C-terminal His-tag. The NBPT-CNM was further modified to carry nitrilotriacetic acid

• optical properties as well as their chemical [39], thermal [40], and mechanical stability [41]. PM patches were deposited by electrophoretic sedimentation from a suspension as a quasi-monolayer on a 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT) CNM [42][43]. We use the term quasi-monolayer to express that there

• . Cleaning of the Au surfaces was achieved with an UV/ozone-cleaner (FHR Anlagenbau GmbH, UVOH 150 LAB) and subsequent immersing in absolute ethanol (AnalaR NORMAPUR, VWR Chemicals). The SAMs were prepared by immersion of the cleaned Au substrate into a solution (approx. 10 mM) of 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• linkers for porphyrin, such as phenyl or biphenyl groups. These linkers will tend to maximize their van der Waals interaction with the surface, resulting in change of the position of the TM atom relative to the silver atoms. Nevertheless, the use of linkers will not influence significantly the local

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• '-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) by a factor of 105 [18]. The highest SEIRA response was obtained by adjusting the LSPR energy of the nanoantennas to the energy of the vibrational modes [17]. The high sensitivity of SEIRA to vibrational modes allowed the detection of organic and biological

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• Bhex phase and not, as one could assume, more-ordered SmB phase like for a symmetrical azomethine with biphenyl mesogenic groups described by us in our previous paper [47]. The measurement performed at 100 °C for SP1 imine (isotropic phase) displays only a broad signal at 4.4 Å. The diffraction pattern

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• biphenyl unit within the molecular core can almost compensate for the longitudinal dipole moment of this part of the mesogenic molecule, while only a minor contribution caused by the polar groups on the last phenyl ring remains almost uncompensated [9]. The replacement of the ether or ester groups (or

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• 10.3762/bjnano.8.256 Abstract The determination of the negative ion yield of 2′-chloro-1,1′-biphenyl (2-Cl-BP), 2′-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl (2-Br-BP) and 2′-iodo-1,1′-biphenyl (2-I-BP) upon dissociative electron attachment (DEA) at an electron energy of 0 eV revealed cross section values that were more than

• approximately 1:0.7:0.6. Inspired by these results, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the respective biphenyl-4-thiols, 2-Cl-BPT, 2-Br-BPT, 2-I-BPT as well as BPT, were grown on a Au(111) substrate and exposed to 50 eV electrons. The effect of electron irradiation was investigated by X-ray photoelectron

• expect the DEA cross section for chloro-biphenyl to be low, as this channel is not accessible where the attachment cross section is highest, that is, near 0 eV. The DEA cross section for the bromo analogue should be somewhat higher as this channel is accessible at lower energies. Finally, for the iodo

Ester formation at the liquid–solid interface

• Nguyen T. N. Ha,
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar,
• Nguyen D. C. Yen,
• Carola Mende,
• Lars Smykalla,
• Maik Schlesinger,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Michael Mehring and
• Michael Hietschold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2139–2150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.213

• reaction, etc. have been explored on surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In the publication by Hla et al. [1] the reaction of two single iodobenzene molecules towards one biphenyl molecule (an Ullmann reaction) on the edge of a monoatomic step of a Cu(111) substrate surface has been

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• (2.07 g, 12.47 mmol, 35%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.96–8.03 (m, 4H, ArH). This material was used without further purification in the next step. Synthesis of H2L6, step 3,4'-(methylthio)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid 4-Boronobenzoic acid (3.00 g, 18.08 mmol), 4-bromothioanisole (4.41 g, 21.70

• gave 4'-(methylthio)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid as a white solid (1.15 g, 4.71 mmol, 26% based on 4-boronobenzoic acid). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.53 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.38 (d, 3J = 9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.71 (d, 3J = 9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.71 (d, 3J = 9 Hz, 2H, ArH). This material was used without further

• purification in the next step. Synthesis of H2L6, step 4,4'-mercapto-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid 4'-(Methylthio)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid (428 mg, 1.75 mmol) and NaSCH3 were dissolved in degassed N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (40 mL) and stirred at 110 °C for 72 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the

Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption of vibrational modes of organic molecules

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Olga Cherkasova,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Ekatherina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 975–981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.99

• enhance the SEIRA signal by molecular vibrations in model adsorbates such as octadecanthiol (ODT) [16] and 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) by up to five orders of magnitude [17]. The IR absorption bands of these molecules become pronounced, even for molecular monolayers, by tuning the localized

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• nature of the backbones of the SAM-building molecules [1][4]. It is well-known that long-chained alkyl moieties [9] promote the formation of well-ordered thiolate monolayers on gold via van der Waals forces. Another example for highly crystalline monolayers are biphenyl [10][11][12] and terphenyl [13][14

• in a SAM are more upright in presence of an odd number of methylene spacers and are stronger tilted when an even number of –CH2– groups is present (or when –CH2– groups are absent) [10][46][47][48]. For instance, biphenyl- [11][39] and terphenyl-terminated [13] thiolate SAMs on gold show distinctive

• corresponding odd–even effects. For SAMs of similar, biphenyl-based selenolates on Au(111), the same effect has been reported [12][49][50]. As an approach to rationalize the non-linearity of the gold–sulfur–carbon bond angle, the sulfur atom's tendency of sp3 hybridization was discussed [13][39] and also

Calculating free energies of organic molecules on insulating substrates

• Julian Gaberle,
• David Z. Gao and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 667–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.71

• organic molecules on an insulating substrate are discussed. The adhesion of 1,3,5-tri(4'-cyano-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)benzene (TCB) and 1,4-bis(4-cyanophenyl)-2,5-bis(decyloxy)benzene (CDB) molecules to step edges on the KCl(001) surface and the formation of molecular dimers were studied using classical

