Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• -Nürnberg) for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported by the research unit FOR1878/funCOS, the DFG through grant MA 4246/1-2, project D7 of the Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials” granted to the FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg. Financial support of this work by the National Research

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor chromium hexacarbonyl (Cr(CO)₆)

• Jusuf M. Khreis,
• João Ameixa,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva and
• Stephan Denifl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2583–2590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.258

• to electron attachment under isolated conditions were observed. The ion yield curves (ion yield plotted as a function of the initial electron energy) for the formation of cluster anions containing two or more iron atoms turned out to be different from those of Fe(CO)5 in the gas phase. The dimer

• metal cation W2+ resulting from electron ionization of the neutral W(CO)6 dimer was reported by Neustetter et al. [23] showing the fast conversion of the weak cluster bond into a strong covalent metallic bond. In comparison to electron collisions, anisotropic coulombic explosion of CO ligands upon

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• Facility; and the Laser and Spectroscopy Facility. We also acknowledge the use of the Turing cluster, maintained and operated by the Computational Science and Engineering Program at the University of Illinois. The bulk of the work presented here in modified form was originally from the doctoral

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• dispersed transition-metal oxide cluster species. Information about crystallinity and phases of the samples were obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Figure 6a displays the XRD patterns of the as-synthesized CeO2–MOx nanospheres. All diffraction peaks can be assigned to the fluorite-like cubic

• and CeO2. In addition, the pure Co3O4 bulk gets reduced at a high temperature of above 280 °C in the literature [6][11]. For the H2-TPR profile of CeO2–NiO sample, a sharp peak is clearly observed at around 250 °C, which can be due to the reduction of NiO cluster species weakly interacting with CeO2

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

• Sumit Tewari,
• Koen M. Bastiaans,
• Milan P. Allan and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

• sample, the number of consecutively repeating traces was much larger. The lower number of repeating conductance traces may be attributed to the fact that our tip is not purely Au, but PtIr covered with Au. In the experiments of Andres et al. [29] with a graphene surface covered with a small cluster of Au

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• heteroleptic precursor [21][24][25][26] and on large heteronuclear carbonyl cluster compounds [22][23][30] that have partly proven to perform well in the FEBID deposition of magnetic alloys [31]. In fact, both DEA and DI cross sections of typical metal-containing FEBID precursors can be very high [32][33]. The

Au₅₅, a stable glassy cluster: results of ab initio calculations

• Dieter Vollath,
• David Holec and
• Franz Dieter Fischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2221–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.222

• .8.222 Abstract Structure and properties of small nanoparticles are still under discussion. Moreover, some thermodynamic properties and the structural behavior still remain partially unknown. One of the best investigated nanoparticles is the Au55 cluster, which has been analyzed experimentally and

• theoretically. However, up to now, the results of these studies are still inconsistent. Consequently, we have carried out the present ab initio study of the Au55 cluster, using up-to-date computational concepts, in order to clarify these issues. Our calculations have confirmed the experimental result that the

• thermodynamically most stable structure is not crystalline, but it is glassy. The non-crystalline structure of this cluster was validated by comparison of the coordination numbers with those of a crystalline cluster. It was found that, in contrast to bulk materials, glass formation is connected to an energy release

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)₅ upon clustering

• Jozef Lengyel,
• Peter Papp,
• Štefan Matejčík,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Michal Fárník and
• Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

• using two complementary cluster-beam setups. We have identified two mechanisms that lead to synthesis of complex anions with mixed Fe/CO composition. These two mechanisms are operative in distinct electron energy ranges. It is shown that the elementary decomposition mechanism that has received perhaps

• (crossed electron – target beam with product mass analysis) and enable direct comparisons for various aggregation degrees (gas phase – small clusters – large clusters). When compared to the surface-based ion desorption approach, cluster-beam experiments do not suffer from desorption probability problem

• . Once a fragment ion is created, it can be detected via mass spectrometry, regardless of whether it separated from the rest of the cluster (”desorption”) or stayed attached to the rest of the cluster (”no desorption”). Our recent experiments [14] on precursor molecules adsorbed on large argon

