Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• the same content of CNTs in the composites, the differences in the intensity ratio of the D to the G band (Id/Ig) are mainly attributable to the crystallinity of the ZnxCoy–C particles. The Zn1Co4–C/CNT composite has the best crystallinity with a ratio of 1.02, which is lower than that of the Zn1Co1–C

• /CNT (1.13) and Zn4Co1–C/CNT (1.23) composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations with corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns confirm the different crystallinity of ZnxCoy–C particles, depending on the concentration of Co during the synthesis. After the carbonization, the

• crystallinity of ZnxCoy–C particles can be enhanced by decreasing the Zn/Co ratio during synthesis [35]. Unlike Zn4Co1–C particles (Figure 3a), which have a typical amorphous carbon structure, both Zn1Co1–C (Figure 3b) and Zn1Co4–C (Figure 3c) particles contain some short-range graphitic carbon structures with

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• photodegradation of the orange II dye of brookite varies with the annealing temperature [20]. These differences in the photocatalytic activity of brookite were generally considered as factors such as the specific surface area, crystallite size, and crystallinity [9][21]. But whether the local atomic structure of

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• controllable morphology [28]. Various morphologies including nanoworms, nanowires, and nanorods with excellent crystallinity were also obtained using the solvothermal method [25]. According to Chieng et al., the particle sizes of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are in correlation with the glycol chain length

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• coordination polymers (CPs), such as (porous) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and (non-porous, yet cross-linked) coordination networks [12], may offer alternatives to Nafion because of their structural controllability and high crystallinity [13]. The quest to develop new proton-conducting network materials is

• h in dry air. This process is supposed to remove surface-adsorbed water, such as residues from the synthesis process or from exposure to humid conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that this process does not affect the crystallinity of the two materials, and no phase transformation was

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• amorphous background indicates a high degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows a large number of crystallographic planes corresponding to the CuO (tenorite) lattice; however, the dominant orientation corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the (002) and (111

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• -ray diffraction were measured on a Rigaku Ultima IV with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) to check the crystallinity of the synthesized ZIF-8 thin films. The morphology of the supports, the free-standing thin films, and the supported membranes was observed by FE-SEM (NovaTM NanoSEM 230). The elemental

• the support did not change. The intensity ratio of the strongest XRD peaks between ZIF-8 crystals ((011) at ca. 7.3°) and α-Al2O3 crystals ((104) at ca. 35.1°) was adopted as an indicator of ZIF-8 crystallinity, since the crystallinity of all commercial α-Al2O3 disks was consistent. Therefore, a

• higher intensity ratio indicated a higher crystallinity of ZIF-8. As the synthesis temperature increased from 40 to 120 °C, the intensity ratio increased from 23.44 to 45.90% (Table 1), suggesting a higher crystallinity of ZIF-8 synthesized at higher reaction temperatures. Grain size of ZIF-8 crystals

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• ][18] and crystallization properties of the polymer [19]. Since the crystallinity of PLGA is known to be lower than that of PLA [20] and its structure is different, the increase in diameter with the addition of PLGA may be related to the lower crystallinity and different structure of PLGA. In our

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• generated free electrons (e−) react with molecular oxygen to generate superoxide radicals by reduction. Several factors contribute to the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, such as the structural phase (anatase, brookite, or rutile), defects in the lattice, the degree of crystallinity, morphology

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• diffraction analyses were used to study the morphology and to confirm the beta phase in fibers. The results reveal that the nanofibers made from solutions with high concentration were smooth and defect-free, compared to the fibers obtained from solutions with low concentration, and possess high crystallinity

• fibers obtained from the 16 wt % solution compared to the solutions of 12 and 14 wt %. The crystallinity was calculated from the XRD diffractograms and came out to be 52.3%, 54.6%, and 57.7% for the fibers made from 12, 14, and 16 wt % solutions, respectively. This phenomenon can be correlated with the

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• ][25]. Also, the micro/nanostructure of the films is a very important aspect of the tailoring, and the sputtering process usually allows for controlling coating density, crystallinity, and micro/nanostructure to some extent by carefully varying the working parameters. For instance, energy transferred

• kinetic energy, and coating properties (on solid substrates) are changed as compared to DCMS discharges. The film crystallinity can be promoted at lower growth temperatures, although sometimes, a too intense ion bombardment may lead to the amorphization of the material [68]. Because they are ionized, the

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• work [10]. The uniformly distributed pores present in the films lead to the retention of liquid electrolytes, thereby increasing the overall ionic conductivity of the electrolyte films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were also recorded to check the crystallinity of the synthesized material. The

• variations in the crystallinity of the polymer electrolytes are directly related to the intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak. Usually, the crystallinity and FWHM are inversely proportional to each other, the larger the FWHM, the smaller the crystal size and vice versa [32]. XRD

• ), and θ is the Bragg angle (in degrees). The calculated results are tabulated in Table 1. As it can be seen from the results obtained from SEM and XRD, the addition of a liquid electrolyte in the host polymer significantly decreases the crystallinity of the latter, which is expected to result in an

