Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• the principal components and of the composite, which are given by [25]: where dm and dd are the widths of the metallic and dielectric layers, respectively, as seen in Figure 1a. The z-scan technique employed to study the nonlinear properties of the samples involves normal incident light, where the

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• -metal nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysis is their separation from the reaction mixture for re-use or recycling, and also to avoid contamination of the products. The difficulty in separating small nanoparticles demands for the efficient and easy formation of a composite that can be separated by

• distribution histograms (Figure 7). The Au-SiW9/AC composite had already been synthesized by Xia et al. [13] and our results of particle size and distribution closely match their outcomes, confirming the successful deposition and comparable dispersion of gold nanoparticles on the activated carbon support

• seen in many sections of the Au@SiW9/rGO composite (Figure 8b). For Au@SiW9/AC and Au@SiW9/CB, such strong aggregation is all what is seen for the Au@SiW9 particles (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). According to the literature, these are indeed aggregates and not large individual particles [6

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• the medium in which adhesives need to properly function. Two studies on different proteinaceous invertebrate adhesives exemplify recent advances in the field of marine bioadhesion. Duthoo et al. [14] studied the complex composite cement of a tube-dwelling annelid in regard to the ultrastructure and

• independently evolved multiple times in this group in a comparative morphological framework with phylogenetically informed analyses. Other sources for potential bioinspiration have been discussed in a review on the composite hydrogel-like mucilages of plant seeds by Kreitschitz and Gorb [18]. The mucilage

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama Marino Lavorgna Letizia Verdolotti Federica Recupido Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore Bharat Bhushan Institute for Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Council of Research (IPCB-CNR), P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy Dept of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The

• , pollutants, and oily substances. These functional surfaces, often based on coatings consisting of polymeric, ceramic, and composite materials, can provide durable, non-invasive protection tailored to specific substrate weaknesses and exposure environments (indoor and outdoor). Objective of this review

• −) can reach the metal surface. In Figure 6a, the production process and final application of a novel organic–inorganic composite coating, designed to provide advanced anticorrosion protection for bronze artifacts is described. The coating combines waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with the nanomaterials ZIF

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• few examples of rGO-based materials for electrodes, especially for lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4 and rGO composite cathodes were reported by Wi et al. and Wei and colleagues [8][9]. Moreover, Wang et al. described a method for LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 nanorod production on rGO sheets [10]. Again, the

• -ion batteries with Li4T5O12 and LiFePO4 active materials for the electrodes [13]. Chen et al. described current collectors based on rGO films [14]. Reduced graphene oxide finds further use in sodium-ion composite cathode materials as a conduction-improving agent with Prussian white as the active

• a composite lithium cobalt oxide electrode [55]. Furthermore, the introduction of defects as a result of iodine doping reported by Li et al. resulted in improved sodium ion storage and electron transport [56]. The carbon lattice in rGO flakes provides electrical conductivity, while defects and

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• photonic UC of multiple NIR photons into visible luminescence [38]. As an example, in the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite (such as that used in this work), the NaYF4 crystal matrix is co-doped with Yb3+ acting as the sensitizer to enhance the NIR absorption cross section, whereas the Er3+ ion acts as the emitter

• , as depicted in Figure 1. When UCNPs of this composite are irradiated with 980 nm NIR light, they emit two thermally coupled green fluorescence bands at 525 and 550 nm. These bands arise from the 2H11/2→4I15/2 (blue) and 4S3/2→4I15/2 (purple) transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively [39][40][41

• ]. Thermally coupled bands, defined as bands separated by less than 2000 cm−1 (<0.248 eV), favor a higher-level population with an increase in thermal energy, thereby enabling temperature-sensitive fluorescence emission [42]. For the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite, the energy bands (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) are separated

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• present study, the Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 sample exhibits a peak at approximately 715 cm−1, significantly higher than expected, and this peak shifts further to 730 cm−1 in the Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O core–shell composite. The higher vibrational frequency in Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 can be attributed to the partial substitution of

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• and fluid milk, infant formula, cereal-based foods, baby food composite, meat, and liver) using a non-labeled inhibition protein-binding assay, in which the recognition relied on protein–vitamin binding, the sensor surface acted as the indicator, and the signal was measured by resonance response. The

