Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• collected over the bulk material with a Quantum Design superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) MPMS-XL-5. The magnetic susceptibility of the samples was corrected considering the diamagnetic contributions of their atomic constituents as deduced from Pascal’s constant tables and the sample holder

• . The DC data were recorded under external applied fields of 100 or 1000 Oe in the 2–300 K temperature range. The AC data were collected under an applied field of 3.95 Oe at 997, 333, 110, 10, and 1 Hz. All magnetic measurements were carried out in eicosane, since this diamagnetic material allows for a

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• this article, recent progress in magnetic applications in the field of micro- and nanorobots is reviewed. First, the achievements of manufacturing micro- and nanorobots by incorporating different magnetic nanoparticles, such as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials, are discussed in

• transportation of cargo [22][23], and transmit energy. Compared with other concepts, magnetic MNRs that combine diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials [24] could have a greater driving force and exhibit characteristics such as biocompatibility [25]. Hence, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely

• according to the alignment and response of magnetic dipoles, magnetic materials can be divided into diamagnetic, paramagnetic [31], ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. Diamagnetism of the material can be attributed to the orbital angular momentum, which is a phenomenon in which

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• magnetization value for free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a similar size [27]. This is attributed to the existence of the diamagnetic component arising from MWCNTs [46]. In order to investigate the blocking temperature, TB, of the MnFe2O4/MWCNTs, ZFC and FC measurements were carried out. The ZFC curve increased

• due to the existence of a diamagnetic component in CNTs. In the literature, the reported value for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles of 12.5 nm in size is 55 emu/g [27]. From the above analysis it can be concluded that particle size has a major effect on the blocking temperature value. Shape, anisotropy, and

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• crystallographic directions by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). For all samples, we subtracted the linear diamagnetic contribution from the STO substrate to plot the hysteresis loops. The direction variation of the external in-plane magnetic field was changed by physically rotating the sample, using

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• performed with a Quantum Design MPMS SQUID magnetometer equipped with a reciprocating sample option (RSO) sample holder. [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n measurements were carried out on microcrystalline powder pressed into pellets to avoid in-field orientation of the crystallites. The diamagnetic contribution was

• calculated using Pascal’s constants [47]. [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica measurements were performed under the same operating conditions but using three superimposed slices of the sample held together with Teflon tape. Diamagnetic corrections were applied according to the procedure described in the main text

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• expectedly showed no signals of Ti(III) around 3500 G due to its oxidation state Ti(IV), which is diamagnetic and thus EPR-silent. Both samples, C-P-ETS-10/60 and P-ETS-10/60, display a typical signal of high spin Fe(III) of dispersed paramagnetic centers. Their g-value of 4.3 is indicative of a large axial

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility, this leads to a decrease in the critical fields of magnetic [27][28] and electric [14][16][26][29][30] Fréedericksz transition (a threshold process of changing the orientational structure inside an NLC layer under the action of external fields [31]). Experiments

• the NLC matrix. The total free energy F of such an NLC–CNT suspension in an external magnetic field can be written as follows: Here K11, K22, and K33 are the Frank constants, H is the external magnetic field strength, χa > 0 and are anisotropies of the diamagnetic susceptibility of the NLC matrix and

• deformation of the orientational structure of the suspension is due to the presence of the impurity CNTs, and for γ ≪ 1 the appearance of distortions of the NLC director is due to the diamagnetic nature of the NLC matrix. The expression in Equation 5 for the reduced volume fraction g(ζ) of CNTs containing the

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• characteristic broadening peaks from 1.58 to 1.88 and from 3.88 to 4.10 ppm, which displays a slight chemical shift consistent with expectations for the presence of nanocluster-bound ligand [5]. This resonance broadening (relative to the monomer ligand) is due to the discontinuity of the diamagnetic

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• . For WS2-NTs (red spectrum, inset image), the external magnetic field induces a very weak magnetic field in the opposite direction. This means that WS2-NTs are diamagnetic. The CAN-mag curve (green) demonstrates superparamagnetic behavior, where the magnetization increases with the strength of the