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• understanding of the relationship between deposition parameters and physical characteristics of fabricated nanostructures (e.g., size, shape, purity, and crystallinity). Further advancement of the existing experimental techniques and molecular-level computational modeling can provide insights into the

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• deposition [13] methods. Up to now, the syntheses of Sb2S3 nanomaterials lack sufficient control of the growth conditions. The result are nanoparticles of which the size, shape, and crystallinity can only be tuned to a limited extent. However, for several applications, such as electronic circuits [14], it is

• temperature leads to larger particles. Furthermore, they have concluded that a chlorine-containing antimony precursor affects the morphology and crystallinity of the particles. Nevertheless, the study of Abulikemu et al. focused on using bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide (TMS) as sulfur precursor since with this

• of 180–210 °C to facilitate the synthesis process following the hot-injection method with a sulfur–oleylamine (S-OlAm) precursor. They have found that the temperature influences the crystallinity, shape, and size of the particles [21]. These studies revealed growth processes comprising a primary

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• structures [45]. The performance of Josephson junctions in YBCO thin films fabricated using the HIM has been further evaluated in [46]. Cross-sectional STEM analysis of helium line irradiations of YBCO has shown that the crystallinity of the Josephson junction barriers is essentially preserved, highlighting

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• morphology of the Ag NWs was best at a reaction temperature of 160 °C and a 1:4 ratio of AgNO3/PVP. The XRD analysis confirmed the crystallinity of the AgNWs structures. The aqueous solution of the AgNWs exhibited a broad PL emission band in the red region. The SEM images confirmed that the final product was

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• . However, HER is affected by the interplay of several factors, including surface area, light absorption range, crystallinity, charge transfer, and separation. Two azine-linked COFs with three pyridine segments neighboring the central benzene or triazine fragment were prepared to make comparisons, that is

• , the 1,3,5-tri(pyridin-2-yl)benzene based COF P13 and the benzene-triazine-based P14 (Figure 4). Both of them showed a similar AA eclipsed stacking in the crystal structures, but the lower symmetry of P13 resulted in worse crystallinity. Particularly, the D–A interactions between the pyridine and the

• benzene rings gave rise to disorder and reduced crystallinity even further. As a result, the HER of P13 (0.42 μmol·h−1, 5 mg) was one order of magnitude lower than that of P14 (8.52 μmol·h−1, 5 mg) [53]. Cai et al. [54] reported a series of perylene diimide (PDI)-based n-type porous CPs (Figure 4). The

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• less than 1% of the intensity of the Ge(111) peaks, they can be clearly discerned. Although the NPs are small, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peaks is as low as 0.05°, which is indicative of a good crystallinity of the grown MnxGe1−x NPs. The absence of the other

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• the SiO2–ZnO mixture in different proportions of weight [60]. Thus, by increasing the thickness of ZnO and SiO2 films by 100 nm (from 200 to 300 nm) the quality of the samples is improved by 12–15%, resulting in good stoichiometry, increased crystallinity, and improved optical and dielectric

• indicate that ZnO thin films are crystalline with a hexagonal structure. By increasing film thickness, the crystallinity of the films as well as the size of the crystallites for the (002) plane increase. The transmission spectra of the studied oxide films are strongly influenced by the deposition

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• Curie temperature is associated with an increase in the size of the nickel particles as a result of their sintering in agglomerates with an increase in the degree of crystallinity. The maximum temperature during cycling reached 450 °C. It can also be assumed that a sintering of nickel nanoparticles

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• agglomeration, higher purity, and higher crystallinity compared to those produced by chemical methods [230]. The method is simple and reproducible [230]; however, the process runs using high operating temperatures, and more specifically, the center of the reaction tube may not reach the setpoint temperature due

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• straightened at the substrate. Since no fusion could be observed without DPR time, merging seems to start when the solution drop is removed. PM crystallinity is preserved upon fusion as it is known that noncrystalline PM has a height of 4 nm only [45]. As the fusion process continues, pile stacks build from

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• , interfacial interactions, material crystallinity, and the presence of dopants can readily tune the bandgap energy of core–shell nanomaterials [30][51]. The presence of TiO2 on the shell of the mSiO2@NiPS surface played a role in increasing the bandgap energy of the core–shell nanostructure. A similar shift in

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• with a monoclinic structure and that crystallinity of the nanoparticles was improved after adding CTAB. Raman studies revealed the presence of peaks related to Ag–S bonds (Ag modes) and the longitudinal optical phonon 2LO mode. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirmed the production of

• detected after adding the CTAB surfactant. However, a preferred orientation along the (−121) plane was found when the CTAB surfactant was used. The significantly increased intensity of the (−121) plane and other peaks could be attributed to the increase in the degree of crystallinity of Ag2S caused by the

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• ° disappeared after carbonization due to the decomposition of PAN during the process. Moreover, the diffraction peak intensity of the (002) crystal plane of the carbonized graphite structure was significantly enhanced, indicating that the carbonization process enhanced the crystallinity of the graphite

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• common impurities such as BaCO3 [22]. XRD pattern of core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles shows the characteristic diffractions of tetragonal BTO along with the additional peaks corresponding to certain impurities or by-products formed during the oxidative polymerization of Th. Albeit the crystallinity of