Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• when the electron beam is switched on in the presence of H2O. Electron exposure of condensed H2O and clusters of H2O at E0 above the ionization threshold is known to induce the following proton transfer [27] and thereby yields OH radicals. As MeCpPtMe3 tends to lose its cyclopentadienyl ligand when

• during deposit formation [12]. This idea is supported by the previous gas-phase study that included not only PtCH2+ but also small clusters PtnCH2+ and reported that small Ptn+ clusters have significantly higher activity with respect to oxidation of CH4 by H2O than Pt+ [23]. Within this scenario, the

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• ongoing recrystallization. The Raman spectra of the Ge wetted Ag films were measured immediately after deposition and ten days later and demonstrated that the Ge atoms at the Ag grain boundaries form clusters of a few atoms where the Ge–Ge bonds are still present. Keywords: germanium; segregation; self

• atoms present in the Ag grain boundaries are individual atoms or small clusters, Raman spectra of Ge wetted, 20 nm thick Ag layers were recorded immediately after deposition as well as 10 days later. To avoid corrosion, all samples were capped with a 3 nm thick LiF overlayer, except the ones measured

• relatively low and cohesion of Ag adatoms dominates to induce Volmer–Weber growth. During the deposition process, clusters of silver adatoms behave as liquid droplets with high wetting angle. The measured height of these islands was 18.6 nm in the case of depositing an equivalent of 12 nm thick silver layer

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• temperature, the higher NP concentrations start to create clusters and hence the nematic LC phase is disrupted. In [34], numerical calculations confirmed the possibility of lowering the N–I phase transition temperature for a host material with metallic NPs. Switching times under an external electric field In

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• photoelectron peaks of metallic Cu, Ag, and Au. Sample cleaning to remove organic contaminations was performed with the Thermo Scientific MAGCIS (Mono Atomic and Gas Cluster Ion Source) using Ar1000+ clusters at 8 keV primary energy and a raster size of 2 × 4 mm2. The adhesion force and energy were determined

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• clusters produces metal molybdates which, when heated in hydrogen atmosphere, are reduced to bimetallic alloys catalyzing the CCVD growth of few-walled CNTs [22]. Here, the catalysts were activated by slow heating in a carbon-containing environment from room temperature to 900 °C. The structure and

• composition of the obtained CNx hybrids were correlated with the data of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Experimental Synthesis Catalysts were prepared using polyoxomolybdate clusters of the ε-Keggin-type structure Mo12O28(μ2-OH

• Co polyoxomolybdate clusters. Low- and high-magnification TEM images of CNx samples synthesized using Co/Mo (a, d), Ni/Mo (b, e) and Fe/Mo (c, f) catalysts. The arrows in panel (f) indicate nanotubes that permeate the porous carbon. Differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of CNx materials

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• , in place of thiols [64][65]. Theorists have investigated the influence of collective interactions among alkanethiol backbones on the removal of clusters of SAM molecules from Au surfaces [66][67]. For example, less nanomechanical force is required to pull a monolayer of heptanethiolates and Au atoms

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions

• Youngsang Kim,
• Safa G. Bahoosh,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Fabian Pauly and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261

• quality with polarization functions on all non-hydrogen atoms [20]. To model charge transport through the junctions, either the open or closed form of the C5F-ThM molecule was connected to two Au clusters of 53 atoms to the left and the right side of the molecule, as shown in Figure 2a. The clusters

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the FEBID precursor chromium hexacarbonyl (Cr(CO)₆)

• Jusuf M. Khreis,
• João Ameixa,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva and
• Stephan Denifl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2583–2590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.258

• using the SCF-Xα-MSW method [19]. Negative ions were previously reported for a series of pentacarbonyl metals of group VI in the periodic table including Fe(CO)5, showing dissociation by capture of LEE with an energy close to 0 eV [20]. Electron ionization of W(CO)6 clusters was also recently

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• amidinate decomposition may lead to further hydrolysis of [BF4]− and fluoride formation with the residual water. Fluoride ions can then lead to the formation of metal fluorides [65]. Alternatively, reactive metal atoms or metal clusters may also abstract fluoride from [BF4]− anions. ILs are already

