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Search for "cysteine" in Full Text gives 48 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

  • Mamta Kumari,
  • Amitabha Acharya and
  • Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

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  • the reduction of disulfide bonds. Thiols, also called sulfhydryls, in the cysteine side chain are slightly less abundant than primary amines; therefore, the coupling by thiol groups is more selective [52]. Thiols in cysteines are linked by disulfide bonds (–S–S–) through an oxidation process where the
  • thiols groups are oxidized into disulfides. The disulfide bonds stabilize tertiary and quaternary protein structures and play a crucial role in protein folding [53][54]. For conjugation, free thiol and reduced thiol groups are required. Many proteins contain cysteine moieties linked with thiol. In
  • proteins that do not have free thiol groups, such groups can be generated either by reducing the disulfide bonds (DTT and BME) or by introducing cysteine residues (Traut’s reagent and N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate) at different positions. The reaction with primary amines or the reduction of disulfide
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Published 04 Sep 2023

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

  • Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

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  • enhances the hydrophobic interactions of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) segments, stabilizing the hydrogel. The anticancer drug DOX encapsulated in the hydrophobic core is slowly released through the dissolution of the hydrogel to micelles. By modifying β-CyD with both N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine and arginine
  • , insulin was orally delivered [98]. N-Acetyl-ʟ-cysteine enhances the mucoadhesion of the drug to enhance its biological absorption, whereas arginine promotes the intestinal absorption of insulin. The composite was sufficiently water-soluble and applicable to the oral delivery of insulin, which is mostly
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Published 09 Feb 2023

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO2 nanotubes modified with MoS2 and g-C3N4

  • Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
  • Thi Minh Cao,
  • Tho Truong Nguyen,
  • Hien Duy Tong and
  • Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

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  • fluoride (NH4F), N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine, ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24), thiourea (CH4N2S), nitrogen gas, melamine, and nafion solution. All chemicals and materials were purified and used without further treatment. Preparation of materials The individual materials including TNAs, MoS2, and g-C3N4 were
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Published 16 Dec 2022

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

  • Roopakala Kottayi,
  • Ilangovan Veerappan and
  • Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

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  • (GaCl3), sulfur powder (S), 1-dodecanethiol (DDTh), ʟ-cysteine, copper(II) chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), titanium isisopropoxide (TIP), glycerol, oleylamine (OAM), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP), chloroform, acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol were purchased from
  • [2][19][20]. Hence, in this work Cu2S was chosen as the CE material. The CE was fabricated as described in [8]. At first, Cu2S NPs were prepared by a hydrothermal method using ʟ-cysteine and copper(II) chloride. Then the Cu2S paste containing 95% of Cu2S and 5% of PVdF in NMP was coated onto FTO
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Published 14 Nov 2022

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

  • Yinglin Ma,
  • Xiangyun Xiao and
  • Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

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  • MOFs. Yang et al. reported the fabrication of chiral UiO-MOF-derived QCM sensors for efficient discrimination of cysteine (Cys) enantiomers (Figure 8), of which the ʟ-type is vital in biological processes but the ᴅ-type has a hazardous effect [100]. The chiral UiO-MOF sensors (ʟ- and ᴅ-UiO-tart) were
  • structure. The research group also prepared chiral Al2O3 films by a similar process using SAMs of cysteine (Cys) and KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 precursors (Figure 10) [121]. The resultant Al2O3 films were efficiently deposited on the SAMs and formed a very smooth and conformal film with a thickness of (8.9 ± 0.1
  • of metal-based chiral sensing applications. Based on surface modification or induced crystallization, metal nanostructures may bear chiral surfaces for chiral sensing of enantiomers. For example, Zhang et al. achieved chiral recognition of cysteine enantiomers using nucleotide-modified Ag
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Published 27 Oct 2022

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

  • Aisha Kanwal,
  • Naheed Bibi,
  • Sajjad Hyder,
  • Arif Muhammad,
  • Hao Ren,
  • Jiangtao Liu and
  • Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

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  • groups react with EDA to increase the QY and with dodecyl amine (DDA) to obtain CDs dispersible in polar solvents [91]. CDs doped with nitrogen and sulfur (N,S-CDs) were synthesized using rose petals as a natural precursor, and ʟ-cysteine and EDA as N and S dopants, respectively, by Sharma et al
  • . Cysteine and EDA help in hydrolysis and dehydration, respectively, which are part of the bottom-up approach. After completion of aromatization, the N,S-doped CDs are made from nuclear bursts [5]. Pal et al. used branched-chain PEI (bPEI) as a surface passivator and curcumin as a green precursor to
  • with a calculated fluorescence QY of 10.6% were also reported, which were found to selectively detect Fe3+ ions. These N-CDs/Fe3+ systems could be used to sense cysteine, based on fluorescence “turn on” effects (see below Figure 9). The reported N-CDs showed temperature-dependent fluorescence behavior
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Published 05 Oct 2022

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

  • Hendrik Bargel,
  • Vanessa T. Trossmann,
  • Christoph Sommer and
  • Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

