On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• strain within the grains remains constant even though the externally applied strain increased to ca. 0.4%. In an attempt to model piezoresistance in NCG, we have used the tunneling + destruction model for composite materials [24]: The model with five free parameters was fitted to the data as shown in

• tunneling distance, d. The model has been used to explain the piezoresistance for several composite materials [29][30]. Zhao et al. [24] used the model to explain the piezoresistance in nanographene films, although the material is comparable to ours and not a composite material in the original sense. NCG

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• also attracted significant interest. This material with exceptionally high specific surface area, high mechanical properties, and high thermal conductivity is expected to prepare high-performance rubber composites [21][22][23]. In our recent work [24], we successfully designed a DPNR/GO composite by

• of NR composite. The usage of GO-VTES may be suitable for the preparation of NR composites for tire applications as the composite may reduce water permeability and enhance the abrasion resistance of commercial products [30]. Experimental Materials The natural rubber used in this work is high-ammonia

• until neutral. The collected solid was entirely dried in an oven at 50 °C to obtain the final GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). Preparation of DPNR/GO-VTES composite The DPNR/GO-VTES composite was prepared via graft copolymerization technique using TEPA/TBHPO redox initiators, similar to our previous work [24

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• values can be selected (Figure 2C-i.). However, in the case of composite samples consisting of different materials, using a reference curve taken on one material would create problems when imaging a second material, since different materials exhibit different force curves for the same maximum force

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed that the added particles were incorporated and, in the case of a higher concentration of cCB particles, also bound to the surface of the structure of the hydrogel matrix. The produced composite materials

• , drugs, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, or biomolecules. This is a very important advantage that opens ways of designing composite hydrogels with various properties and applications such as biomedical [8][9][10], biosensors [11][12][13], wearable electronics [14][15][16

• particles of the MnCo2O4 electrocatalyst and conductive carbon in a PNIPAAm hydrogel precursor solution, which was then subjected to polymerisation. As a result, a hydrogel composite was created in a single-stage synthesis process. In addition, the applied methodology allowed us to avoid the need to use

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• emission related to the bacterial cells. Eight different types of samples were prepared, which are described in Table 2. Molecules of (a) lysine (K) and (b) glutamate (E). (c) Interactions between dopamine and KE sequence. (d) Possible structures of protein (grey)/polydopamine (black) composite particles

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• nanocomposite layer. ZrO2–SnO2 stacked layers have been shown to perform as mechanically elastic and magnetizable films [6]. SnO2-coated carbon nanotubes have been studied as catalysts [7] and ZnO–SnO2 as functional composite in Li-ion batteries [8]. A recent review article from 2022 lists 27 different

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• because of their remarkable ability to absorb light across a broad spectrum and their high PCE. The main classes of photothermal carbon-based nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots, and carbon-based composite materials. Among these, carbon nanotubes have the

• nanoparticles in the composite can increase the light absorption through surface plasmon resonance. Hence, graphene-based multifunctional nanocomposite materials could be employed as promising photothermal agents [44]. Polymer-based nanomaterials: Because of high biocompatibility, high PCE, and facile synthesis

• ]. The photothermal properties can also be enhanced by optimizing the elemental composition of the nanomaterials [44]. Generally, nanocomposite materials are developed by incorporating two or more compounds in a single particle, resulting in enhanced physicochemical properties of the final composite

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• , including pore size manipulation, post-synthetic modifications, and composite formation. Finally, the extant challenges and anticipated prospects pertaining to the development of MOF-based nanomaterials for CO2 storage are described. Keywords: CO2 storage; metal-organic frameworks; nanomaterials; open

• amount of absorbed CO2 was significantly improved. Notably, the optimal Mg-MOF-74/graphene-based composite yielded a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 8.4 mmol·g−1 at 298 K and 1 bar. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation for CO2 storage prediction Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is an

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• University, Hangzhou 310018, China School of Cyberspace Security, Hangzhou DIANZI University, Hangzhou 310018, China 10.3762/bjnano.14.67 Abstract This paper describes a method for preparing flexible composite piezoelectric nanofilms of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene using a high-voltage electrospinning method

• . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound

• system designed in this paper can collect heart sound signals in real time and predict whether the heart sounds are normal or abnormal, providing a new solution for the diagnosis of heart diseases. Keywords: composite piezoelectric nanofilm; electrospinning; heart sound classification algorithm; heart

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• release of silver ions or electrostatic interaction between AgNPs and microbial cells, have been proposed [21][22]. The AgNPs might release silver ions capable of binding to nucleic acids, thereby, exhibiting antibacterial activity [23][24]. Consequently, any silver-containing composite material with

• loaded onto the nanocomposite [37][39], followed by reduction using plant extract [36][38]. In the present work, we have developed an in situ synthesis method for AgNPs using an alginate composite with lactose as reducing sugar. This method involves the use of lactose as a negatively charged compound

• additives. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a change in the color of the colloidal solution. To find the optimal reaction conditions, the synthesis of the nanocomposite was carried out while varying the reaction conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, and ratio of Ag+ to blank composite

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• /bjnano.14.62 Abstract Metallothermic, especially magnesiothermic, solid-state reactions have been widely applied to synthesize various materials. However, further investigations regarding the use of this method for composite syntheses are needed because of the high reactivity of magnesium. Herein, we

• report an in situ magnesiothermic reduction to synthesize a composite of Ge@C as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained electrode delivered a specific capacity of 454.2 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA·g−1. The stable electrochemical performance and good rate

• robustness, for example, a higher resistance to pulverization than Si, the durability of Ge-based anode is not sufficient for practical applications [14]. To overcome this limitation, nanoscale control and composite design are two effective strategies [15][16][17][18][19]. In addition to various Ge

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• improved electrochemical performance [63][67]. In a recent study, Tang et al. [29] used an ultrasonication and reduction process to combine nanostructured Ag nanoparticles with a MOF (ZIF-67) to fabricate nanopinna-based composite electrochemical sensors for acetaminophen detection. The results showed a

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• sensing, as electromagnetic shielding, and as thermoelectric material [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Also, Qi et al. reported a liquid-water sensor based on carbon nanotube–cellulose composite films, and, more recently, Goodman et al. reported the scalable manufacturing of nanocomposites for liquid sensing

• [39][40]. Besides, graphene films deposited on cellulose paper and a graphene/cellulose composite were also reported as a solvent sensor material [30][33]. However, most of these works rely on cellulose as a paper substrate or as a thick composite film that cannot be readily employed for large-scale

• composite MWCNTs were mixed with DI water (1% w/v) and sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for 2 h. The obtained suspension was centrifuged for 5 min at 2500 rpm, and the supernatant (0.6% w/v) was reserved. MFC was dispersed in DI water (0.5% w/v) using a Silverson homogenizer (10,000 rpm) for 10 min and then

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• an environmental SEM equipment at different magnifications. (C) Top: Composite image of the silica gel matrix with embedded yeast yolk–shell structures obtained by superimposing the various images of the elements distribution mapping (smaller pictures at the bottom). Schematic representation of the

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• ][49][50]. In 2021, Zou et al. developed a biodegradable and sustainable bilayer composite for highly efficient solar evaporation based on a photothermally enhanced arginine-doped polydopamine (APDA) and raw wood [47]. In this study, APDA coatings with enhanced photothermal effects were prepared by

• composite in the 250–2500 nm range. The solar spectrum is also shown for comparison. Figure 8 was reprinted from [47], Polymer, vol. 217, by Y. Zou; P. Yang; L. Yang; N. Li; G. Duan; X. Liu; Y. Li, “Boosting solar steam generation by photothermal enhanced polydopamine/wood composites“, article no. 123464

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• studies that used undoped/non-composite Bi-based nanostructured photocatalysts to degrade textile dyes and antibiotics. Even though different Bi-based photocatalysts have demonstrated impressive photocatalytic performance, pristine and bulk Bi-based photocatalysts still have some drawbacks such as limited

• band, effectively separating the photogenerated carriers [162]. According to Chae et al. [163], a heterojunction WO3-BiVO4 composite demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity with optical properties that were more effective than those of the pure individual components. Li et al. [164] also created