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• subsequently coalescing to form nanoparticles. The DTA performed showed that the glass transition temperature is 603 °C. Above this temperature, the atom mobility increases significantly, facilitating the growth of clusters. A further increase of the temperature (or annealing time) results in a higher

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• catalysts with highly dispersed copper oxide clusters as active species had been reported to exhibit superior activity toward CO oxidation in contrast with commonly used CeO2/CuO composite catalysts [13]. Consequently, the construction of ceria-based composite oxides with pore features, hollow structure or

• observed. The wide low-temperature band centered at 179 °C originates from the highly dispersed CuOx clusters, while the sharp high-temperature peak located at 200 °C is due to the strong interactions in the Cu–[O]–Ce structure [13]. In general, commercial Cu2O and pure CuO synthesized using a conventional

• increases the concentration of surface oxygen due to its excellent oxygen storage capacity. In the CO oxidation process, oxygen atoms will transfer from molecular oxygen to the MOx clusters through the CeO2, which is in close contact with MOx at the two-phase interface, remarkably promoting oxygen mobility

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• structure would be expected to form. An analogous mechanism has been previously proposed to account for the formation of stochastic patterns of different sized clusters on surfaces [59]. Most likely, the differences in morphological changes observed for different PtCl2 deposits exposed to AH are caused by

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• corresponding to the mean fluorescence intensity value of a total of n pixels of the first (x) and second (y) channel, respectively. Alternatively, running an IsoData binarisation routine after masking yielded a subgroup of clusters of high intensity. A similar scanning routine then provided the value of each

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• cells are slightly convex and densely covered with wax platelets, whereby clusters of five to ten platelets are situated with their narrow side perpendicular on the surface and are radially assembled in rosettes, which is the typical wax orientation feature of the legume family (Figure 1D). These wax

Au₅₅, a stable glassy cluster: results of ab initio calculations

• Dieter Vollath,
• David Holec and
• Franz Dieter Fischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2221–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.222

• indicating hypothetical closed-shell structures. The smallest one of these numbers is 13, with 12 atoms surrounding one central atom. The next two clusters with 55 or 147 atoms add one or two additional shells, respectively. In the outer shell, these clusters contain 42 atoms or 147 atoms, respectively. In

• an ideal case, these clusters form Mackay icosahedrons, three-dimensional bodies with 12 vertices, the shape of which minimizes the total energy. These clusters may be crystalline or non-crystalline. The latter ones may be amorphous, liquid-like or glassy. The glassy structure is, in comparison with

• ][2][3][4][5][6], the Au55 cluster has been used as model for a small cluster with a magic number of atoms. Their experimental work, and in particular the structural analysis, were possible only by attaching organic ligands to the cluster surface, in order to prevent the clusters from coagulating

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)₆ by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

• Mónica Mendes,
• Khrystyna Regeta,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
• Nykola C. Jones,
• Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
• Gustavo García,
• Chantal Daniel and
• Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

• electron impact ionisation studies on the appearance energies of bare tungsten hexacarbonyl [28], on the fragmentation pathways of W(CO)6 clusters [29] and on the complete ligand loss of weakly bound W(CO)6 dimer [30]. As far as neutral dissociation (ND) is concerned, Zlatar et al. [25] have reported on

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)₅ upon clustering

• Jozef Lengyel,
• Peter Papp,
• Štefan Matejčík,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Michal Fárník and
• Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

• , Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia 10.3762/bjnano.8.219 Abstract In this work, we probe anion production upon electron interaction with Fe(CO)5 clusters

• [12][13]. The environment can thus both enhance and suppress the low-energy DEA reactions and it is difficult to assess its effect a priori. Clusters represent an ideal tool for studying the effect of an environment since they allow for using the same experimental approach as the gas phase studies

• (crossed electron – target beam with product mass analysis) and enable direct comparisons for various aggregation degrees (gas phase – small clusters – large clusters). When compared to the surface-based ion desorption approach, cluster-beam experiments do not suffer from desorption probability problem

