Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• inherently sensitive to the hydrodynamic radius, and therefore to aggregation, even when the core sizes are similar. A more hydrated surface is typically associated with higher colloidal stability and lower aggregation, which is consistent with the smaller hydrodynamic size observed by DLS for the dimanno

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• in this study, it is generally accepted that the surface charge of NCs plays a critical role in their colloidal stability, dispersion behavior, and biological interactions [22][32]. In cubic cuboargyrite phase, there are 14 polyhedra with antimony and silver at the center (Figure 1c). Herein, a

• direct ROS measurement and apoptosis marker assays (e.g., Annexin V/PI staining, caspase-3 activation) will be crucial for validating and further elucidating these mechanistic pathways. The surface charge and zeta potential of AgSbS2 NCs, which strongly influence their colloidal stability and cellular

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• ]. Because of these benefits, incorporating PEG lipids into LNP formulations has become a useful strategy for improving the colloidal stability of nanoparticles, facilitating their distribution throughout the body, and enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. However, this PEGylation strategy is not without

• true across various PEG lipid families and was consistent in serum-containing microglial cultures. Together, these studies consistently demonstrated that increasing PEG density on the LNP surface enhances colloidal stability and reduces nonspecific protein bindings. However, this surface shielding

• alternatives to conventional PEG lipids that retain the key functions of colloidal stability and surface stealth while reducing immune recognition [8][77]. Alternatives to conventional PEG lipids for enhanced LNP biocompatibility While PEG lipids have long been the top candidate for enhancing LNP stealth and

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• demonstrated that these nanoparticles exhibit low toxicity, effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and strong colloidal stability, ensuring long-term dispersion [26][27]. Additionally, they exhibit antioxidant activity and selective cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, including oral cancer

• between them and results in more uniform nucleation and better control over particle size and morphology. Moreover, continuous stirring prevents aggregation of the nanoparticles, contributing to their colloidal stability. Studies have shown that variations in stirring speed can significantly impact the

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• phase inversion composition (PIC) method, and then characterized and evaluated. The PHYT-NE had a mean droplet diameter close to 200 nm, a polydispersity index of less than 0.2, spherical shape, and a pH value compatible with cutaneous application. The formulation showed high colloidal stability for at

• kinetic stabilization achieved through the optimized composition of the surfactant pair, which likely contributed to a robust interfacial film that prevented coalescence and Ostwald ripening [38][39][40]. Although colloidal stability has been demonstrated, chemical stability studies are still needed to

• effectiveness of PHYT-NE in maintaining colloidal stability under storage and stress conditions. For pharmaceutical applications and the intended therapeutic purpose, nanoemulsions must not only be functional but also safe and selective. That is, they should effectively damage the parasite without causing

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysaccharides) or mucoadhesive agents such as chitosan, which can enhance colloidal stability, promote mucus permeation, and protect the nanocarrier from enzymatic degradation in the GIT. Such coatings have been explored to improve the pharmacokinetic

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• nanoformulations OphtNE-3.70% and OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) (Figure 2c and Figure 2d, respectively) also exhibited a milky appearance but with distinct optical clarity, influenced by their smaller and more uniform nanodroplet size distributions. These visual attributes support the colloidal stability and successful

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• routes are very common for the administration of proteins with pharmacological activity and with particle sizes of around 200 nm [40]. Regarding stability, only minimal changes in physicochemical parameters were observed, indicating colloidal stability of the nanoparticle formulation. This is

• colloidal stability observed in the formulations with low zeta potential values can be attributed to steric stabilization provided by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and an additional electrostatic repulsion introduced by surface-bound PEI. This behavior is consistent with previous reports on nanoprecipitation

• barrier to aggregation and support long-term colloidal stability [14][37]. The protein release study of venom-loaded PLA cationic nanoparticles occurred in two stages. In the first stage, a burst release effect was due to surface-adsorbed proteins, followed by the diffusion through the external swollen

