Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• lower coordination number. The structure of this region was initially crystalline and changed insignificantly during modeling and deposition. An interesting effect is observed in the intermediate niobium nanolayer, where distinct crystallization zones appeared. Crystallization zones have a higher

• thickened niobium layer, crystallization zones are observed where direct contact with the cobalt nanolayer occurs. The crystal lattice mismatch of the starting metals causes mutual rearrangements of atoms and the structure transformation inside the nanosystem. It was also found that a decrease in the area

Amorphized length and variability in phase-change memory line cells

• Nafisa Noor,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Raihan Sayeed Khan,
• Anna Gorbenko and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1644–1654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.147

• , significant variability arises from the intrinsically unique crystallization and amorphization processes in these devices. For example, cells programmed to an amorphous resistance of approx. 50 MΩ show threshold voltage values of 5.5–7.5 V, corresponding to amorphized length values of 290–395 nm. This

• and cycle-to-cycle programming variability due to the intrinsic randomness in the crystallization and amorphization processes, in addition to any variation in the fabrication process. This probabilistic programming feature in PCM has been recently considered for several applications in hardware

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• continuously adjusting experimental conditions that affect (2D) crystallization. Keeping this generally accepted perception in mind, we had set out to alter an important factor that is known to influence self-assembly on solid surfaces, namely the influence of the substrate lattice. We used a monolayer of n

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• slightly charged, since the resulting pH of the solution (pH 6.1) is close to the isoelectric point of magnetite particles (6.0–6.7 [6][22][28]). As expected, the low charge of the nanoparticles favors their aggregation and contact crystallization. Hence, under a magnetic field the primary nanocrystals

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• . The thermal treatment was carried out to induce both crystallization of the as-deposited amorphous TiO2 into the anatase phase (as discussed in [28][29]) and the formation of AuNPs exploiting dewetting of the Au films. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM, Zeiss Supra 40) was used to

• top of the TiO2 films. Three nominal thickness values of 3, 6, and 15 nm were chosen, in order to obtain NPs with different diameters (Table 1). After deposition of Au, samples underwent an annealing treatment in a furnace at 500 °C for 2 h, which leads to the crystallization of TiO2 to the anatase

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• led to the crystallization of an Ag interlayer even at the as-deposited stage. Peaks attributed to ITO(222), Ag(111) and Al(200) were observed after annealing, indicating an enhancement in crystallinity of the multilayer films. The annealed IAAI film exhibited a remarkable improvement in optical

• during deposition. During annealing the adatoms gain additional energy resulting in an increased mobility. This enables grain growth and crystallization [32][33][34]. The grain sizes of as-deposited and annealed IAAI films were calculated using the Scherrer equation, where λ is the wavelength of the X

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• have been demonstrated with silica or carbonate cores. The crystallization of CaCO3 from supersaturated solutions results in porous gel-like cores which also play an important role for applications in industry and medicine [32]. Such formation depends on the experimental conditions such as pH, salt

• , concentration, intensity of mixing and agitation. These templates are biocompatible, easy to produce, and dissolvable by EDTA. Although crystallization processes cannot be controlled to provide uniform and homogenous cores, this matrix provides an efficient way for encapsulation. Additionally, hydrogel-based

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• washed with deionized water for several times. Finally, the dried precipitates were annealed at 400 °C for 2 h under air to obtain the NiMoO4/CA samples. Fabrication of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA ternary composite The in situ crystallization of ZIF-67 on the surface of NiMoO4/CA was carried out as follows

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• ’ mechanical properties due to poorer dispersion compared to the others. In addition, the size of the GnPs had no considerable effect on the melting and crystallization properties of the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites. Keywords: electrical properties; graphene nanoplatelets; mechanical properties; polymer matrix

• with smaller lateral sizes were more favorable for enhancing the mechanical properties of PP-based nanocomposites. Thermal properties The crystallization temperatures (Tc), melting temperatures (Tm), heats of fusion (ΔHf), and crystallinities (Xc) of pure HDPE and the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites are given

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• the functionalization with DNA. The crystallization of nanoparticles can be easily programed by the selection of designer DNA sequences. In fact, DNA-mediated assembly is widely used to synthesize hybrid lattices of gold nanoparticles and protein-based capsid particles [97][98]. The methylation of DNA

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• formation and crystallization of perovskite films by incorporating hydrobromic acid (HBr) into the perovskite precursor solutions. Here, the halogen ion, a strong donor, can interact strongly with Pb2+ to form a homogeneous solution, which is beneficial for the swift growth of high-quality films. A

• perovskite solar cell with lower leakage current, better surface coverage and a PCE of 15.76% was fabricated. The addition of HBr shortened the crystallization time. However, the grains of the perovskite films were still not sufficiently large and dense to reach higher PCEs. In order to solve this problem

• perovskite crystallization process to fabricate films of superior quality and controllable morphology. Deng et al. [13] produced efficient PSCs with diisopropyl ether as the antisolvent, which perfectly overcome this barrier. As shown in Figure 2, perovskite films fabricated by an antisolvent deposition

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• -FFT) analysis of the AFM images shown in Figure 3 clearly evidences that the needles indeed form an ordered arrangement along three preferential directions separated from each other by 60°. These directions recall the three main crystallization directions of the hexagonal pattern formed by the

