Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• preparation Composite electrodes with a composition of 90 wt % active material (Si/C composite, pure carbon matrix or mixture of pure carbon matrix and Si-NPs), 5 wt % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as binder (Walocel CRT 2000 PPA 12; Dow Wolff Cellulosics) and 5 wt % conductive agent (C-nergy Super

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• synthetic polymeric scaffolds exhibit controllable degradation, good mechanical properties and can be modified easily, they cannot be as bioactive as natural polymers. Moreover, due to their hydrophobicity they hinder significant cellular growth and subsequent tissue formation [14]. Therefore, cellulose

• through electrospinning, in order to prevent the inflammation that can occur after a total hip replacement surgery. Experimental Materials and methods Materials Cellulose acetate (CA, Mw = 30,000 g/mol), dexamethasone (≥97%), acetone (≥99.8%), trypsin and methylene blue were all purchased from Sigma

• partial esterification of cellulose with acetic acid. The esterification of hydroxy groups of cellulose increases the hydrophobicity of CA while at the same time the existence of ester bonds makes it more susceptible to degrading in aquatic environments. So, in a 5 month period the change of the scaffold

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• added. Afterwards, sources of metal and nonmetal dopants and hydroxypropyl cellulose were added. Table 1 shows sample labels, types and amounts of added dopants, thermal treatment temperatures and calculated crystallite sizes for different samples. The measured atomic percentages of dopants were

• observed for samples S3_N0.5+2% Pt (k1 = 0.53 h−1) and S3_N0.5+0.015M Pt (k1 = 0.55 h−1). Conclusion Nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and platinum (Pt)-doped titania thin films were prepared by a particulate sol–gel synthesis. An organic polymer (hydroxypropyl cellulose; HPC) was added to increase the porosity of

• nitrate (NH4NO3) from Zorka Šabac; hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, Mw = 100.000 g/mol) from Sigma-Aldrich; plasmocorinth B (PB, dye content ≈60%) from Sigma-Aldrich; thiourea (pro analysis) from Kemika and urea (98%) from Acros Organics. Synthesis Titanium dioxide was prepared by a particulate sol–gel

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• ]. The isolation of nanocellulose from natural sources is possible through nanotechnology, which requires combined methodologies including mechanical, chemical and other processes. The resulting cellulose nanofibers could have distinct morphologies such as a rod-like NPs (whiskers) or an entangled

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• the cell wall can be seen in Figure 7A(a). Cell walls are formed from complex polysaccharides, cellulose and pectin in the case of land-based plants. Adjacent cellulose walls of different plant cells are “glued” together by a pectin middle lamella. Plants grow based on a system of selective division

• those plants that survive above ground all year, encompassing trees, shrubs, and lianas (woody vines). Wood, the characteristic tissue in these plants, is fibrous cellulose composite. Primary growth refers the elongation of plant tissue that is seen across most plant species. While some herbaceous

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• . Experimental Chemicals Cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper powders were purchased from the local grocery store. 0.22 µm cellulose ester mixed Whatman filter paper, and 29.3 mm diameter dialysis tube (MWCO: 3.5 kDa) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Portugal). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

• coated autoclaves. Once finished, the resultant black carbonized solution was cooled down to room temperature. Subsequently, this solution was filtered through a 0.22 µm cellulose ester mixed Whatman filter paper in order to remove large particles. The brownish yellow filtrate solution was dialyzed in 1

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• 10.3762/bjnano.9.49 Abstract With the worsening of the oil-product pollution problem, oil–water separation has attracted increased attention in recent years. In this study, a porous three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO

• facile preparation process of carbon aerogels, these materials are viable candidates for use in oil–water separation and environmental protection. Keywords: 3D network structure; carbon aerogel; cellulose nanofibers; graphene oxide; oil absorption; poly(vinyl alcohol); Introduction In recent years, oil

• low adsorption capacity, secondary pollution and poor selectivity [3][4]. Therefore, there is a demand for the synthesis of renewable, effective and environmentally friendly sorbent materials to address the oil spill accidents. Cellulose is considered to be the most abundant renewable natural polymer

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• membrane could be coated by cellulose acetate (CA) solution. Frictional orientation The frictional orientation method is known as the doctor blade (DB) technique or tape casting. This technique is widely used to produce a variety of thin layers and coat substrates with wet films. A blade or a spiral film

• the nylon layer leading to the aligned CNTs, (d) mask CNT composite film with cellulose acetate (CA) casting solution, and (e) SEM images of aligned CNTs. Adapted with permission from [40], copyright 2013 Nature Publishing Group. Schematic setup of a spiral film applicator (a) and SEM image of

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• , we have successfully used this advantage in the preparation of TiO2 particles by the biotemplate technique while impregnating cellulose with a concentrated solution of titanium polyhydroxo complexes [17]. In order to improve the textural and photocatalytic properties of pillared MM, researchers have

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• DNA, collagen, chitin, viruses, as well as phospholipids and cellulose [23][24]. In test tubes, biocolloidal systems can be finely tuned to form self-organized structures by complex interplays between entropic and enthalpic driving forces, electrostatic and viscoelastic effects, and hydrophilic and

• cholesteric droplets of concentrated suspensions of α-chitin and chitosan have been reported [45], and nematic order was also confirmed in the solutions of collagen type IV [46]. Similarly, the cholesteric phase behavior of cellulose fibrils is well established. For all these cases, the isotropic–nematic