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  • to 75–83 wt % of raw silkworm silk, while sericins, hydrophilic proteins forming a connective coating, constitute 17–25% of the weight of the fibre. Fibroins contain very few cysteine residues, whereas glycine, alanine, serine, and tyrosine make up more than 90 mol %. The fibroins largely contain
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Published 08 Sep 2022

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

  • Gufeng Li,
  • Shaoqing Li,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Min Yang,
  • Lizhu Zhang,
  • Yanli Zhang,
  • Wenrong Yang and
  • Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

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  • through the interaction between covalent and non-covalent bonds due to the smaller steric hindrance [23][24][25]. The surface of GNPs can be modified by Au–S bonds with molecules containing thiol groups, such as cysteine [26][27][28], 3-mercaptopropionic acid [29], and homocysteine [30]. Also, they easily
  • conjugate with drug molecules and fluorescent dyes [24]. Recently, we developed a novel Cu(II)-triggered release system with gold nanoparticles surface-modified with ʟ-cysteine for molecular delivery and imaging in cells [31]. Well dispersed GNP–ʟ-cysteine was conjugated with Rh6G2 (GNP–ʟ-Cys–Rh6G2) for a
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Published 23 Jun 2022

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

  • Xiaoyan Ma,
  • Haoning Gong,
  • Kenji Ogino,
  • Xuehai Yan and
  • Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

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  • , cysteine, and glutamic acid. The cysteine residue plays a pivotal role in protecting the body from oxidation damage; however, GSH is easily metabolized by enzymes [23]. In this work, we employed a facile co-assembly strategy to design hybrid nanoparticles as antioxidants [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31
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Published 01 Mar 2022

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

  • Huan Ren,
  • Lifang Wu,
  • Lina Tan,
  • Yanni Bao,
  • Yuchen Ma,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

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  • cells [38]. Gour et al. explored the self-assembly of nonaromatic amino acids. They first reported the ability of nonaromatic single amino acids, cysteine and methionine, to spontaneously self-assemble to form protein-like aggregates, which are very long and fibrous and may be cytotoxic to human
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Published 12 Oct 2021

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Rinea Barbir,
  • Vedran Micek,
  • Raluca M. Fratila,
  • Jesus M. de la Fuente and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

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  • was studied in the presence of the most relevant biothiols: cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH). Data on the size distribution of different AgNPs in the tested media are given in Figure 5 and in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1, while observed ζ potentials are presented in Figure 6 and in
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Published 07 Jul 2021

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  • Sahar Pourhoseini,
  • Reilly T. Enos,
  • Angela E. Murphy,
  • Bo Cai and
  • Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

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  • . RPMI medium contains chloride, which can lead to reprecipitation of Ag ions as described previously [37]. Furthermore, cysteine and thiol-containing proteins are found in FBS and have a high affinity for Ag ions and NPs. Ag loss to the container wall could be another reason that we did not get full
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Published 24 Mar 2021

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

  • Sébastien Gottis,
  • Régis Laurent,
  • Vincent Collière and
  • Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

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  • amino acids such as ʟ-histidine, which have been used to synthesize gold nanoparticles at a higher temperature (80 °C) [49], or cysteine [50]. The compound 1 was the dendrimer chosen for the functionalization with the Girard’s T reagent. The synthesis was performed via the Staudinger reaction between
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Published 28 Jul 2020

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

  • Ludovica Soddu,
  • Duong N. Trinh,
  • Eimear Dunne,
  • Dermot Kenny,
  • Giorgia Bernardini,
  • Ida Kokalari,
  • Arianna Marucco,
  • Marco P. Monopoli and
  • Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

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  • were sequentially isolated and fragmented by higher-energy C-trap dissociation. MS raw files were processed with MaxQuant software (version 1.6.2). The peak lists were searched against the human FASTA database. The search included the modifications of cysteine carbamidomethylation, methionine oxidation
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Published 03 Apr 2020

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

  • Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

Graphical Abstract
  • imaging [91]. Recently Duan et al. reported the synthesis of NIR-luminescent AuNCs capped with N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine (NAC-CS) for long-time imaging [92]. The Au-NAC-CS NCs were insensitive to hydrogen peroxide and trypsin in contrast to Au NCs coated with BSA or other proteins, allowing for extended imaging
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Published 30 Mar 2020

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

  • Varsha Sharma and
  • Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

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  • cell line showed a rapid uptake, demonstrating the potential for cancer therapy. Silica and gold NPs were assembled in a one pot assembly of specifically tailored diblock polymers of PLL and poly-ʟ-cysteine [82]. The electrostatic binding between the positively charged lysine blocks and negatively
  • charged silica NPs as well as the disulfide linkages between cysteine blocks and gold NPs resulted in two types of functionalities in the capsule. In a similar way, the capsules incorporated with noble metal NPs (e.g., gold and silver) respond to external light illumination by increased surface plasmon
  • use of UV light in the thiol-ene approach limits its application in drug delivery as it can damage DNA and cross-react with cysteine residues in proteins. The DAC approach may also affect cysteine residues in proteins that might undergo Michael addition to result in malemides [90]. Similarly, the use
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Published 27 Mar 2020

