Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range. Keywords: core–shell nanostructures; hollow spheres; silver diffusion; silver-modified titanium dioxide; titania; Findings In recent years, nanometer- to micrometer-sized inorganic hollow spheres

• silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (CSNs). Our approach comprises three simple steps starting from the synthesis of the metallic core, through its coating with titania and finally annealing leading to plasmonic hollow nanostructures with plasmon resonance in a broad spectral range. SEM

• ]. Formation of Ag-modified TiO2 HSs (top) and SEM images showing Ag–TiO2 nanostructures at different stages of their fabrication (bottom, scale bar = 200 nm). SEM images of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (A) and Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures after annealing at 150 °C for 0.5 h (B), 1.5

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• beneficial or disadvantageous. The degree of graphitization can be increased, e.g., by higher reaction temperatures or catalytic graphitization [31][32][33]. Previously, we had reported on core–shell titanium (oxy)nitride and tantalum (oxy)nitride@N-doped carbon composite spheres, which were based on a

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• -coated particles implies a yet-to-be-proven core–shell structure, as opposed to homogeneous particles obtained via direct chitosan/HA complexation; whether the different process, and the possibly associated differences in composition and morphology may result in a biologically different performance in

• -potential and therefore yielding HA-coated, core–shell nanoparticles (bottom left), or B) allow HA to replace TPP in their bulk. The latter process likely is morphologically templated, since it occurs within the nanoparticles. In a process based on the direct complexation between chitosan and HA (right

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• create composite Janus-like or core–shell nanoparticles. The size and the unique morphology at the nanoscale provide new optical, electronic, magnetic and surface properties to these nanoparticles [1][2]. In addition, it is possible to combine materials of which alloys do not exist in nature. The shell

• rapid heating and evaporation of both materials and the possibility of rapid controlled cooling of the resulting vapour mixture, the formation of nanoparticles with a complex structure is possible. In [18][19][20][21], the mechanism of formation of core–shell and Janus-like nanoparticles based on the

• and residence time in the liquid phase) in the formation, structure, and morphology of nanoparticles remains unclear. In [17], the simulation of the formation of the Si/Au core–shell nanoparticles obtained from two liquid drops of gold and silicon was presented. Additionally, the authors, using the

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• detected using the AuNPs/PMMA film SERS substrates. Zhang et al. [12] fabricated core–shell structures comprised of SiO2 and gold with a sub-10 nm shell thickness by adding HAuCl4 and the reducing agent K2CO3 on the SiO2 surface and found that the SERS enhancement becomes weaker with increasing shell

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• (not to scale). The central QD (red, yellow, blue = core/shell/shell) is embedded in a crosslinked polymer micelle, consisting of a hydrophobic block (red) and an amphiphilic block (PEO). Interaction of the QDs with AuNPs (purple) is driven by the amine functional group. Gold nanoparticles are His

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• remain constant. Hence, the number of micelles stays constant, and their size is increased to accommodate the growing core–shell particles. Consequently, the formation of core-free silica particles is suppressed. When the negative zeta potential of the particles, which continuously decreased during the

• of the UCNP@SiO2 core–shell particles was obtained from these STEM images, and the corresponding hydrodynamic diameters were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS, see below in Table 1). Although large, core-free silica particles can easily be obtained by Stöber-like growth processes [28], and

• were adjusted so that they are large enough to host the growing core–shell particles. After an initial silica shell of 5–10 nm was coated onto the UCNP, a further growth by a Stöber-like growth process was attempted, i.e., the particles were redispersed in ethanol, and ammonia water, water and TEOS

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• function of zeolitic imidazolate framework structures on ZnO nanorods [132]. Core–shell structures of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and ZnO nanorods were prepared by direct growth of the framework on the ZnO nanorods. Limitation effects by the framework aperture provided improved selectivity for

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• another work, novel nitrogen-doped multiple-core@shell-structured AC-CDots (AC: Aphen and Citric acid) with a tricolor emission comprising red, green, and blue were, for the first time, synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal approach by Zhang et al. [49]. The authors further demonstrated that by combining

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• describes the preparation and characterization of a new type of core–shell nanoparticle in which the structure consists of a hydrogel core encapsulated within a porous silver shell. The thermo-responsive hydrogel cores were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of a selected mixture of N

• compositions [11][12][13][14][15]. Core–shell nanostructured composites have been the focus of recent work due to their structural simplicity and ability to introduce multifunctional properties into their structure [16][17][18][19][20]. One typical structure is that of an exogenous spherical capsule containing

• create photothermally active biomaterials [41][42][43]. Recently, metal nanoshells, a class of optically active core–shell metal nanoparticles, have drawn interest, not only because of their ability to interact with light across a wide range of visible and NIR wavelengths, but also because of their

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• core–shell structure iron oxide nanoparticles of the same size has already been described and calculated based on magnetic measurements. In the HSA-coated sample, we also succeeded to observe the ZF-NMR signal, despite the very low iron content per unit volume and the resulting low signal-to-noise

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• annealing results in the periodically arranged columnar self-assembly of SiGe core–shell nanocrystals. An increase in photocurrent intensity by more than an order of magnitude was achieved by annealing. Furthermore, a detailed discussion is provided on strain development within the structures, the

