Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• ) for providing the research infrastructure. Special thanks are extended to Alexandra Kleinclauss and Isabelle Fries (Université de Lorraine) for their valuable contributions to the cell culture and cytocompatibility assays. The graphical abstract was composed by the authors using Microsoft PowerPoint

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• retaining a blue color, while the MBC was determined by subculturing non-turbid wells onto MHA plates and identifying the lowest concentration that yielded no visible bacteria colonies after 24 h. Cytotoxicity assays Cell culture and Alamar Blue assay HT-29 colon cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer, and L929

• ]. NCs were dissolved in DMSO (10 mg/mL) stock and the DMSO concentration in the cell culture medium was not more than 0.1%. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well, and the plates were incubated in a humidified incubator (95% air and 5% CO2) at 37 °C for 24 h. Triplicate

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• buffer, pH 2.0) were included in the assay. Surface adhesion assay The adhesion of rPpolcp19k-his in both monomeric and fibril form was studied by surface coating assay using surfaces typical of cell culture experiments, namely, hydrophilic 96-well polystyrene tissue culture-treated plates (Sarstedt

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• cell culture The mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line 3T3 cells (ATCC® CRL-1658) were cultured in 25 cm2 culture flasks with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Culture Medium (DMEM, Life Technologies, Cat. 12800-058, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technologies

• cytocompatibility assay was the two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. In vitro antileishmanial activity Parasite cell culture The cultures of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes were carried out in 25 cm2 flasks containing RPMI medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil) supplemented with 10% FBS and 10

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and Pt complex octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) by nanosecond laser fragmentation of the corresponding microcrystalline powders in an aqueous solution of the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic® F-127. All nanoparticles dispersed stably in phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture media without

• application as photosensitizers for PDT. We have already reported the nanoparticle fabrication of some MPcs by PLAL using deionized water [13][14][15]. The nanoparticles dispersed well in pure water, but precipitated in a buffer solution and a cell culture medium after one day. In this study, therefore, an

• , the pure nanoparticles precipitated after one day in PBS, while the nanoparticles with F-127 remained stably dispersed over one week. A similar dispersion stability was observed for cell culture media such as MEM and RPMI1640. Nanoparticles of other MPcs and PtOEP prepared in 0.1 wt % F-127 aqueous

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• (PS, Capricorn Scientific), and 1% ʟ-glutamine (Pan Biotech). Cells were incubated at 37 °C with 5% percent CO2 and 90% humidity. All experiments were performed after cells reached 100% confluence, and the NMs treatment procedure was the same. Both types of NMs were dispersed in cell culture medium

• ) colorimetric assay to determine the nontoxic concentration levels of both NMs and the impact of US exposure on viability. The oxidized form of the dye enters the cytosol when it is added to the cell culture, and it is converted to its reduced form by the mitochondrial enzyme activity of living cells [39

• . After 24 h, the cells were treated with NMs with increasing concentration (1, 5, and 10 µg/mL) and incubated for 1, 4, and 7 days. Then, 10% Alamar Blue solution in cell culture medium was prepared and added to each well to incubate for 3 h. Afterward, the absorbance of the solution was measured at 570

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• light source. The concentration of the phototransformed 2 was determined spectrophotometrically by taking into account the absorption changes at 290 and 400 nm, and Δε290 = 8500 M−1·cm−1 and Δε400 = 9600 M−1·cm−1, respectively. I was calculated by potassium ferrioxalate actinometry. Cell culture Primary

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• specific proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane, may shed light on the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Experimental Cell culture, isolation protocol, and viability measurements HeLa cells [54][55] (CCL™), obtained from ATTC, were cultured and harvested in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• vitro cellular models aiming to eventually understand biodistribution and cargo delivery efficiency of the LNPs in vivo. For in vitro cell culture, fetal calf serum (FCS) is supplemented to culture media to provide nutrients and promote cell viability and growth. Heat inactivation of FCS is often

• Integrated DNA Technologies and were annealed in-house for 5 min at 97 °C. siRNA sequence: Sense: ‘5-GGA CGA GGU GCC UAA AGG AdCdG-3’ Antisense: ‘5-UCC UUU AGG CAC CUC GUC CdCdG-3’. FCS was obtained from Gibco, Biowest and Lonza. Cell culture Brain cancer cell line U87-MG (ATCC) and breast cancer cell line

• the cell culture media. We initially hypothesized that this difference may have been the result of differences in FCS protein concentrations. Indeed, LNP uptake by HMEC-1 increases with the concentration of (heat treated) FCS (Figure 1A). This is most likely the result of enhanced shedding of PEG

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• antioxidant properties of laser-fragmented curcumin As LFL of curcumin was more efficient than that of CBD, curcumin was tested for its cytotoxic and antioxidant potential in an in vitro cell culture model. The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was chosen for analyzing the antioxidant capacity of LP1

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• Hoechst 33258 were obtained from MERCK Sigma-Aldrich Reagent (Darmstadt, Germany). α-MEM cell culture medium was purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were acquired from Dominique Dutscher (Brumath, France). The

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• were obtained from American Type Cell Culture (Cat. No. CCL-185; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Primary antibodies anti-β-actin (Cat. No. 4970), anti-LC-3-I/II (Cat. No. 12741), anti-ATG-7 (Cat. No. 88577) and anti-beclin-1 (Cat. No. 3495) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The

• GFP-LC3 plasmid was a kind gift from Dr. Soumya Sinha Roy, CSIR-IGIB, India. The antifade mounting media Vectashield was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA). All other chemicals were locally obtained and were of analytical reagent grade. Cell culture plastic wares were obtained

