Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• –ferromagnet–superconductor (SFS) structures have been predicted and calculated [26]. A quantitative study of the density of states (DOS) in bulk superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) bilayers in the diffusive limit has been presented. In addition, an analysis of the dependencies of DOS on magnetic and spin–orbit

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• distribution histograms of these values for all four different exfoliation media under investigation here. The distributions are skewed and best described by the exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) distribution [25]. The probability density function of the EMG distribution is given by: where μ and σ are the

• -X100 lies in between. Finally, let us add to the initial flake size discussion by analyzing the flake thickness distribution instead of the dimensionless parameters. The normalized histograms of flake thickness for all four samples (Figure 3c) are well adjusted by the EMG probability density function

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• corresponded to a nominal grafting surface density of 0.7 funct./nm2. Then, MMS-functionalized silica NPs (1.8 × 1016 part/L) were used as seeds for the seed-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene (100 g/L) stabilized by a mixture (3 g/L) of Symperonic® NP30 and SDS (5 wt %) and initiated by 1.3 mL of

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• particles (determined by the TGA method); mn is the ratio of the inorganic core from the mass of the particles (determined by the TGA method); DTEM is the particle diameter (determined by TEM); ρn is the core material density (magnetite ρ = 5.1 g/cm3, maghemite ρ = 4.9 g/cm3); and ρs is the density of the

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• addition to the hydrophobicity described above. The phenomena of density increasing with temperature at constant pressure and diffusion coefficients increasing with density at constant temperature were observed in experiments and simulations in bulk water [22][23][24]. Water presents both super flow and

• during the simulation. The system shown in Figure 1 is made of a reservoir of size 50 × 54 × 50 Å3. This reservoir has two regions, namely a liquid water region on the left and a water vapor region on the right. The number of water molecules in this simulation is 1473. The density of the vapor system is

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• seen that the predominant peaks are (222) and (400), which are the preferred orientations before and after laser annealing. The intensities of the crystallite peaks orientation increased and attained a maximum at 200 mJ. The crystallite size (D) and the dislocation density (δ) were determined from the

• XRD peaks using the following equations [28]: where D, 0.9, λ, β, and δ are the crystallite size, the shape factor, the wavelength of the incident X-rays, the full width at half maximum of the reflection at the diffraction angle θβ, and the dislocation density, respectively. The average crystallite

• size increased with the laser energy up to 200 mJ. It decreased to reach a minimum at an energy of 240 mJ. This trend in crystallite size is due to the rearrangement of the nanostructure. The particles sizes increase, defects are reduced, and the dislocation density (δ) decreases from 6.53 × 1014 to

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• calibrate the detector, we use a MW source with f = 74.5 GHz. Figure 6c represents a sketch of the calibration setup. The detector is placed in an optical cryostat and the gigahertz signal is guided through an optical window using two high-density polyethylene lenses. The gigahertz source is linearly

• suppression of Is corresponds to the absorbed MW power, Pa ≃ ≃ 30 nW. Thus, we can perform an absolute calibration of the absorbed power as a function of the detector resistance, as shown in Figure 6f. The absorbed power depends on the absorption efficiency, γ, the antenna area, Aa, and the power density

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• spectroscopy experiments [6][7][8], and has been studied with density functional theory (DFT) [9][10]. Previous work [11] has used dI/dV spectroscopy as a measurement of the density of electronic states [12] and identified this interface state starting at 0.6 eV. One characteristic of a two-dimensional

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• entrapped in the gel and could be gradually eluted with surfactant eluent [22][23]. With riboflavin, it is possible to perform the extraction of small-diameter near-armchair SWCNTs in a single step due to the absence of eluent and the differences in the density of riboflavin coating imposed by the

• an average diameter of 1.5 nm. The set of chiralities present in CoMoCat demonstrates a high affinity towards riboflavin, leading to a high riboflavin density on the SWCNT surface. As a result, we do not observe significant changes in UV–vis–NIR spectra or photoluminescence of dispersions before and

• according to Sharifi et al. [17], where the optimal lumiflavin packing density on the SWCNT surface was derived from nanotube chirality and found to be closely connected with the strength of H-bonding between adjusted molecules (Figure 4). Such packing comes from a continuous helical wrapping of