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• Santosh K. Tiwari Nannan Wang Centre for New Materials and Surface Engineering, Department of Chemistry, NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte 574110, Karnataka, India State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• safe for the environment. Photocatalysis produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack polymer chains and cause oxidative cleavage. Studies have shown that, under ideal circumstances, this process is quite successful in degrading polymers such as PS [74]. Bionanomaterials, which are composite

• more surface area, allowing for better interaction with MPs [76]. The incorporation of GO in composite materials not only improves photocatalytic activity, but it also serves a second purpose by adsorbing MPs prior to degradation. The utilization of photocatalysts that have been engineered with defects

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• (CPPs, Supporting Information File 1, Tables S2 and S3) [23]. To quantify the overall influence of each CMA and CPP on the final product quality, the two-risk estimation matrices (QTPP–CQA and CQA–CMA/CPP) were mathematically combined. The resulting composite scores are presented as a heatmap in Figure

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• considerably smaller than the PFT amplitude and can be varied independently. Signal routing and processing The composite deflection signal from the photodetector, comprising both the low-frequency PeakForce component and the high-frequency eigenmode oscillation, is electrically split into two independent

• “Experimental setup” effectively separates the composite cantilever deflection signal into two independent channels. The low-frequency path secures stable topographic feedback, while the high-frequency path preserves the eigenmode signals for material-sensitive detection. This combination of physical damping

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• conventional fibrous materials. Their flexibility in fabrication allows for integration into a broad range of applications, from drug delivery scaffolds to composite biomaterials, contributing to their increasing relevance in both scientific research and industrial development [11][12][13][14]. To leverage the

• -loaded electrospun scaffolds compared to that of the gel formulation [44], and Coelho et al. (2021) reporting PVA nanofibers containing chalcone NE as a potential treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis [45]. Despite these advances in nanofiber composite structures incorporating various nanosystems, a

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• and that of the cement suggests that the inclusions of the heterogeneous granules would inflate through a still unexplained process to form hollow spheroids dispersed in the cement matrix, leading to the formation of a complex composite material. Keywords: adhesive protein; Annelida; biological

• adhesive systems are remarkably similar although some differences have been noted such as the absence of sulfated polysaccharides in S. alveolata [31]. Production of a solid composite material forming highly resistant cement spots The ultrastructural study (SEM and TEM) of the adhesive system of S

• the expansion of heterogeneous granule inclusions [9][34]. In the cement, hollow spheroids could function as microdashpots, absorbing shocks and constraints [35], or act as stiff reinforcements in a softer matrix (see below). In both cases, the composite nature of the cement would allow S. alveolata

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• complex multielement or composite targets are ablated. In this case, the reactions between the species comprising a target and liquid-produced species can determine the resulting morphology and NP structure. In [29], ZnS nanowires were formed by laser ablation of a Cu/Zn target immersed in dodecyl

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• viscoelastic modulus) of surfaces [5]. It is particularly useful for the measurement of heterogeneous surfaces, characteristic of composite and biological materials, where understanding the interplay between microstructure and mechanical properties of the constituent materials is critical for the performance

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• development of antimicrobial compounds such as oral antiseptics and toothpastes with prolonged antimicrobial action, restorative materials (including composite resins and cements) with antibacterial properties, nanoparticle-reinforced sealants and fluoride varnishes for caries prevention, and antibiofilm

• coatings for dental and orthodontic surfaces. Beyond the initial findings, nanoparticles have also been incorporated into a wide range of preventive and restorative dental materials. Composite resins and glass ionomer cements reinforced with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial

• , and composite resins to inhibit or reduce microbial colonization by key oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Candida albicans [27][28]. Their antimicrobial efficacy contributes to disrupting biofilm formation and controlling infection processes fundamental to dental

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• performance for six cycles with only a 5% efficiency loss, and enabled in situ degradation of MPs through thermal treatment to prevent desorption risks [75]. A high capture efficiency of microplastics was also achieved using novel magnetic composite nanoparticles composed of silica, gelatin, and chitosan. At

• synthesized Co-MOFs for removing MPs. SEM images of (a) CeO2, (b) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (c, d) ZIF-67 before and after calcination at 500 °C, (e, f) ZIF-67-90@CeO2, and (g, h) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composites. TEM images of (i) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (j) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composite. (k) Enlarged TEM image of Co–N/C