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• NDs or physisorbed adsorbates, neither of which would be readily observed by AFM. In order to convert the frequency shifts to particle density on the surface, we assume a cluster size of 25 nm and a packing fraction within the cluster of 0.7. The mass of each cluster would be [(25 nm/5 nm)3] × 0.7

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.8.200 Abstract This contribution reviews plasma polymer nanoparticles produced by gas aggregation cluster sources either via

• focus on the development of novel nanostructured surfaces. Keywords: gas aggregation cluster source; nanocomposite; nanoparticles; plasma polymer; sputtering; Review Historical background “A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the

• can be used as biomolecule and drug carriers [38][39][40]. Gas aggregation cluster sources (GAS) were considered feasible for the synthesis of plasma polymer NPs with a tuneable size distribution, retention of functional groups and cross-link density. The concept of GAS was originally developed for

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• [24]. Colloidal silver can be prepared by electrolytical or chemical reduction of a silver salt solution and consists of positively charged silver clusters exhibiting a diameter of typically between 5 and 15 nm and, containing approx. 103 to 109 atoms/cluster. From the generation process, it is

• evident that the clusters mainly consist of atoms, the residual ions are responsible for keeping the clusters apart, thereby suppressing the aggregation to larger units. The ions fight the bacteria in a multifold manner and are evidently replenished from the cluster after having reacted. Finally, toxicity

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• , which in total are comprised of 3500 spectra, are displayed in Figure 2. The I(V) spectra are almost identical to each other. The small difference between both curves might be a residual effect of Si residing underneath the MoS2 layer. If the top layer were a silicon cluster the I(V) spectra would

• 3.52 Å. In order to study the possible formation of silicene between the MoS2 monolayers, we consider a buckled 2D silicon cluster (Si37) consisting of six-membered silicon rings. We used a 7 × 7 super-cell structure for the MoS2 bilayer. Initial and equilibrium geometries for both a free-standing as

• well as the intercalated silicon cluster inserted between the MoS2 layers are shown in Figure 7. We found that a free-standing 2D buckled silicon cluster is, in contrast to an infinite silicene layer, not even metastable in vacuum and spontaneously transforms into a strongly buckled 3D assembly as seen

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• data set was evaluated by K-means cluster analysis (KMCA). The regions with similar spectral and hence biochemical properties were clustered on a generated pseudo-color map. In the spectrum averaged over the pixels from stromal layer cluster the Raman peaks at 853, 921, 938 and 1245 cm−1 were assigned

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• , rectangular tetramers of this molecule form in which the net molecular dipoles all orient toward the center of the cluster. This structure does not allow for additional hydrogen bonding and thus the origin of its metastability is not clear. We compare this feature to other structures observed on this surface

• likely arises after adsorption of a cluster formed in solution. This behavior is not observed after the pulse deposition of 9-fluorenone (Figure 1), which indicates that the origin of this feature must be related to the molecular structure of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. Results and Discussion Pulse

• deposition usually results in a heterogeneous surface, most likely due to the fact that any cluster formation that occurs in the rapidly evaporating droplet will proceed under non-equilibrium conditions and thus can produce kinetic intermediates [13][14][19][27][28][29][30]. For 9,10-phenanthrenequinone we

Transport characteristics of a silicene nanoribbon on Ag(110)

• Ryoichi Hiraoka,
• Chun-Liang Lin,
• Kotaro Nakamura,
• Ryo Nagao,
• Maki Kawai,
• Ryuichi Arafune and
• Noriaki Takagi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1699–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.170

• drastically changed before and after the measurement except for a bright spot which arises from a small cluster dropped from the tip apex. Thus, we have concluded that the peak structure originates from the intrinsic properties of the SiNR. Now let us examine the origin of the peak structure observed for the

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• by F2 well agrees with the spectrum calculated for fluorine atoms, which form a dense cluster in model VI. However, to reproduce a width of the main peak F in the NEXAFS spectrum, contributions from other fluorine patterns such as, for example, that in model VII would be helpful. It is interesting

Development of an advanced diagnostic concept for intestinal inflammation: molecular visualisation of nitric oxide in macrophages by functional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