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• parity state with respect to the axis of the quantum dots, the y-axis. Subsequently, y-polarized cavity photons couple the two states strongly through the paramagnetic electron–photon interaction, but only weakly through the diamagnetic interaction. On the other hand, x-polarized photons can only couple

• the two states weakly through the diamagnetic interaction. We thus observed two different Rabi oscillations depending on the polarization of the cavity field [9][15][16][17]. Here, we select an asymmetric system with slightly dissimilar quantum dots located at opposite ends of the short quantum wire

• = 3 × 10−7 (aw is defined below). In the second line of the Hamiltonian (Equation 2) are the para- and the diamagnetic electron–photon interactions, respectively. Aext (Equation 3) is a classical vector potential leading to a homogeneous, external, small magnetic field, Bext = 0.1 T, directed along

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• Design SQUID with RSO, in order to accurately measure any magnetic changes in the graphite samples, which are of the order of (or less than) 10−6 emu. The magnetic field was applied parallel to the graphene planes to diminish the contribution of the diamagnetic background. The samples were transferred

• after Raman characterization. Figure 4a shows the normalized magnetization M/Ms as a function of the magnetic field H for samples irradiated with an energy of 0.4 MeV (LE), low and high doses, together with the pristine sample, after subtracting the diamagnetic contribution inherent to graphite. Even

• the zero-field region, after subtracting the diamagnetic contribution. The inset shows the complete loops, measured with a maximum applied field of 1 T, perpendicular to the hexagonal c-axis. b) Normalized remanence (left axis) and coercivity (right axis). AFM images and height profiles of (a, d

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• MNP-44, while for the smallest NPs, we obtain a slightly lower Fe3O4 volume fraction of 91%. For optimized MRI and MPH properties, the Fe3O4 volume fraction should be high since the diamagnetic Au can only be considered as a minor contributor. In comparison to Fe3O4, Au does not modify the optimized

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• magnetometry on arrays of nanowires in polycarbonate matrices with the applied field oriented both along and perpendicular to the nanowires. After subtracting the diamagnetic contribution and applying the same method to estimate the amount of the measured magnetic material as in [27], hysteresis loops

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• superconducting quantum interference device (MPMS-XL SQUID) magnetometer from Quantum Design (San Diego CA, USA). The samples were filled inside gelatin capsules, and the diamagnetic contribution of the sample holder and the empty CNT was subtracted. Results and Discussion Morphology and structure The morphology

Magnetic field induced orientational transitions in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2807–2817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.280

• shape (aspect ratios of 102 to 103) and anomalously high anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility ( ≈ 10−5 to 10−4) [8][9][10][11], CNTs are very attractive for the creation of nanocomposites based on LCs with high magneto-orientational response. From experimental data [12][13][14][15][16], it is

• known that in the absence of external fields CNTs are oriented parallel to the director of the LC matrix, which corresponds to the planar type of coupling. However, homeotropic coupling is also possible [17]. Thus, for suspensions of CNTs based on LC with positive diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropies

• and planar coupling of LC with the CNT surface, then in the absence of a magnetic field . In the case of a positive anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility of the LC χa > 0, applying a magnetic field H = (0,0,H) will lead to the appearance of distortions in the orientational structure of the LC

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• magnetic field, leading to a different morphology and adhesion as discussed below. This effect is most likely caused by the diamagnetism of the CNFs [38] despite of the paramagnetism of the Ni catalysts. During the growth in the ethanol flame, the magnetic field causes a diamagnetic force onto the CNFs

• their growth. The sample consists of a piece of a silicon wafer with a 60 nm thick copper layer covered with nickel catalysts from which the CNFs grow. During the growth with the magnet a diamagnetic force acts on the CNFs () in the direction away from the magnet. Additionally, depending on the actual

• the paramagnetic force is smaller than the diamagnetic force, the net force acts away from the magnet orienting the growing CNFs. (a) Time series of an experiment showing the growth of CNFs in an open ethanol flame. For comparison we show a clean silicon sample as reference on the left and a copper

Ferrocholesteric–ferronematic transitions induced by shear flow and magnetic field

• Dmitriy V. Makarov,
• Alexander A. Novikov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2552–2561, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.255

