Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• crystallites in our MnPc films reach a size of up to 10 µm for their longer axis, which is attractive for high coercivity in magnetism and improved charge transport along the crystallites. Results from optical microscopy can be refined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 3a shows the XRD patterns of the as

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• , if the charge transport is limited by spin-selective electron–hole recombination [86]. In contrast to the unipolar OMAR (where bipolarons enhance the current flow) here two (oppositely charged) polaron pairs usually reduce the current: either by recombination or generation of a triplet exciton

Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts

• Vineeth Kumar Bandari,
• Lakshmi Varadharajan,
• Longqian Xu,
• Abdur Rehman Jalil,
• Mirunalini Devarajulu,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Feng Zhu and
• Oliver G. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1277–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.129

• Str. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.129 Abstract The investigation of charge transport in organic nanocrystals is essential to understand nanoscale physical properties of organic systems and the development of novel organic nanodevices. In this work, we fabricate organic nanocrystal

• diodes contacted by rolled-up robust nanomembranes. The organic nanocrystals consist of vanadyl phthalocyanine and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine heterojunctions. The temperature dependent charge transport through organic nanocrystals was investigated to reveal the transport properties of ohmic and

• space-charge-limited current under different conditions, for instance, temperature and bias. Keywords: charge transport; nanomembrane; organic diode; organic nanocrystal; rolled-up nanotechnology; Introduction Organic semiconductors have been widely applied in developing optoelectronic devices

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• for HER, in order to allow efficient charge transport through the electro-catalyst layers [21]. Both electronic and electro-catalytic applications of MoS2 share the key pre-requisite of a scalable and controllable fabrication technique for MoS2. Starting from early attempts with mechanical exfoliation

• cm length scale. In contrast, in many optimized device geometries the catalytically active MoS2 films are deposited onto highly conductive substrates, such as glassy carbon [18][20], where charge transport is then facilitated by current flowing only across the thin MoS2 film on a nm length scale into

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• films. This enhances the probability of bipolaron formation, which is the process responsible for magnetoresistance effects in our system. Thereby even ultrasmall magnetic fields as low as 0.7 mT can influence the resistance of the charge transport channel. Moreover, the magnetoresistance is drastically

• number of free charge carriers is available and the charge transport is hindered. In this scenario, the magnetic field induced reduction of the spin mixture and thus, the reduced bipolaron formation-probability leads to a release of charge carriers, resulting in an increase of the current. Finally

• Spiro-TTB (EHOMO = −4.9 eV) and the LUMO of HAT-CN (ELUMO = −5.1 eV), the intrinsically available number of holes and electrons is so large that the gate-induced charge carrier accumulation does not has a significant influence on the drain current Id [18]. Therefore, Vd does not only dominate the charge

Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C₆₀

• Daniel Waas,
• Florian Rückerl,
• Martin Knupfer and
• Bernd Büchner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.94

• (opto-)electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A key issue in any device is the energetics at the device interfaces as it determines charge transport across or charge separation at the corresponding interface [11][12]. Thus, it is not surprising that the investigation of organic

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• maintain unique 2D characteristics due to the functional separation of the layers at the nanoscale [93]. This hybrid system has potential for achieving the functional separation of charge transport and storage. A highly efficient, stable, sandwich-structured TiO2–Pt–graphene hybrid has been prepared by Xia

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• modification of unidentified surface aggregates. The aggregates are characterized electrically by Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), whereby the correlation between local electrical potential and current confirms a defective charge transport. Bimodal AFM modification

• solvent used in the fabrication process (chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene). We characterize the spatial and electrical properties of the aggregates, and show that the structures are clusters of thin molecular layers exhibiting hole-blocking properties, which can affect charge transport efficiency at the

• current image shows almost entirely no current for the surface aggregates (white = no current). Because the aggregation layer blocks most of the reverse bias current and some of the forward bias current, charge transport through the aggregates from the active layer to top electrode could hinder PSC

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• .7.196 Abstract Gold nanoparticle monolayers provide convenient templates to study charge transport in organic molecules beyond single junction techniques. Conductance is reported to increase by several orders of magnitude following immersion of alkanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers in a

