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Search for "brain" in Full Text gives 83 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53
- drug abuse [21]. Animal experiments demonstrated Ag accumulation in the liver, kidneys, brain, and testis after oral exposure to AgNPs; however, the chemical form of Ag remained undefined in these cases [22]. In media of high ionic strength and low pH the AgNPs aggregate and/or dissolve [23]. Under
- plasma (BP), or in 1% (w/v) liver, brain, and kidney homogenates. In most tissue homogenates, AgNPs were well dispersed as shown in Figure 3. Although some aggregates were also visible under these conditions, there were no large crystals in kidney, liver, or brain homogenates as observed in vivo (Figure
- TEM data revealed quite interesting results. Incubation of AgNO3 in the liver and brain homogenates led to the formation of small AgNPs as presented in Figure 4d and Figure 4e, which was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Figure 4f and Figure 4g). Transformation of different
A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36
- between the groups [83][128]. Human exposure to silver occurs mainly through three different routes, viz. dermal, oral, and through inhalation. After exposure, AgNPs can potentially get accumulated within secondary organs, including the liver, spleen, and brain. Although a large amount of data is
Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27
- potential to advance conventional intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) by utilising brain-compatible soft nanomaterials. The resultant technique has significantly high spatial and temporal resolution, both of which enhance the localisation of brain functions and the mapping of dynamic language
- processing. This review presents findings on aphasia, an impairment in language and communication, and discusses how different brain imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and iEEG, have advanced our understanding of the neural networks underlying language and
- reading processing. We then outline the strengths and weaknesses of iEEG in studying human cognition and the development of intracranial recordings that use brain-compatible flexible electrodes. We close by discussing the potential advantages and challenges of future investigations adopting nanomaterial
Transient coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122
- , Czech Republic National Aviation University, Liubomyra Huzara ave. 1, Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine 10.3762/bjnano.11.122 Abstract Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and excessive extracellular glutamate concentration is a characteristic feature of stroke, brain
- identified. Glutamate-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be used for glutamate delivery to the nervous system or for glutamate adsorption (but with lower effectiveness) in stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and cancer treatment following by its subsequent removal using a magnetic field. γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with
- transient glutamate biocoating can be useful for multifunctional theranostics. Keywords: blood plasma; brain nerve terminals; glutamate biocoating; maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles; protein biocorona; Introduction Glutamate is a main fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Normal
Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94
- many species including humans. There are reports of natural magnetite and ferritin formation in the brain and in tumors [50]. When degraded in the body (but only up to certain concentrations/doses), SPIONs are turned into nontoxic iron ions, and are stored in the liver [38]. If the concentration is too
- kept for storage similar to the Fe collected from dead red blood cells. This can only happen up to the maximum capacity of the spleen [67]. Studying the diffusion of SPIONs in the brain for MRI, Wang and collaborators [128] showed that dextran-coated SPIONs (20 nm) have a good dispersion in the
- interstitial space of the rat brain, with a retention maximum at 6 h after injection and a clearance of two weeks. When using gold-coated SPIONs they noticed that all nanoparticles remained close to the injection site and were internalized after 24 h and resistant to clearance. Kasten and et al. [30] found
Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72
- Central nervous system diseases are a heavy burden on society and health care systems. Hence, the delivery of drugs to the brain has gained more and more interest. The brain is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier formed by the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvessels
- , which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of
- nanoparticles (AuNPs); blood–brain barrier (BBB); drug delivery; liposomes; nanomedicine; polymeric nanoparticles; solid lipid nanoparticles; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs); Introduction Neurological disorders and brain diseases are real burdens for modern societies and healthcare systems
Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42
- observed for [Au25(ZWMe2)18] in the tumor after 5 h and a slight decrease after 24 h. The tumor-to-skin ratio was determined after 1 and 24 h. It was found to be higher for [Au25(ZWMe2)18] and remained constant. To further validate the uptake in orthotropic brain tumors, NCs were injected into mice bearing
- U87MG tumors engrafted in the brain (Figure 7F). Again, [Au25(ZWMe2)18] was found to yield a three times stronger signal than [Au25(SG)18] at 1 h post-injection. Chen et al. have shown that zwitterionic LA-sulfobetaine-capped AuNCs can be used for in vivo shortwave infrared imaging using a mouse model
- . reported the in vivo formation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters for imaging the brain affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [102]. The redox microenvironment in the AD brain is characterized by relatively low oxygen metabolism and more free radicals compared to that of a healthy brain. When AD occurs, a
Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244
- science. They have fundamentally changed our understanding of the way dosage forms can facilitate drug therapy. Prof. Jörg Kreuter has been a pioneer in this research area and dedicated his life’s work to nanoparticle research and the blood–brain barrier [2]. One of his most outstanding discoveries, the
- active transport of nanoparticles into the central nervous system using the low-density lipoprotein receptor family [3][4][5][6], provided an entry route for the cytostatic drug doxorubicin into the brain. The drug delivery system has been tested in a phase II clinical trial and hopefully will make its
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207
- visualize internal tissues in vivo, and functional MRI (fMRI) can map brain activity with millimeter-scale resolution, which is a significant improvement for clinical diagnosis [10]. This application of nano-MRI is being actively developed with the aim of reaching nanometer-scale resolution, which would
Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205
- conjunction with focused ultrasound, and under magnetic resonance imaging guidance, for achieving blood/brain and blood/tumor barrier crossing of drugs [11][12]. Medical MBs have a shell consisting of surfactants, phospholipids, or polymers and are usually stabilized by a fluorocarbon gas [13] that acts as an
- MBs that incorporate IONPs are often made of polymers. For example, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were embedded in the wall of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate)-based MBs, allowing the blood‒brain barrier penetration to be monitored [23]. Soft-shell colloids called lipospheres have
Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195