• Kathleen Lange,
• Christian Lautenschläger,
• Maria Wallert,
• Stefan Lorkowski,
• Andreas Stallmach and
• Alexander Schiller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1637–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.163

• Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle–Jena–Leipzig and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743 Jena, Germany Friedrich

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• about 0.1 of a ML at room temperature filled-states STM images (Figure 1a) show the formation of cluster-like structures on the otherwise atomically flat Ag(111) surface. The number and sizes of the clusters increase with Si deposition time but do not show any additional corrugation, which would be

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• pair correlation functions and coordination numbers, which illustrated some types of cluster packing. The N = 9 clusters correspond to the tri-capped trigonal prisms, which are one of Bernal’s canonical clusters, and atomic clusters with N = 6 and N = 12 are suitable for octahedral and icosahedral

• illustrated many types of cluster packing. Among others, the N = 9 clusters correspond to the tri-capped trigonal prisms (TTPs), which are one of Bernal’s canonical clusters [30]. Miracle et al. [31] showed that atomic clusters with N = 6 and N = 12 are suitable for octahedral and icosahedral atomic

• the distribution of N = 7 for Mg–Mg pairs, the distribution of the number of adjusted clusters is slightly different. Nevertheless, the obtain results could also lead to the conclusion that cluster packing in Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 glass has a nine-fold coordination. Figure 5 presents the 3D atomic

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• studies and possible applications [3]. These molecules A3−nBnN@Ck (n = 0–3; A, B = rare earth metal or transition metals of the IVth subgroup; k = 68–96) are composed of a carbon cage which encapsulates a triangular cluster consisting of 3 rare-earth or transition metal atoms and a nitrogen atom at its

• center [4]. Dependent on the cluster composition and due to the intercalation inside a protecting carbon cage, intriguing properties emerge. For instance, single molecular magnetism was observed for DySc2N@C80 [5] and conductance switching by tunneling current induced cluster rotations between chiral

• six electrons from the incarcerated cluster to the cage [4], which causes a weaker adsorbate–substrate interaction [11] in comparison to empty fullerenes. The effects of higher annealing temperatures were not examined. In contrast to the adsorption characteristics of Er3N@C80 on W(110), the molecules

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

• Taras Chutora,
• Jesús Redondo,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Martin Švec,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

• , an assumption discussed below. C59 molecules have the highest energetic stability (difference between the cluster energy and the sum of the energy of the individual C atoms) after C60 [23][24][25]. These findings are corroborated by total-energy DFT simulations. Since the diffusion of fullerenes on

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• of carbon nanofibers on nickel nanoparticles and suggested the growth mechanism involving the surface diffusion. They observed the movement of atoms on the surface of the crystalline nickel cluster and change of its shape during the growth process. It was concluded that the surface transport of

• oriented tangentially to the Ni catalyst cluster. Figure 3d demonstrates low-magnification image of several synthesized nanotubes. Chemical state of catalyst. The chemical state of catalyst during the nanotube growth was actively debated. The following three main questions were discussed. (i) Whether

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• of force (right axes) for each of the cases we discussed above, and how the force measurements cluster around to these lines. Also, it is important to note that in the case of the multi-scaled rough diamond surface, the value of Fadh/protrusion from the sub-group with the most data points aligned

• measurements during the jump-off-contact process between a micrometric liquid drop attached to an AFM tipless cantilever and rough surfaces. The measurements were made with an atomic force microscope in nitrogen atmosphere. Remarkably, the data naturally cluster around integer multiples of a unit of

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• p-xylylene diradical usually results in no chemical reaction. However, when a p-xylylene diradical collides with a cluster of two adsorbed diradicals, it can react to form a new, heavy chain that does not desorb from the surface [13]. Analysis by Fortin and Lu using the chemisorption model and

Calculating free energies of organic molecules on insulating substrates

• Julian Gaberle,
• David Z. Gao and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 667–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.71

• is supported by EPSRC, UK and JAIST, Japan. We acknowledge the use of the ARCHER high-performance computing facilities via our membership to the U.K. HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (grant EP/L000202). DZG acknowledges the use of the Serenity computing cluster and support