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• interconnected, and the charge transport mechanism through the oxide film remains unaffected. The films are highly transparent, noticeable as the gold interdigital electrodes are visible through the film. The film grains for the composite samples S2, S3 and S4 were identified with dimensions in the sub-μm range

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• surface area. Moreover, the sponge-like walls (or petals) induce fast charge transport. However, lower sensitivity to various gases can be attributed to phase composition. Anatase and rutile are the most common titanium dioxide polymorphs, which exhibit different properties [43]. Anatase is a more

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• judiciously introduced, the molecules tend to realign in an upright position as the coverage density increases. In such a case, molecules often form π-stacked structures, thus, the mutual π–π interactions between molecules moderate the intermolecular charge transport within the organic structure. The charge

• injection and charge transport both are very important when considering potential applications in photovoltaics, electronics and other fields. Additionally, inherent surface defects, such as oxygen vacancies on the TiO2(110) surface, cannot be ignored because they affect the level alignment of the molecule

• of dye molecules. The careful selection of buffer layer molecules may lead to systems with unaffected charge transport from the excited states of dye molecules to the oxide electrode, with significantly diminished dye–substrate recombination, and increased stability and quality of the active top-most

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• ]. While the surface-to-volume ratio scales with NW radius and therefore can be controlled by adjusting synthesis conditions [11][12], the screening length depends on the density and dimensional character of the charge carriers in the NW [8]. Therefore it is crucial to investigate the charge transport

• -type charge transport. Inset: four-point current–voltage characteristic of the same NW. Radius-dependent charge transport properties in Ge NWs. (a) Electrical conductivity, (b) mobility and (c) charge carrier density as function of the NW radius R. Dotted lines in (a) and (b) are a guide to the eye

Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O

• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Andrea Picone,
• Federico Bottegoni and
• Marco Finazzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1527–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.146

• in organic devices, where the alignment of the HOMO and LUMO levels of the molecule with the substrate bands play a crucial role in charge transport. Experimental The experimental apparatus consists of a multichamber ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, base pressure in the 10−8 Pa range) system described

Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions

• Katharina Luka-Guth,
• Sebastian Hambsch,
• Andreas Bloch,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Bernd Michael Briechle,
• Filip Kilibarda,
• Torsten Sendler,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Artur Erbe and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1055–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.99

• , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.99 Abstract We report on an experimental study of the charge transport through tunnel gaps formed by adjustable gold electrodes immersed into different

• exposed to the solvent may also be considered. While the lifetime aspect is shortly addressed in our work, a comprehensive study of all these aspects is beyond the scope of this article. Conclusion We have investigated charge transport through tunnel contacts formed by the mechanically controllable break

Reorientation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in negative anisotropy liquid crystals by an electric field

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Gianluigi Zito,
• Teresa Cacace,
• Antigone Marino,
• José M. Otón and
• Morten A. Geday

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 825–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.74

• conductivity, where the charge transport is favored along the longitudinal axis [2]. Liquid crystals (LCs) are self-organized anisotropic fluids, well-known for their use in flat panel mobile, PC, and TV displays. Besides consumer electronic products, LCs are employed in many photonic devices such as spatial

• longitudinal axis parallel to the electrodes) to perpendicular (i.e., the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the electrodes) may be detected as a LC−SWCNT cell conductivity increase. This is attributed to the favored charge transport between the electrodes through the SWCNT longitudinal axis. The SWCNTs may

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• crystallization or dewetting may lead to films with a complex morphology that differs substantially from the homogeneous, closed and largely defect-free film, which is required for good charge transport. One has to take into account that differences in device morphology directly translate into differences in

• assembled at the crystal surface, probably exhibited a strong overlap of their π-orbitals, which is one of the main prerequisites for efficient charge transport [20]. Finally, we want to emphasize that the perylene derivative 1 used in this study can be replaced by many other semiconducting molecules, which

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• temperature gradients into electrical energy and for the local energy dissipation. More fundamentally, the study of thermoelectric effects in atomic-scale nanostructures and in molecular junctions gives important additional information of charge transport [2][3][4]. The thermopower is quantified by the

• from the behavior of bulk metals were found. The bulk values were retrieved for contacts larger than 10000 atoms in cross section only. Dell et al. [11] studied the charge transport characteristics of a series of organic molecules. Through thermo-voltage measurements, they showed that the transport