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• characterized by non-zero density of electronic states within the energy gap. The depth of such states increases if the system accepts an extra electron (Figure 1b), thus indirectly enabling electric conductivity along the polymer chain [11]. Later the validity of this model was supported experimentally and

• , to analyze the I–V at 300 K, one can apply the formalism of the theory of injection currents, which makes it possible to estimate the concentration of intrinsic charge carriers (n0) and their minimum mobility (μ) [18]: where, j is the current density, L is the distance between the electrodes, Un is

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• efficiency. Through a comparison of MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs, it was found that TNAs modified with MoS2 and g-C3N4 exhibited a current density of, respectively, 210.6 and 139.6 μA·cm−2 at an overpotential of 1.23 V vs RHE, which is 18.2 and 12 times higher than that of pure TNAs under the same conditions

• semicircle radius of all samples. This result indicates an increase in carrier density during the reaction with the electrolyte solution, leading to a decrease in resistance of the g-C3N4/TNAs and MoS2/TNAs samples. This could be explained by the enhanced optical interaction, causing an increase of the

• Mott–Schottky relationship involving the apparent capacitance as a function of the potential under depletion conditions [54]: where C, ε, ε0, N, A, Va, Vfb, k, and T are the capacitance of the space charge region, the dielectric constant of the semiconductor, the vacuum permittivity, the donor density

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• irradiation was performed with a TQ150 excimer lamp (150 W, with forced water cooling to 25 °C, 47 W light energy flux of power density 4.7 mW·cm−2 measured by a Peak Tech digital lux meter) immersed in the continuously stirred reaction suspension. The photocatalytic reaction was performed for 60 min. During

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• cyclic voltammograms show that incorporating TiO2 with the MWCNTs leads to a decrease in the electrical double layer, thereby facilitating the electron transfer rate in the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode. Moreover, the current density of the photoelectrochemical electrode formed by TiO2@MWCNTs under solar

• corrosion of the electrodes [44]. Accordingly, it is suggested that the 3 M KOH electrolyte is suitable for the photoelectrochemical electrolyte. Photoelectrochemical behavior The relationships between the applied potential and the current density of TiO2 and TiO2@MWCNTs electrodes under dark (D) and light

• (L) conditions (luminous emittance values in the range of 20–40 and 50–60 klux, respectively) are shown in Figure 10a. The results show that the current density of both electrodes tested under light condition is more higher than that in the dark. The TiO2 electrode exhibits insignificant

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• sizes. In the micrographs in Figure 6, it can be seen that the nanoparticles are embedded in a disordered system, with very low electron density. This system could be made of organic molecules that act as capping materials for nanoparticles, as described in the literature [24][40]. Thermal behavior The

• , Riverside, USA. In a similar manner to [52], peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from blood samples of healthy adult human volunteers, using standard Histopaque 1077 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. USA) techniques and density gradient centrifugation. PBMCs were maintained in Roswell Park

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• prepared using the same processing procedure. The samples were labeled depending on the hydroxyapatite type used for their preparation (HAP or HAG), the percentage of BG (5% or 10%) and the final sintering temperatures, that is, “HAP-5BG-1200” is the HAP-based sample with 5% BG sintered at 1200 °C. Density

• one hour boiling of the samples in water was made. The samples were weighted in air before boiling, in air after boiling, and in water after boiling with a precision of 0.0006 g. The apparent density was calculated using the formula where ρa is the apparent density in g/cm3, m0 is the initial mass of

• the samples in g, m2 is the mass of the samples in air after boiling in g, and m1 is the mass of the samples in water after boiling in g. The following formula was used for the calculation of the apparent porosity (open porosity), Pa: using the above annotations. The errors of measurement for density

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• ]. One of the main advantages of the cobalt-based battery is its high theoretical capacity of 274 mAh·g−1, the high working potential of 4.0 V vs Li/Li+, and the high energy density of approximately 500 Wh·kg−1 [5][6][7][8][9]. The complete removal of lithium ions from the LiCoO2 structure is prevented

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• large surface area, high electrical conductivity and electron transfer rate, and it can immobilise diverse molecules, which is ideal for biosensor design [37][38][42]. On the other hand, AuNPs offer outstanding characteristics such as biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic efficiency, density, and

• responded. The peak current and current density of the hybridised nucleotides are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Table S2. The observed pattern of the peak current was that the lowest for noncomplementary DNA, it then gradually increased with the reduction of mismatch in nontarget DNA, and reached