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

  • Maxime Demazeau,
  • Laure Gibot,
  • Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
  • Patricia Vicendo,
  • Clément Roux and
  • Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

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  • disulfide bonds has been proposed for stabilization. Li et al. [87] proposed telodendrimers formed by linear polyethylene oxide and pheophorbide a and cholic acid at the ends of dendritic polylysine. The insertion of four cysteine mioeties in the oligolysine backbone allowed for a stabilization of the
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Published 15 Jan 2020

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

  • Ivana Ruseska and
  • Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

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Published 09 Jan 2020

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

  • Mohammad J. Akbar,
  • Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
  • Melania Giorgetti,
  • Leanne Stokes and
  • Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

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  • vivo cancer imaging. In this report we decorated pegylated liposomes with a GRPR antagonist peptide and studied its interaction with, and accumulation within, lung cancer cells. Results: An N-terminally cysteine modified GRPR antagonist (termed cystabn) was synthesised and shown to inhibit cell growth
  • structure was modified to bear an N terminal ʟ-cysteine residue, which enables subsequent attachment to a functionalised lipid carrier. The peptide, hereafter termed cystabn, was prepared by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis and characterised by HPLC and mass spectrometry (data
  • not shown). To confirm the persistent functionality of the peptide after cysteine addition, NCI-H345 cells were exposed to escalating concentration of Tyr4-Bn and cystabn in serum-free conditions. As expected, Tyr4-Bn resulted in a scalable increase (p < 0.05) in cell number as judged by MTS assay
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Published 19 Dec 2019

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

  • Elisabeth Hengge,
  • Eva-Maria Steyskal,
  • Rupert Bachler,
  • Alexander Dennig,
  • Bernd Nidetzky and
  • Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

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  • approaches to modify a gold surface. However, only few techniques are capable of characterizing the formation of these monolayers on porous substrates. Here, we present a method to in situ monitor the adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers on nanoporous gold by resistometry, using cysteine as
  • example. During the adsorption an overall relative change in resistance of 18% is detected, which occurs in three distinct stages. First, the cysteine molecules are adsorbed on the outer surface. In the second stage, they are adsorbed on the internal surfaces and in the last stage the reordering
  • accompanied by additional adsorption takes place. The successful binding of cysteine on the Au surface was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, which showed a significant decrease of the double-layer capacitance. Also, the electrochemically controlled desorption of cysteine was monitored by concomitant in situ
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Published 18 Nov 2019

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Igor M. Pongrac,
  • Lea Ulm,
  • Ivan Pavičić,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Marija Ljubojević,
  • Adela Krivohlavek and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

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  • Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.10.175 Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the
  • +). The comparison with data published on polymer-coated nanoparticles evidenced that surface modification with biothiols made them safer for the biological environment. In vitro evaluation on human cells demonstrated that the toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs prepared in the presence of cysteine was similar to
  • . Keywords: biocompatibility; cysteine; ecotoxicity; glutathione; nano–bio interactions; nanosafety; nanotoxicity; Introduction Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver and gold have been employed in a wide range of products and applications in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable physico
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Published 02 Sep 2019

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

  • Elisabetta Esposito,
  • Maddalena Sguizzato,
  • Markus Drechsler,
  • Paolo Mariani,
  • Federica Carducci,
  • Claudio Nastruzzi,
  • Giuseppe Valacchi and
  • Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

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  • , supplementary studies will be performed to investigate the activity of hydrophilic antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine, loaded in NLCs and in comparison with conventional “non-nano” formulations. In addition, since some authors have demonstrated that CS induces depletion of some
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Published 29 Aug 2019

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

  • Katrin Partikel,
  • Robin Korte,
  • Dennis Mulac,
  • Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
  • Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

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  • cysteine and variable modification: oxidation of methionine, allowing for three variable PTM per peptide; (c) precursor mass error tolerance of 5 ppm; (d) fragment mass error tolerance of 1 Da. Proteins with a −log P value > 80 were considered to be reliable. Cell culture HepG2 cells were cultivated in 75
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Published 06 May 2019

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

  • Xiupei Yang,
  • Zhengli Yang,
  • Fenglin Tang,
  • Jing Xu,
  • Maoxue Zhang and
  • Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

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  • -soluble NCs and impurities. The separation by conventional purification techniques such as extraction, precipitation, chromatography or dialysis is incomplete. Some research in our group has already addressed the purification and separation of water-soluble N-acetyl-L-cysteine monolayer-protected
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Published 25 Apr 2019

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

  • Gonzalo Villaverde and
  • Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

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  • may also bind to the “secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine” (SPARC) present in the extracellular matrix, facilitating the approximation to tumoral cells. This is the postulated mechanism of action of Abraxane®, one of the most commonly administered nanomedicines based on albumin today (Figure
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Published 14 Jan 2019
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