• combination allows the determination of the Seebeck coefficient of atomic-scale devices, which will lead to a better understanding of charge transport in these systems. The set-up is also suitable for measuring the thermopower of single-molecule contacts as well as to be operated at variable base temperature

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• . The morphological and spectroscopic analysis of the hybrid structures confirmed the ZnO thin film/nanorod growth and functional properties of bR. The photoactivity results of the bR protein further corroborated the sustainability of its charge transport property and biological activity. When exposed

• biological activity after immobilization on solid supports and exhibits charge transport in thin films [8][14][15]. These properties have attracted researchers for the development of novel bio-hybrid devices [5][7][16][17][18][19]. Hybrids of bR protein with various metal/metal oxides (e.g., Au, Ag, TiO2

Charge and heat transport in soft nanosystems in the presence of time-dependent perturbations

• Alberto Nocera,
• Carmine Antonio Perroni,
• Vincenzo Marigliano Ramaglia and
• Vittorio Cataudella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 439–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.39

• authors in other contexts [70], is based on the time-scale separation between the slow dot vibrational degrees of freedom and the fast electronic time scales involved in the thermal or charge transport. In [68][71][72], the case of a single vibrational mode within the Anderson–Holstein model has been

Invariance of molecular charge transport upon changes of extended molecule size and several related issues

• Ioan Bâldea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 418–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.37

• .7.37 Abstract As a sanity test for the theoretical method employed, studies on (steady-state) charge transport through molecular devices usually confine themselves to check whether the method in question satisfies the charge conservation. Another important test of the theory’s correctness is to check

• spurious structures in nonlinear ranges of current–voltage curves. Keywords: extended Hückel method; Landauer formalism; molecular electronics; negative differential resistance; wide- and flat-band approximation; Introduction Even restricted to the steady-state regime, studying charge transport through

• particularly true in (chemisorption) cases where the anchoring groups form covalent bonds to the electrodes. Within current approaches to molecular charge transport, mostly based on nonequilibrium Keldysh Green’s functions (NEGF) combined with density functional theory (DFT), the molecular device is

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• significantly affect the charge transport properties of the molecular junctions [55]. Nevertheless, these anchoring groups have been explored most frequently when attached to core structures that are not highly conjugated and exhibit poor conductivity (e.g., saturated alkanes) [26][30][56]. In contrast, highly

• . While organic π-conjugated systems are capable of more efficient charge transport along the molecular backbone due to the electron delocalization. This fundamental phenomenon is induced by the difference in the energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied

• molecular order in monolayers on gold surfaces, the increasing length of rod-like oligothiophene moieties standing upwards on the surface as well as the higher number of hexyl side chains along the structure. Consequently these features were identified as unfavorable factors for charge transport through the

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• chalcogenophenes, the carbon–chalcogen atom-bond breaking can lead to opening of the ring and adsorption of an alkene chalcogenide. Such a disruption of the π-electron system affects charge transport along the chains. Awareness about these effects is of importance from the point of view of molecular electronics

• particular the characteristics of charge transport through such a sulfidic interface layer would be strongly affected. In the context of the use of nanoparticles in various applications [49][50][51][52] such as in catalysis, sensing or hydrogen storage, capping the nanoparticles using thiols leads to

• of aromaticity and planarity can thus occur and this interrupts the π-electron system and impairs charge transport along the chains. There are indications of the appearance of atomic S on the surface [60][61][63], i.e., complete desulfurization for these thiophenes. Finally, experiments show that the

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• improvement. In details, the organic–organic and metal–organic interfaces determine injection properties, whereas the conductivities of organic layers limit the charge transport properties. Charge transport in organic semiconductors has been widely studied by electrical characterization techniques such as

• correlation between obtained results of different characterization techniques is reliable only for the same device. This study demonstrates charge transport properties in OLED devices formed by indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD)/Alq3/Al system. The

• . Note that the significant rise of the current in certain voltage region only is usually assigned to the trap-filled-limit (TFL) voltage. In other words, the charge transport properties of organic films are changed due to filling of all localized states and charge carriers are no more influenced by the