- ) using clinical settings for helical brain scanning (80 kVp and 330 mAs) in a coronal plane to the tubes-containing nanoparticles with in-plane resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 mm and slice thickness of 5 mm. Images were retrospectively reconstructed into an isotropic voxel of 0.5 mm3 and loaded into the ImageJ
Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181
- Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.181 Abstract In this work, a peptide-modified, biodegradable, nontoxic, brain-tumor-targeting nanoprobe based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (which have been commonly used as T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR
- construct the nanoprobe. Both in vitro and in vivo MR and optical imaging demonstrated that the as-constructed nanoprobe was effective and sensitive for tumor targeting with desirable biosafety. Given its desirable properties such as a 100 nm diameter (capable of penetration of the blood–brain barrier) and
- characterization. Precise tumor resection is critical for affected patients and allows for better prognosis due to the infiltrative and heterogeneous characterization of glioma [1]. Glioma originates from glial cells and is a malignant tumor of the brain that exhibits hypervascularity, especially the grade IV
Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175
- Institute for Brain Research, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000
Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104
- ][46][47] and shows transfer of nanoparticles to vascular organs, including the brain. However, the concentrations of nanoparticles used in these experiments are ca. 1000-fold higher than used in the present work. Moreover, there is currently no conclusive in vivo evidence that the nanoparticles cross
- the blood–brain barrier. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with citrate and mixed-matrix gold nanoparticles demonstrates that the mixed-matrix ligand shell markedly reduces the reaction of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the nanoparticles [48]. Therefore, whilst it remains to
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101
- attracted to NPs composed of hydrophobic core materials [30][31] resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood [18]. Moreover, covalent attachment of apolipoprotein A–I and apolipoprotein E to the NP surface enables drug transport across the blood–brain barrier [32]. Here, both proteins were identified
Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95
- are foreign objects, careful evaluation of their toxicological and functional aspects prior to medical application is imperative. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of gold and polymer-coated silica nanoparticles used in laser tissue soldering on brain endothelial cells and the blood
- –brain barrier using rat brain capillary endothelial cells (rBCEC4). All types of nanoparticles were taken up time-dependently by the rBCEC4 cells, albeit to a different extent, causing a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Nanoparticle exposure did not change cell proliferation
- , differentiation, nor did it induce inflammation. rBCEC4 cells showed blood–brain barrier characteristics including tight junctions. None of the nanoparticles altered the expression of tight junctions or impaired the blood–brain barrier permeability. The findings suggest that effects of these nanoparticles on the
The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91
- a decrease in free radical scavenging enzymes in organs were observed. Our results indicated that the treatment with PEG-nGO caused an increased OS to the organs in the first few hours of treatment. However, the liver completely recovered from the OS after 4 h. Brain, heart and kidneys showed an
- increased OS even after 4 h. In conclusion increased OS induced by PEG-nGO could be detrimental to brain, heart and kidneys. Keywords: nano-graphene oxide; nanomedicine; oxidative stress; PEGylation; Introduction The recent progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology that has facilitated the synthesis of
- * < 0.05) in the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys of the treated groups. The MDA concentration level showed an increase to 140%, 330%, 170%, and 340% in brain, heart, liver and kidneys, respectively. Tissues of heart and kidneys are greatly influenced by PEG-nGO, as the detected level of MDA was more than
Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16
- drug-loaded liposomes for glioblastoma treatment. Glioblastoma, localized in the brain, represents one of the major challenges in drug delivery due to the necessity to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB inhibits the passage of 98% of the medicines administered through the systemic route and
- lipoprotein receptor (LPR) typically overexpressed in glioma and in BBB cells [62] and therefore, it shows excellent capabilities for the penetration into the brain through the transcytosis pathway. The peptide tLyP-1 also exhibits both tissue penetration ability through the neurophilin-1-dependent C-end rule
Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233
- both in vitro and in vivo studies [5]. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with a trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide modification encapsulated with the drug doxorubicin showed enhanced toxicity in brain cancer models [6]. Further, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were successfully used
Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174
- geometries have been fabricated on flexible substrates for the purpose of acting as brain–computer interfaces [21], while single nanoscale nonplanar electrodes with complex topographies have been obtained using advanced stencil lithography [22]. Because γ > 0, the configuration illustrated in Figure 1a
Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140
- University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia, Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy and School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia 10.3762
Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85
- through the spinal cord to the brain, the central processing part of a body. The combination of the spinal cord and brain is what makes up the central nervous system (CNS). In (simpler) invertebrates, the range of organisms has led to the evolution of several alternative simpler central/peripheral nervous
- glial cells (e.g., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) exist to protect neurons and maintain homeostasis by removing material and minimizing damage to the body. However, this “protection” of the blood–brain barrier through glial scarring also creates barriers in the exact area where axons need to regrow
- peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the branching network of nerves that attaches to the receptors sending signals to the brain or sending signals to muscle from the brain (Figure 2E). Injuries to the PNS tend to have more restorative function after healing than in the CNS. The reason is the body’s
Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64
- 82: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements F. T. thanks to the TUBITAK Co-Fund Brain Circulation Scheme Fellowship (Project No: 116C031).
Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32
- and their immune privileged nature, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic and imaging agents, such as drug-conjugated NPs [3][4]. MSCs are adult stem cells that can be isolated from various organs, including brain, liver, kidney, lung, bone marrow, muscle
Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243
- –Phe–Pro–Gly–Pro) with a sequence very similar to the ACTH(4–10) fragment (Met–Glu–His–Phe–Arg–Trp–Gly). Differently from the parent molecule ACTH, Semax has no hormonal activity [31]. In vitro and in vivo studies of the peptide activity have shown that Semax affects cognitive brain function with a
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