• -90@CeO2 composite. (l) HRTEM, (m) HAADF, and (n–r) elemental mapping images of Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composites [(n) O, (o) Co, (p) Ce, (q) C, and (r) N]. Figure 3 was reprinted from [67], Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 514, by Wang, H.; Chen, H.; Wan, Q.; Zheng, Y.; Wan, Y.; Liu, X.; Song, X.; Ma, W.; Huo, P

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• is still in its infancy and this review explores its recent advances. The discussion encompasses LDH-based piezoelectric nanogenerators, piezocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic properties of LDHs, and composite material synergies that enhance the overall electroactive performance. Looking to the

• piezoelectric properties of the ZnCo/Al-LDH-catalyst accelerated carrier transport and promoted regeneration of the Co2+ catalytic active center. Another variety of LDH-based catalysts are composite materials produced from constituent materials with LDHs as one of them. When combined with BaTiO3, Zn/Al-LDH

• -LDH alone. The authors proposed that the enhanced efficiency was due to the interaction between the lamellar structure of Zn/Al-LDH and the piezoelectric attributes of BaTiO3, along with heterojunctions within the BaTiO3/LDH composite. However, this study raises doubts concerning the successful

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• a single biometric element to directly analyze biomarkers [45][46], while dual-system biosensors combine two antibodies and/or aptamers [47] into a better composite material to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the sensor. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a gold nanoparticle aptasensor

• , precisely controlling the size and distribution of nanoparticles by microfluidic devices, constructing composite nanocarriers, using 2′-O-Me, 2′-F, or locked nucleic acid modification as well as PEG modification to enhance the enzymatic resistance and stability of aptamers, and optimizing the sequence. In

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• structure, and adjustable pore dimensions, designing a durable and compact MOF nanocomposite membrane could provide an effective strategy for MP filtration [116]. The mechanism involved in the removal of MPs using MOFs is represented in Figure 10. Gnanasekaran et al. [117] developed a novel composite

• concludes that PSF/MIL-100 (Fe) composite membrane offers a promising solution for the removal of MPs [117]. Chen et al. [118] developed a series of zirconium-based MOF foam materials with interconnected pores, excellent stability, and high structural uniformity for the removal of MPs from both seawater and

• innovative solutions in MPs remediation. You et al. [119] synthesized a robust composite material, ZIF-8@Aerogel, by growing Zn-based MOF ZIF-8 directly onto wood-derived aerogel fibres. This composite demonstrated effective MP removal in both freshwater and seawater simulations. Specifically, it achieved a

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• controlled film thickness of 1.5–4.5 μm, on concurrently activated carbon cloth substrates. The composite film exhibited a high efficiency towards removal of rhodamine B and sulfosalicylic acid in water under UV light illumination, mainly thanks to the highly adsorptive substrate [16]. In the current

• ). Remarkably, the CC/NW-450 °C composite exhibits a contact angle of 0° (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9c), showing complete wettability. This significant enhancement in hydrophilicity is attributed to the high surface roughness and porous hydrophilic nanowire architecture formed on the carbon cloth

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• the mechanical and crystalline properties of such natural waxes, blended composite materials (e.g., candelilla/beeswax or candelilla/PBTPA mixtures) have been investigated for their potential use as barrier coatings [86]. A 300 μm thick edge-encapsulated mixture film was found to protect a 300 nm

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• pulsed laser ablation, and used the NPs to fabricate Cu–In composite NPs and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells through EPD [134][135]. They used cathodic EPD, where the substrate serves as the cathode, to prevent potential oxidation of the metallic NPs and substrate that could occur on the anode

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• lifespan of the membranes. The widely used antimicrobial nanoparticles can be categorized based on their composition and properties as follows: metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, oxide nanoparticles, and composite nanomaterials. Zheng’s group used an in situ synthesis method to embed AgNPs

• PAN nanofibers, enhancing the hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties of the membrane [20]. Elimelech’s group introduced copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) onto the surface of thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide RO membranes through a method involving electrostatic functionalization. The functionalized

• primarily due to the particularly low content of PDA in the PCTA composite membrane, which significantly impacts the detection of PDA in NMR. The low concentration of PDA results in signal intensities that are much lower compared to the dominant signals from other components in the sample, such as CTA