Velocity dependence of sliding friction on a crystalline surface

• Christian Apostoli,
• Giovanni Giusti,
• Jacopo Ciccoianni,
• Gabriele Riva,
• Rosario Capozza,
• Rosalie Laure Woulaché,
• Andrea Vanossi,
• Emanuele Panizon and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2186–2199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.218

• ” experiments where clusters deposited at surfaces are kicked around until they come to rest dissipating their kinetic energy into the substrate [49][54][55][56]. Figure 3 displays an example of the time dependence obtained in such second simulation. From the slider mean slowing rate during this second

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• Toxicity evaluation Three types of TiO2-based NPs were synthetized: (1) monometallic (Au, Pd) clusters, (2) core–shell particles and (3) alloy bimetallic clusters (Au/Pd). The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of TiO2 modified with palladium and/or gold NPs is presented in Table 1. Inhibition of

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• components in the metallic layers, that is, the nucleation and growth of Ta-based NPs. At 600 °C, the GISAXS signal is weak due to a low density contrast between the initially formed Ta clusters and the surrounding media, which is presumably still rich in tantalum. The GISAXS signal increases in intensity

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• very high (1011 cm−2) for oxidized nanodiamonds (−ND) on AlN substrates [47]. The data are also consistent with a report on a formation of ND clusters of ca. 23 nm in diameter on SiO2 surfaces exposed to ND dispersions [48]. Clusters of this size are large enough to separate the surfaces employed for

• (2.29 ×10−19 g/5 nm particle) = 2 × 10−17 g. A surface coverage of 1010 clusters per cm2 therefore has a mass per unit area of ρ2 = 2 × 10−7 g/cm2, which corresponds to a decrease in the resonant frequency of 11.3 Hz (cf. Equation 3). For comparison, a monolayer of spherical 5 nm diamond nanoparticles

• ); −ND and water (e and f). QCM frequency (+/−15 Hz) and resistance shifts (+/−1 Ω) in air before and after 60 min of oscillation in aqueous ND suspensions. The equivalent surface coverage of 25 nm clusters is also reported (+/−1 × 1010 clusters/cm2). Saturated rms roughness σs (+/−0.1 nm) and fractal

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• It has been recognized that NPs grow via a three-step process involving nucleation, coagulation and growth by accretion. The nucleation stage is often considered to be governed by negative ions [19][56][57][58][59], leading to the formation of nanometer-sized nuclei. These embryonic clusters may be

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• [24]. Colloidal silver can be prepared by electrolytical or chemical reduction of a silver salt solution and consists of positively charged silver clusters exhibiting a diameter of typically between 5 and 15 nm and, containing approx. 103 to 109 atoms/cluster. From the generation process, it is

• evident that the clusters mainly consist of atoms, the residual ions are responsible for keeping the clusters apart, thereby suppressing the aggregation to larger units. The ions fight the bacteria in a multifold manner and are evidently replenished from the cluster after having reacted. Finally, toxicity

• : the deposition of the silver film, the deposition of an organic polymer (PPX) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the deposition of the interior PPX film, and the characterization of the films, in particular the grain size of the silver clusters, the determination of thickness of the PPX film and its

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• . (Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2096–2101) that silicon forms a highly strained epitaxial layer on MoS2. Finally, density functional theory calculations indicate that silicene clusters encapsulated by MoS2 are stable. Keywords: intercalation; molybdenum disulfide; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicene; two

• clusters on top of MoS2 become visible. A close-up image of the transition of a hill to a valley is represented in Figure 1e. The line profiles indicated in the figure correspond to the cross sections shown in Figure 1f. The typical height variation of a transition is found to be of several angstroms. We

• intercalates it is interesting to scrutinize if there are possibilities to grow a 2D layer in between two layers of MoS2. Our density functional theory calculations show that 2D silicon clusters intercalated between MoS2 layers are stable. (a) STM image of pristine MoS2 taken prior to the deposition of Si. The

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• to collagen, which is the major component of this layer. The accumulation of glycogen in the mature squamous cells of intermediate and/or superficial layers manifested itself by peaks at 480, 849 and 938 cm−1 in the spectrum averaged over the pixels from corresponding clusters. The differentiation of