• efficiencies for both ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were recorded at a highly basic pH [187] using a magnetic Bi2WO6-biochar composite with a pHpzc of 6.75. The best performance was at pH 7. Since both antibiotics and photocatalyst were negatively charged at a basic pH, electrostatic repulsion between them was

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• , intratumoral dissemination, and infiltration into the tumor parenchyma [123][124][125]. RVPNs decorated with a composite of an anti-EGFR single-domain antibody and iRGD provided long circulation time, improved extravasation and tumor localization, enhanced parenchymal penetration, as well as increased

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• with appropriate carriers to fulfill several requirements. First, the composite needs be sufficiently stable in the body and successfully reach the target site without being trapped. Second, the composites must be efficiently internalized to the target tissues and cells. Finally, the drugs must be

• complex with β-CyD bound to the silica nanoparticles and seals the pores of nanoparticles in which drugs are encapsulated. Under these conditions, the composite is stable, because azobenzene is accommodated in the cavity of β-CyD, and sterically protects the disulfide linkage from reductive cleavage by

• abundantly expressed. In the positively charged dendrimer the siRNA is stably protected from enzymatic digestion. The composite easily escapes from the endosome through the proton sponge effect of the dendrimer. Furthermore, inclusion complex formation of α-CyD with phospholipids facilitates the release of

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• (QDs) of nanometer scale, the CQD edges influence the electronic structure of the conjugated sp2 domains [35][36]. Figure 2 shows FTIR, UV–vis and PL spectra of CQDs/PU composite samples. It is obvious from Figure 2a that there are some additional peaks in the CQDs/PU FTIR spectrum compared to that of

• and 1015 cm−1 stem from C=C bending vibrations [30]. All other peaks identified in both neat PU and CQDs/PU composite samples originate from PU. Figure 2b shows a UV–vis spectrum of the CQDs/PU composite sample. The first peak at 317 nm is due to the π–π* transition of C=C. A peak at 350 nm is due to

• of CQDs with polymer chains. Figure 2c shows the PL intensity of the CQDs/PU composite sample. The PL intensity depends on the excitation wavelength while the PL intensity of neat CQDs showed wavelength-independent behavior. After encapsulation of the CQDs into a polymer matrix, PL emission spectra

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• nanofibers in batches. It was found that the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles in the composite nanofibers obtained by EMAI was more uniform than that by SSFSE. This was because the air flow through multiple pores enabled the ZnO nanoparticles in the spinning solution to maintain uniform dispersion in the

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• properties of the nanomaterial were investigated in this work using a promising nanocomposite formed by alternating layers of cobalt and niobium. The proposed composite has potentially promising functional properties and can be used in magnetic systems with controlled effective energy exchange in Josephson

• complex multistage process. The general scheme of the problem-oriented analysis of a multilayer composite of niobium and cobalt is presented in Figure 1. At the preparation stage of the conceptual model, the expected requirements to the main properties of the predicted material are formulated, a

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• explain clearly the difference between these composite materials Experimental Materials and chemicals Chemicals and materials for the synthesis and characterization include Ti foil (1 cm × 2 cm), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), DI water, acetone ((CH3)2CO), ethanol (C2H5OH), ammonium

• the MoS2 phase in the composite from the XRD pattern of MoS2/TNAs. The (002) plane indicates the multilayer structure of MoS2 materials, the (001) plane indicates a monolayer structure of MoS2 [37][46]. Therefore, the disappearing (002) reflection and the remaining (001) reflection show that the

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• electrodes [38]. The results reveal a significant improvement in the electrical conductivity for the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode. The result agrees well with a previous study on TiO2@graphene composite electrodes [37]. Among the electrodes, the EDL capacitance (C2) at the TiO2 electrode surface is the lowest (1.32

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• proposal is consistent with Rhim et al. [42], who stated that the increased thermal stability of the agar/AgNPs composite films is due to metallic silver being more thermally stable. On the other hand, throughout the thermal test, no evidence of decomposition of the AgNO3 precursor salt (decomposition