• -tri(4'-cyano-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)benzene (TCB) and 1,4-bis(cyanophenyl)-2,5-bis(decyloxy)benzene (CDB) molecules on an insulating KCl(001) surface and partitioned it into entropy and enthalpy contributions. Previously we found that entropy loss can give significant contributions to free energy of

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• correlation between obtained results of different characterization techniques is reliable only for the same device. This study demonstrates charge transport properties in OLED devices formed by indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD)/Alq3/Al system. The

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• electronegativity of portions of the entire molecule. For example, similar calculations for G9 attached to different molecules show charge transfer ranging from 0.0005 e− for G9–biphenyl to 0.049 e− for G9–nitrophenyl. Although the predicted charge transfer is small, it has significant consequences, as discussed

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• line mode. The image acquisition was usually performed with fewer frame averages if the image noise level was observed to decrease to a negligible level. The CNMs were prepared as described elsewhere [26] from the following molecules: (a) S-(pyren-1-ylmethyl) ethanethioate (MP1); (b) 1,1'-biphenyl-4

Conductance through single biphenyl molecules: symmetric and asymmetric coupling to electrodes

• Karthiga Kanthasamy and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1690–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.171

• break junction technique (MCBJ), the conductive properties of [1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-dithiol (M1) and of 4’-mercapto-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (M2) between gold electrodes. As a function of electrode separation, characterized by the conductance close to 0 V, we found several plateaus of relative

• conductive properties of individual molecular groups. Keywords: biphenyl; metallic break junctions; molecular conductance; Introduction The ultimate goal of molecular electronics is to implement single molecules as active functional elements in future electronic devices such as amplifiers, rectifiers

• techniques [32]. We employ the MCBJ technique to contact the molecules because of its robustness and the high stability. One of the prototype molecules investigated in the past both experimentally [21][32][33][34] as well as theoretically [35][36][37][38][39] is the biphenyl molecule with various end groups

Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes

• Anne-Florence Tran-Van and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1320–1333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.145

• , which can be explained by the increase of ring strain. Furthermore, a synthesis of a pyrene-inserted CPP was developed by the Itami group (Scheme 5) [52]. This molecule represents a CPP that was benzannulated and π-extended at the bay-region by converting two biphenyl units into a pyrene unit. Pyrene

Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes

• Andreas Mrugalla and
• Jürgen Schnack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98

• dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes. We show that one-dimensional graphene-like stripes constitute a highly symmetric quasi one-dimensional energetically favorable ground state. This state does not cross-link. Instead cross-linked structures are formed from highly excited

• structure in the sense of atomic positions and mechanical properties such as vibrational spectra or Young’s moduli [16]. Theoretical method Our theoretical investigations comprise the generation of initial arrangements of 10 × 10 biphenyl carbon skeletons, i.e., 1200 carbon atoms. The calculation includes

• lattice) array of intact biphenyl carbon skeletons. As soon as they acquire some tilt angle they arrange in form of graphene stripes. This is practically independent of the twist angle and the lateral geometry of the SAM. The stripe structure forms even if the initial state is moderately excited by carbon

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• characterized by bulge test in an atomic force microscope (AFM): biphenyl-based CNMs possess a Young’s modulus of ca. 10 GPa and a remarkable tensile strength of ca. 600 MPa [4]. The possibility of transferring CNMs and their high mechanical strength make them suitable candidates for nanoelectromechanical

• approaches have been used to exploit the capabilities of HIM, such as ion milling [21], scanning helium ion beam lithography (SHIBL) [22], and helium ion beam induced deposition (HIBID) [20]. Here we used 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT) as a molecular precursor to form SAMs on a Au substrate and

• , the DEA process is more efficient for secondary electrons with lower energies around 2 eV. The DEA process is endothermic, as the electron affinity of a biphenyl molecule (3–7 kJ/mol) is much smaller than the bond energy of C–H (ca. 430 kJ/mol) [31][32]. The characteristic energy barriers for cross

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• ′-(mercaptomethyl)-terphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (MTCA, see Figure 1b) [40] and the monodentate Lewis base one was formed from (4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methanethiol (PPP1, see Figure 1b) [41]. Similar to other M2L2P (M = Cu, Zn; L = benzene­1,4-dicarboxylate (bdc), tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate

• -biphenyl]-4-yl)methanethiol (PPP1, synthesized according to [57]) or 0.1 mM 4'-(mercaptomethyl)-terphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (MTCA, synthesized according to [40]) solution in ethanol for 24 h. Microcontact printing Patterned SAMs were fabricated by microcontact printing (µCP) using PDMS stamps, which were

Distribution of functional groups in periodic mesoporous organosilica materials studied by small-angle neutron scattering with in situ adsorption of nitrogen

• Monir Sharifi,
• Dirk Wallacher and
• Michael Wark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.49

• ], divinylbenzene [12] or biphenyl [13]. However, direct experimental proofs for this molecular-scale periodicity are only rarely given. Gas sorption [14], wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), i.e., powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and IR spectroscopy [15] are commonly used as analysis tools for porous materials in

Electron-beam patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates for Cu electrodeposition and lift-off

• Zhe She,
• Andrea DiFalco,
• Georg Hähner and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 101–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.11

• surface, similar to alkanethiol SAMs [29][30][49][50] and other biphenyl based thiols previously studied [15][25][26][33]. The shift of about −0.27 V to +0.3 V is, however, significantly smaller compared to a long chain alkanethiol such as octadecanethiol for which the shift amounts to about −0.6 V. We