• coherence within local microenvironments in vivo, similar to our native tissue function [128]. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase transition of a dispersion of rod-like particles as a function of rod volume fraction (i.e., rod concentration). A biopolymer (such as dsDNA, collagen, chitin and cellulose) or a

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• , Goutailler et al. deposited an anatase/brookite NP mixture on cellulose from tetrabutylammonium bromide (N(n-Bu)4Br)/titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4) solutions in hexane [32]. These NPs strongly interact via non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds [33][34]) with the cellulose fibers and the

Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Octavian Danila,
• Pedro L. Almeida and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.18

• in a similar fashion as PDLCs (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals), produced from cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun fibers deposited onto indium tin oxide coated glass and a nematic liquid crystal (E7), were studied. CA and the CA/liquid crystal composite were characterized by multiple investigation

• dielectric loss with the Havriliak–Negami functions. To determine the electrical characteristics of the studied samples, impedance measurements results were treated using the Cole–Cole diagram and the three-element equivalent model. Keywords: cellulose nanocomposite; dielectric spectroscopy; impedance

• optoelectronics (light valves, polarizers), architectural windows, reduction of solar heat load [2][6], nonlinear optics [7][8][9] and nanotechnological applications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The macroscopic electro-optical effect in electrospun cellulose acetate/LC composites is similar to

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• (e.g., sugar, cellulose). The global demand for food is increasing dramatically with the continuous growth of the world population [47]. An increase in population requires more land, water and energy, which in turn decreases the ability to produce food. Meanwhile, the requirement for more land results

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) [49], mercaptoundecanoic acid [38][39], 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one (PVP) [33][41], or hydroxypropyl cellulose [45][46][47]. In addition, in some studies, an adhesion layer was formed on the metal NP surface in order to better control the TiO2 shell growth [48]. The

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• -Aldrich, Germany. The chitosan used for coating the nanoparticles (Protasan UP G-113; MW: <200 kDa, viscosity: <20 mPa·s), was purchased from Novamatrix, Norway. Cellulose membrane dialysis tubing (avgerage flat width 25 mm, MWCO: 14,000 Da) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. All other chemicals

• dialysis membrane (Sigma, cellulose membrane, MWCO: 100,000 Da, Sigma Chemicals). The nanoparticle-containing dialysis bags, closed with stoppers on both ends, were placed in PBS pH 7.4 containing 0.1% Tween 80 at 37 °C to provide sink conditions. The samples were taken from the medium at specific time

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• than 100 nm and a net positive surface charge to facilitate cellular internalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared to incorporate these nanoparticle dispersions to complete the implantable drug delivery system. Results: The diameter of core–shell

• particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO. Conclusion

• . Dialysis tubing cellulose membrane (average flat width 25 mm, MWCO: 14,000 Da) and all organic solvents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore Simplicity 185 ultrapure water system, France and used without further purification. Methods Pre

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• particles were purified by dialysis against water (4 L, water exchange after 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 12 h) with dialysis membrane (Nadir, regenerated cellulose membrane, molecular weight cut-off: 10–20 kDa) from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), followed by filtration using a sterile 0.22 µm cellulose acetate

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• methanol, dried under ambient conditions and subsequently dissolved in water by neutralizing with 25 wt % aqueous ammonia solution. The clear polymer solution was transferred into dialysis tubing (Aldrich, cellulose membrane, typical molecular weight cut-off: 3500 kDa) and the dialysis was carried out

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• bacterial cellulose. The smallest particle size was obtained with a 71% RDX/gelatine mixture. However, increasing the content of RDX leads to an increase in the particle size and the maximum RDX loading tested was 91% resulting in a mean particle diameter of 50 nm. The sensitivity of this composite towards

• impact and friction was reduced by two times, therefore questioning the reactivity. Nevertheless, further efforts were made to replace the bacterial cellulose with an energetic matrix. Crystallization in solution allows the formation of large crystals by growth, thus allowing more parametric studies

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• dispersal. Kreitschitz et al. studied these tribological properties of the seed envelope under different hydration conditions and revealed the presence of cellulose fibrils in the mucilage in a microscopy study, which are presumably responsible for the uniform distribution of the mucilaginous layer on the

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• polyethyleneimine (PEI; cationic nanoparticles) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; anionic nanoparticles) and loaded with defined amounts of the fluorescently labelled proteins HTRA1, HTRA2, and BSA. The nanoparticles were purified by ultracentrifugation and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning

• solutions was adjusted beforehand with aqueous NaOH (0.1 M; Merck, p.a.) to pH 9. A few seconds after mixing, 1 mL of the calcium phosphate nanoparticle dispersion was taken with a syringe and mixed with 0.05 mL of either aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC; Sigma-Aldrich, Mw = 90 kDa, degree of

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethanes, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol [42][43], together with their testing in water treatment were reported in literature. The aim of this study was to develop new hybrid polymeric materials with four types of titania nanoparticles

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• genomic DNA [13], were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Streptavidin from Streptomyces avidinii, provided in lyophilized form in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4, was purchased from Invitrogen (Italy). Mixed cellulose ester membrane filters were purchased from Whatman (UK). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS

• reduction was obtained after 10 min. The solution was cooled to the room temperature and filtered through a 0.45 μm mixed cellulose ester membrane filter. To prevent light-induced flocculation of the colloids, all colloidal gold solutions were stored in the dark and refrigerated at 4 °C. Similar conditions