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Nanoparticles in their pure colloidal form synthesized by laser-assisted processes such as laser ablation/fragmentation/irradiation/melting in liquids have attained much interest from the scientific community because of their specialties like facile synthesis, ultra-high purity, biocompatibility, colloidal

• stability in addition to other benefits like tunable size and morphology, crystalline phases, new compounds and alloys, and defect engineering. These nanocolloids are useful for fabricating different devices mainly with applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensors, photodetectors, surface-enhanced

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ®, exhibited a zeta potential of −14.10 ± 1.06 mV (Figure 2B), indicative of sufficient electrostatic repulsion for colloidal stability. It should be noted that the phenolic compounds and carotenoids contained in this oil are considered potent antioxidants, which may contribute to the stability of the

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• potential values > ±30 mV are indicative of nanoparticle stability, as strong electrostatic repulsion prevents aggregation and ensures colloidal stability [20][21]. While these measurements provide important physicochemical insights, further evidence of the chemical incorporation and potential interactions

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• FeS2 NPs in acetone where sedimentation or settling down of particles was noted within a few hours, which is primarily due to the lower colloidal stability in acetone as explained above, rather than being a direct consequence of the nanosecond ablation process. Pyrite (or fool’s gold) is one of the

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• provided DPPH (Figure S4B0–B2 of Supporting Information File 1). These findings indicate significant oxygen enrichment due to TA adsorption on FLG sheets, supporting earlier Raman spectroscopy results and colloidal stability observations (Figure S3A1, Supporting Information File 1). Both free and adsorbed

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• materials to increase colloidal stability and enhance retention of ASOs in targeted tissues [100]. Despite its versatility and potential, research focused on the use of PLG as an antisense delivery system is relatively limited compared to its cationic counterparts. In 2008, Sun et al. investigated the use

• . sLPD assemblies exhibited higher colloidal stability and cellular internalisation compared to free G3139 and non-stabilised counterparts. As a result, significantly higher inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins was observed in sLPD-treated groups, which led to induced apoptosis of KB cells and increased

• peptides on their surface significantly improved the intracellular delivery of LOR-2501, a negatively charged phosphorothioate ASO [121]. Another strategy to improve colloidal stability, decrease cytotoxicity and immune response, and reduce the renal clearance of PEI delivery systems is through the

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• ) functionalization of the nanoparticles have been observed, which ultimately should affect their lipophilicity and, hence, colloidal stability in apolar or polar solvents. Two-phase liquid systems and the possibility to transfer the surfactant-free nanoparticles from one liquid phase into another remain practically

• parameters. As such, nanoparticle size [32][33], colloidal stability [33], gas formation [11][34], degree of oxidation [35][36][37], and nanoparticle productivity [11][32][33][34] can be influenced and tailored to specific needs. Although it may be expected that the particles’ reactivity with the solvent and

• synthesize heterogeneous catalysts by deposition of nanoparticles, the specific nanoparticle solubility, and eventually also the colloidal stability of the individual nanoparticles, in different solvents is required [47][48]. If the colloid does not possess required properties such as colloidal stability

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• pattern) and 192 nm (irregular shape). Valuable insights regarding photocatalytic and colloidal stability of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs was provided by using UV–vis spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. Compared to a similar type of study conducted by Selvarajan and Mohanasrinivasan [24], our study

• , indicating robust colloidal stability, contrasting with the moderately negative zeta potential (−15.3 mV) reported by Selvarajan and Mohanasrinivasan [24], which shows possible variations in ZnO NP characteristics, size distribution, surface modification, and experimental conditions. Nonetheless, both

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• uniformity. However, the zeta potential significantly decreased to −24.12 ± 5.75 mV, reflecting a substantial change in surface charge due to the anionic nature of SO, which may enhance colloidal stability through electrostatic repulsion. The Aurein 1.2-modified liposomes (AUR-Lipo) showed a notable increase