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• photothermal effects 4T1 cells were seeded onto 96-well plates at a density of 1.0 × 104 cells per well and cultured for 24 h. Various concentrations of AB-LNPs were added into each well. After being cultured for 6 h, the irradiation groups were exposed to 680 nm laser irradiation (0.5 W/cm2) for 60 s. The

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• 10.3762/bjnano.13.117 Abstract We present a quantitative study of the density of states (DOS) in SF bilayers (where S is a bulk superconductor and F is a ferromagnetic metal) in the diffusive limit. We solve the quasiclassical Usadel equations in the structure considering the presence of magnetic and spin

• –orbit scattering. For practical reasons, we propose the analytical solution for the density of states in SF bilayers in the case of a thin ferromagnet and low transparency of the SF interface. This solution is confirmed by numerical calculations using a self-consistent two-step iterative method. The

• behavior of DOS dependencies on magnetic and spin–orbit scattering times is discussed. Keywords: density of states; Josephson junctions; proximity effect; superconductivity; superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid nanostructures; Introduction It is well-known that superconductivity can be induced in a non

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• , water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) (10 µL) was added to wells and incubated at 37 °C for 4 h. Then, the optical density (OD) was measured via a cell plate reader at 450 nm (BiotEKM Synergy HT, USA). Cell viability (%) was calculated according to the following equation: Evaluation of in vitro

• seeded onto the apical side of 12-well polycarbonate membrane filters at a density of 60,000 cells/insert (Thincerts™, pore diameter 1 μm, area 1.13 cm2). The inserts were loaded with 500 µL of medium for the apical side and 1000 µL of medium for the basolateral side of the wells. Media were replaced

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• , lower charge transfer resistance, and improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). This subsequently enhanced the photocurrent density (three times) and decreased the photovoltage decay time (two times) in comparison to those of HBN. The electronic band structure (obtained through Mott–Schottky

• -responsive material with improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). The LED light harvesting properties were analysed through various established characterization techniques and the photocatalysis was verified by eliminating the aqueous phase methylene blue (MB: 93.83%) and phenol (48.56%) moieties

• –electrolyte interface was measured as a function of the applied potential (Eappl) and enunciated through Equation 8. Furthermore, the band structure, Debye length (LDB), density of charge carriers (Nd), and width of the space charge region (Wsc) pertaining to MBN-80 could also be calculated from the Mott

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• the surface tension of water, cos θ is the water contact angle of poly(vinylsiloxane) which was assumed to be 95°, and ρw = 997 kg/m3 the density of water, and g the gravitational acceleration. The reduced bubble lifetime for h > hmax whereas Vi is the initial volume of the air layer, with Ai the

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• and the density ρ ≈ 7000 kg/m3 of liquid iron and the gravitational acceleration g ≈ 9.81 m/s2 [50]. D. Formation energy of a gas layer When the gas pockets within cone-like structures on the tuyère surface are overflown by liquid iron they may stay fixed or they may become displaced. Both

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• measured by using an AM 1.5 solar simulator (Oriel instruments 67005) of 100 mW·cm−2 power density. This power density was calibrated with the photocurrent of the reference cell (crystal Si capped by an IR cut filter). Fill factor (FF) and photoconversion efficiency (η) were calculated by using the

• efficient photoanode for QDSCs and it produces more electron–hole pairs, which helps to improve the photocurrent density. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) studies were carried out to evaluate the electrons decay time of AZGSSe/TiO2. The decay curve was fitted with a biexponential function [33] and it

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• oxides, and binary Bi sulfides. Bismuth oxyhalides are indirect bandgap semiconductors in which photogenerated electrons and holes rarely recombine. BiOX is an excellent photocatalyst, and it is widely applied due to its small bandgap and high electron density, which are easily adjustable by changing the

• (λ > 420 nm), photoelectrochemical studies demonstrated that the RhB photodegradation effectiveness and photocurrent density of the BiIO4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid composite is much higher than that of the pure components. Because of the successful construction of the BiIO4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid, the photocatalytic

• carriers, and SPRs enhanced the ability to absorb visible light. The photocatalytic activity of Bi(M) was further enhanced by the exposure of (010) facets (Figure 4a). Bi5+ reduced the bandgap of BiOBr, which led to an increase in the density of carriers. Examining electron transfer channels and