• on surfaces [45]. Experimental Synthesis of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n. The compound was synthesized following the previously published procedure [22]. All reagents and solvents were used as received without further purification. Growth of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica. Crystallization of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O] on freshly

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• small cubes on the surface, which are attributed to the surface crystallization of MAX residual after the immersion. The photoelectric performance of the PSCs is unaffected by the small cubes. The XRD patterns of the Pb(NO3)2 films coated on the SnO2 ETL are presented in Figure 3a. Pb(NO3)2 contains no

• crystallization process. The optimum amount of PVP additive was 1 mg/mL, which was effective in reducing the number of defects of the perovskite film leading to better charge transfer and separation on the interface. Besides, the film exhibited a stronger absorption in the visible-light range. The best

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• nanostructured M-CAT-1 films exhibiting pronounced needle-like morphology on gold substrates were established by incorporating a crystallization promoter into the film synthesis. These nanostructured M-CAT-1 MOF films feature extreme wetting phenomena, specifically superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic

• conversion (VAC). These films showed enhanced hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic properties compared to the corresponding pressed pellet samples. Oriented, nanostructured M-CAT-1 films exhibiting a pronounced needle-like morphology on gold substrates were obtained by adding a crystallization promotor into

• the formation of a crystalline MOF film [71]. In the present study, we introduce the use of a crystallization promoter in the VAC process, solely for inducing distinct film morphology while maintaining crystallinity and crystal orientation on a preselected substrate. Accordingly, we employed VAC

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• “supersaturation” is hazardous, because due to the reduction in temperature, re-crystallization of dissolved active ingredients can easily occur. Nevertheless, the data obtained from this study indicate that it is possible to freeze–thaw nanosuspensions with good steric and/or electrostatic stabilization, without

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• the film normal (Figure 5a and Figure 5c). The crystallization process during annealing develops a stress field in the SiGe film plane that is the key factor for obtaining a equidistant/quasiperiodic SiGe NCs arrangement. The SiGe NCs are stress-free in the normal direction on the film and show no

• nanocrystallites present in as-deposited MLs may have acted as a nuclei for the directional crystallization of the nanoparticles as has also been suggested by Bertan and co-workers [38]. It is postulated there, that the nanosized ordered domains of Si have acted as seed crystals, resulting in a swift growth of

• crystals upon annealing. A similar phenomenon may have occurred in our structures, as depicted in Figure 4 and Figure 5. Thus, we can anticipate heterogeneous nucleation to be a dominant process during crystallization rather than conventional homogenous nucleation. This can be due to a better wetting of

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• rutin solution is used and evaporation continues, rutin continues to precipitate on the surface of completely loaded particles. When rutin deposits as a thin layer on the surface, the rutin stays amorphous; when the layer thickness increases above a critical threshold, crystallization occurs which can

• no crystallinity was detectable by XRD; the particles are filled to various extents, possibly with some being overloaded (>1.8 mL/g). Lower plot: some particles are obviously overloaded; the population contains a particle fraction in which detectable crystallization occurred. Recovered fraction of

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• dispersed silicon carbide (SiC). In this work, ZnO and SiC nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning of polymer solutions followed by heat treatment, which is necessary for polymer removal and crystallization of semiconductor materials. ZnO/SiC nanocomposites (15–45 mol % SiC) were obtained by mixing

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• gas sensing performance. Actually, the precursors before calcination are nanowire-like (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1), but they present nanoparticles or nanorods after calcination treatment. The process could be explained by the re-crystallization of WO3 when annealing in air atmosphere

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• average crystal size of TiO2 is 25.5 nm, which is calculated by the Scherrer equation [30]. The XRD pattern of BTD shows sharp BiOCl and TiO2 diffraction peaks, indicating a high degree of crystallization of BTD. In addition, when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 °C, BiOCl will gradually

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, i.e., 5N Bi and 5N Se. The crystal growth was performed by cooling in a horizontal furnace from 1073 K to 823 K at a rate of 6 K per hour. The crystals were then annealed at 823 K for 350 h and quenched in air. This free-melt crystallization (FMC) procedure produces single

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• content. The increase of the crystallite size is attributed to the bond energy of Co–O (397 kJ/mol), which is smaller than that of Fe–O (407 kJ/mol) [25]. The smaller bond energy speeds up the crystallization process, thus increasing the crystallite size in the samples. Microstructure and morphology In

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• method. The doping process and complete crystallization were achieved in 60 min. State-of-the-art first-principle calculations were performed on Y(OH)3:Eu3+ to investigate its crystallographic structure and resulting electronic and optical properties. In summary, a novel water-based, rapid, and simple

• crystallization. The SEM images demonstrate the morphology of the Y(OH)3:7.5% Eu3+ crystals fabricated at varying times in Figure 2a–c, from 5 to 60 min, respectively. The change in morphology of the crystals is evident. The phosphors obtained at 5 min of reaction time show a needle-like shape with nanometer

• ) demonstrated rapid crystallization of lanthanide-doped hydroxides. These crystals were driven by a crystal splitting growth mechanism that leads to the formation of a multipod structure. Furthermore, this method allows the controlled doping ratio by varying the dopant concentration. The fabricated red-emitting