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• confirmed via zeta potential measurements. The zeta potential values of ʟ-car-AgNP1, ʟ-car-AgNP2, ʟ-car-AgNP3, ʟ-car-AgNP4, and ʟ-car-AgNP5 were −40.9 ± 3.42, −39.5 ± 3.43, −40.9 ± 3.94, −38.6 ± 4.58, and −40.9 ± 4.80, respectively. Zeta potentials beyond ±30 mV indicate excellent colloidal stability due to

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• within the hybrid system. During the development of LPHNPs, different physicochemical characteristics such as size, loading capacity, charge, solubility, release, and colloidal stability can be modulated by modification in the polymer/lipid ratio [45][46][47]. Monolithic PLHNPs Monolithic PLHNPs are the

• can be released under specific biological conditions. Further, the polymer coating provides better colloidal stability, sustained drug release, and high loading capacity to the hybrid nanocarriers [54][55][56]. Cell membrane-camouflaged PLHNPs PLHNPs have been coated with cell membranes (e.g

• al. developed APN-PLHNPs for improved therapeutic effects against BC after oral intake [115]. APN-PLHNPs showed excellent colloidal stability and biphasic release profiles (initially fast and sustained afterward) over 48 h. The results from both DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated a significant

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• change in absorption wavelength. The color of gold and silver nanoparticles highly depends on shape, size, and pH value, which are directly influenced by the ligand–metal interaction [22]. Another essential factor is surface capping, which provides colloidal stability and the surface for ionic

• potential values beyond −30 mV and +30 mV indicate excellent colloidal stability due to strong repulsive forces among the nanoparticles [41]. The positive zeta potential values are caused by the having positively charged head groups of CTAB molecules, which are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces

• colloidal stability of nanoparticles represents the initial step towards designing them as environmental heavy metal detection probes. Detection of heavy metals Isotropic CTAB-capped AgNS and AuNS A range of heavy metals, specifically As3+, Al3+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Fe3+, and Co2

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• interaction of GO with tannic acid (TA) and its consequences for GO toxicity. We focused on understanding how TA interacts with GO, its impact on the material surface chemistry, colloidal stability, as well as, toxicity and biodistribution using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Employing computational

• surface, influencing GO’s colloidal stability, reactivity, and interactions with living organisms. As a consequence, these interactions can lead to diverse effects, ranging from the mitigation of toxicity [12][13][14] to the enhancement of its toxicity [15][16]. However, microscopic understanding of these

• understand how GO’s toxicity changes regarding surface modifications such as interactions with biomolecules. In this study, we investigate the interaction of GO with TA linked to its impacts on surface chemistry, colloidal stability, lethality, and biodistribution in the C. elegans model for the first time

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• exhibit heightened efficacy and reduced toxicity for medical purposes. Keywords: colloidal stability; complex media; functionalized nanoparticles; hemolysis; targeting tumor; Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing search for developing high-efficiency nanomedicines for cancer treatment

• of NPs accumulates in tumors and <0.0014% are internalized by the cells [8][9][10][11]. Once in contact with blood, NPs interact with a series of physiological components (e.g., amino acids, salts, and proteins), which can induce poor colloidal stability or changes in the original chemical and

• adsorption of proteins [22][23], developing methods that can meet the trade-off between targeting and colloidal stability of NPs in such media has proven to be a major challenge [8][10][11]. Our group produced SiO2NPs functionalized with a steric stabilizer (zwitterionic sulfobetaine silane) and biologically

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• , displaying a small hydrodynamic diameter around 3 nm, outstanding colloidal stability, resistance to protein interactions, and absence of protein corona formation [61][64][65]. The efficient renal clearance of usNPs – typically >50% of the injected dose (ID) over 24 h – prevents their long-term accumulation

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• for glucose detection [131]. The high colloidal stability of alginate-based nanoparticles ensures their long-term stability and prevents aggregation, leading to more reliable and consistent glucose detection results [141]. Alginate-based nanoparticles can be easily functionalized to enhance their