• -resolution transmission electron microscope (Technai G2 F30 STWIN, Japan), field emission scanning electron microscope (FEI, Quanta FEG 450, USA), and atomic force microscope (Nanoscope, Veeco V, USA) [28][29][30]. Cell culture A549 cells from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• Cytell Cell Imaging multifunctional system (GE Healthcare Life Science, Sweden) [38]. The experiments utilized a Chang liver cell line (human liver cells) from the N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology and a cell culture of WI-38 VA 13 subline 2RA (human embryo lung

• ) from the collection of the Institute of Cytology RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia). Standard culture medium Igla, produced by the Moscow Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis, was employed for cell culture, supplemented with 1% nonessential amino acids (NEAA) and 10% fetal bovine serum. The

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• testosterone-induced alopecia suggested that QCT-PLHNPs exhibited significantly higher regrowth of hairs than free QCT. Yin and co-workers developed QCT-encapsulated cholate-modified PLHNPs (QCT-cPLHNPs) to achieve better therapeutic efficacy against leukemia [92]. Cell culture studies suggested that the QCT

• environments. Because of the excellent pharmaceutical attributes and mucoadhesive characteristics, the THQ-PLHNPs show controlled release characteristics and manyfold enhanced intestinal permeation compared to free THQ suspension. Cell culture experiments suggested that the fabricated THQ-PLHNPs significantly

• (TNBC) [120]. IQN-PLHNPs exhibited high stability in the harsh GI milieu. Cell culture experiment suggested that the IQN-PLHNPs showed a nearly twofold increase in cell uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells thereby better cytotoxicity was achieved. IQN-PLHNPs are effectively absorbed from the GI tract and showed a

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• improved colloidal stability [25][26]. Remarkably, functionalized NPs were stable in a complex medium (cell culture medium and human plasma) and showed greater potential for recognition by tumor cells. Material and Methods Materials Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

• 1.0 mg·mL–1) and later used for the quantification of captured SiO2NPs-ZW-FO. The calculations were performed using the value obtained at the maximum of the emission band. Stability of SiO2NPs in cell culture medium and human plasma Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed to

• corona formation in cell culture medium and human plasma To verify the adsorption of proteins on the functionalized SiO2NPs, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) experiment was performed. For this, the nanomaterials (in concentrations of 2 to 5 mg·mL–1) were incubated in

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• incubation times was studied. Experimental Materials Doxorubicin and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The water utilized in the experiments was purified by a Barnstead (Dubuque, IA, USA) ROpure LP® reverse osmosis unit. Cell culture Experiments were conducted using

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• ’ kinetics, migration, and transformation than in vitro cell culture assays [14]. Meanwhile, it is considered an equivalent model for investigating developmental toxicity and genotoxicity because around 85% of its genes are comparable to those found in humans [15]. The potential harm to human health posed by

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• proliferation. The authors reported a significant improvement of cytocompatibility with the creation of a preosteoblastic monolayer on the coated surface after one week of cell culture. Chen and co-workers [95] investigated the effect of GO coating as antifibrotic on metal implants. They controlled the

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• pH 5.4. After that, the nanoparticles were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm, and the pellets were collected and freeze-dried. The drugs that remained in the nanoparticle were determined as described above. Cell culture The human breast carcinoma MCF7 cell line, the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, and the

• form with a core size of around 100 nm (Figure 1B). For this reason, the nanoprecipitation–diffusion technique was utilized to produce the particles employed in the study. Furthermore, after dispersing the nanoparticles in cell culture medium with 10% FBS, the size and PDI of the nanoparticles

• increased, respectively, to 372 nm and 0.486 for F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780, and, respectively, to 288 nm and 0.663 for F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780. The increase in nanoparticle size could be the result of protein absorption the nanoparticle surface [38]. However, the absorption of protein from the cell culture

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• incubated in cell culture medium for 24 h (37 °C and 5% CO2). The mass of the discs varied, so the applied volume of culture medium was proportionally adjusted (0.1 mg of scaffold in 1 mL of medium). The control medium containing the same salt concentration as the scaffolds were sterile filtered by 0.2 µm

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• (Solarbio Life Sciences, Beijing, China) at 37 °C for 30 min. Cytotoxicity assays The Huh-7 cells were seeded onto 4-chamber cell culture slides (Nalge Nunc International, Rochester, NY, USA) at a density of 1.0 × 106 cells/chamber. The cells were incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 24 h. The DMEM medium was

• replaced with fresh medium containing various concentrations of CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs (10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL), and the 4-chamber cell culture slides were placed in a 37 °C water bath. Then, a 0.035 inch heating guidewire (HG) was attached to the bottom of the first of the 4-chamber cell culture slides and

• temperature of each chamber was recorded by a 0.9 mm optical fiber temperature probe (FL-2000, Anritsu Meter Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The 2.0 × 105 and 1.0 × 106 Huh-7 cells were seeded onto 96-well plates or 4-chamber cell culture slides, and incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 24 h. According to the above

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• Figure 13. Briefly, HUVECs were seeded in EGM-2 medium at a density of 4 × 104/cm2 on ThinCert™ cell culture inserts (12 wells, 0.4 µm pore size PET membrane Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria) previously covered with 2% bovine skin gelatin type B and grown for 24 h. Also, 10.5 × 104/cm2 THP-1 macrophages per

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• was obtained from Cao et al. [26], where the zeta potential of MeOx NPs was measured in a cell culture of 20% fetal bovine complete medium. Dataset II was taken from Toropova et al. [27], where cell damage measurement was performed based on the uptake of propidium iodide (PI). The dataset is related