• consists of core–shell NCs/NPs with the core being Ge-rich Si1−xGex NCs (crystallographic peak (111) position, shifts from 27.87° to 27.75° for MLs in as-grown and annealed at 800 °C states, respectively) surrounded by a shell of crystalline Si in amorphous SiGeO. This behavior can be explained by phase

• of the SiGe ellipsoid plus the thickness of the SiGeO oxide cover-layer, i.e., each SiGe crystallite is covered by 2–3 nm of SiGeO oxide, looking like a core–shell particle. An elemental mapping over a structure (TiO2/SiGe/TiO2)3 annealed at 600 °C in our previous study [37], showed a similar

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• demonstrated lower activation of ATM and H2A.X than in control cells. However, the detailed mechanism behind these results should be investigated in future studies. When comparing the toxicity of CYS- or GSH-coated NPs with those of the same core shell (Au or Ag) but coated with other types of stabilization

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• to NiGa nanoparticles. To complete this investigation, GaCp* was successfully decomposed in [BMIm][NTf2] to Ga2O3-doped Ga particles with a size of 350 ± 100 nm. The formation of core–shell sparticles can be ruled out by HRTEM/STEM-EDX-measurements. Phase-pure NiGa nanoparticles were tested in the

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• using the DIFFRAC.SAXS program that can fit and evaluate the size of the structures assuming different geometries. In this work, a core/shell particle was obtained with a particle radius of 345 nm and a shell thickness of approximately 17 nm. These results revealed an excellent agreement with the data

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• application as domestic, back-up, and vehicle power sources. The cost of cathode catalysts can be reduced in a number of ways, e.g., by alloying Pt with base metals [2], forming core–shell particles with base-metal cores covered by thin Pt layers [3], and developing non-Pt catalysts. In particular, the

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• activity of platinum catalysts is the most realistic approach; for example, by creating alloys [2] or core–shell structures [3] or by activating the Pt particles through metal support interactions [4]. Developing non-precious-metal catalysts is a fascinating, but ultimately speculative, technology for

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• nanowires (Figure 7) consist of single crystals. These crystals have a very large surface, which can be similar to natural tin dioxide (see XPS data). At the same time, it is possible to assume the formation of core–shell structures in the case of SnO2 powder samples. Due to their special formation process

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• ]. This carbon corrosion modifies the mass transport properties of the active layer, especially for the water management, and accelerates the degradation of the Pt NPs [10][11]. One way to reduce the Pt content is to use more active, tailored NPs [12][13], for example, bimetallic NPs with a core–shell

• Ni at the surface of the N-CNTs. HRTEM images of the bimetallic catalysts Pt3Co/N-CNT and Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT do not evidence the formation of core–shell NPs (Figure 7). The interplanar distance of 0.22 nm was found for Pt3Co/N-CNT NPs and Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT NPs (Figure 7), which is slightly smaller than the

• selected area) displaying a Pt3Co composition. The absence of Co NPs in the Co/N-CNT sample, and the composition and structure of the Pt3Co/N-CNTs, indicate that the Pt3Co/N-CNT is more likely an alloy than a core–shell structure. The presence of residual cobalt atoms or clusters on the CNT surface was

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• -based core–shell NW structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition it was found that the FWHM increases with decreasing emission energy [13]. In order to better understand the charge-carrier transport in single-NW LEDs, in Figure 5a we analyze the I–V curves for the NWs C, E, and G, as well

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• 10.3762/bjnano.10.79 Abstract Au nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted a great interest as a platform for constructing various composite core/shell nanoparticles for theranostics applications. However, the development of robust methods for coating AuNRs with a biocompatible shell of high loading capacity and

• integrate various functionalities by incorporating different diagnostic and therapeutic agents into a single core/shell nanoparticle. Au nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted a great interest as a platform for theranostic applications because of tunable optical properties and simple protocols for synthesis with

Renewable energy conversion using nano- and microstructured materials

• Harry Mönig and
• Martina Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 771–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.76

• benefits arising from core–shell nanowire arrays for Si heterojunction solar cells. Contacts with a high surface-to-volume ratio can clearly be seen. Particularly in photovoltaics, they may be prone to increased recombination losses. For other applications, such as water splitting, porous materials may

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• an ionic liquid, and the effect this has on catalytic performance. Platinum, gold, and silver nanoparticles were deposited onto CdSe@CdS (core@shell) nanorods from metal salts in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) without additional surfactants or reducing

• using the methods reported here. Keywords: catalyst; ionic liquid; methylene blue; platinum; semiconductor nanorod; Introduction Core@shell semiconductor nanorods with attached noble metal particles have been widely studied as photocatalysts, and any improvement on the synthesis of these materials has

• be used to deposit nanoscopic noble metal particles onto a well-defined semiconductor nanorod substrate with diameters less than 10 nm. We found that photodeposition of platinum onto CdSe@CdS (core@shell) nanorods proceeded readily from Pt(acac)2 in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• ; singlet oxygen; Introduction Hybrid polymeric core–shell nanoparticles with encapsulated fluorescent dye molecules are frequently employed for life-science applications, such as cell labeling and drug delivery [1][2][3][4][5]. In recent years, polymeric hybrid nanoparticles and nanocapsules with tailored

• materials. The core–shell structure of the hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticles allows for the independent molecular design of each part. For instance, the oxygen permeability of the shell material can be lowered drastically by using semicrystalline nanocellulose [31]. Furthermore, a bovine serum albumin