• control are revealed. One of such materials is a ferroliquid crystal, a highly dispersed magnetic suspension of anisometric particles of a ferro- or ferrimagnet, in which the carrier liquid is a liquid crystal [10]. In contrast to pure liquid crystals, which are diamagnetic media with a quadrupole

• the diamagnetic susceptibility χa of a liquid crystal to be positive, so the vector n tends to orient in the field direction. In this case the magnetic field and the shear flow act competitively on the ferrocholesteric. Each of these influences orients the director of the ferrocholesteric in its

• dimensionless coordinate and h is the dimensionless magnetic field strength. For the unit of the magnetic field, we have chosen the value for which the diamagnetic F2 and elastic F1 contributions to the free energy (Equation 6) turn out to be of the same order. It is simply related to the cholesteric–nematic

Alternating current magnetic susceptibility of a ferronematic

• Natália Tomašovičová,
• Jozef Kováč,
• Veronika Gdovinová,
• Nándor Éber,
• Tibor Tóth-Katona,
• Jan Jadżyn and
• Peter Kopčanský

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2515–2520, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.251

• , the threshold voltage of the reorientational response is just a few volts, owing to the relatively large anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity. Analogous effects exist with magnetic fields. However, the threshold magnetic fields are high (B = μ0H ≈ 1 T) as a consequence of the small diamagnetic

• in the nematic phase, and that of the 6CB-based FN with a MNP concentration of = 2 × 10−4, measured in the isotropic phase (T = 315 K). The straight line for 6CB indicates the usual diamagnetic behavior. In contrast to that, at low magnetic fields the FN composites are superparamagnets; they exhibit

Dissociative electron attachment to coordination complexes of chromium: chromium(0) hexacarbonyl and benzene-chromium(0) tricarbonyl

• Janina Kopyra,
• Paulina Maciejewska and
• Jelena Maljković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2257–2263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.225

• electrons and accordingly are diamagnetic. For such compounds, it has been postulated that DEA leads exclusively to the formation of fragment negative ions [26], without formation of parent anions, since the captured electron has to occupy an antibonding molecular orbital. In accordance with the predictions

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

• Azar Aliabadi,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Vladislav Kataev and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

• ] diamagnetic molecules [23] and even individual single-molecule magnets (SMMs) [24] were already successfully integrated, and spin-organic field-effect transistors [25] or spin-organic light-emitting diodes [26] were developed. Although it remains puzzling to understand the spin-polarized transport phenomena

• sensitivity than NMR spectroscopy. One possibility to investigate the electron spin density by ESR is, as nicely described in [33], the fabrication of single crystals composed of the paramagnetic complex of interest co-crystallized in the host lattice of a corresponding and structural analogous diamagnetic

• the physical properties of our compounds. This progress leads to the request for advanced types of materials. It would be thus challenging to replace the paramagnetic terminal [Cu(pmdta)]2+ complex fragments of 11 and 12 by diamagnetic [Zn(pmdta)]2+. Such heterotrinuclear Zn(II)Cu(II)Zn(II) complexes

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• successfully acquired both on the diamagnetic (H2TPP(OMe)4) and paramagnetic (NiTPP(OMe)4 and CuTPP(OMe)4) molecular films on silicon substrates. Based on numerical calculations using an optical model described in [18], which was developed by us and applied successfully for porphyrinoid-based thin films [17

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• of the molecules integrated into spintronic devices ranges from purely diamagnetic molecules to individual single molecule magnets (SMMs) [4]. Among such molecules metalloporphyrins are very promising in terms of diverse applications [4]. Recently, we reported on the deposition of thin films of

Tuning the spin coherence time of Cu(II)−(bis)oxamato and Cu(II)−(bis)oxamidato complexes by advanced ESR pulse protocols

• Ruslan Zaripov,
• Evgeniya Vavilova,
• Iskander Khairuzhdinov,
• Kev Salikhov,
• Violeta Voronkova,
• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Vladislav Kataev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 943–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.96

• diamagnetic Ni(II)-containing complexes [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opba)] and [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opbon-Pr2)] have been studied with pulse ESR techniques at X- and Q-band microwave frequencies of ≈9.8 GHz and 33.9 GHz, respectively. The accessibility of such diamagnetically diluted single crystals has been recently described by

Probing the magnetic superexchange couplings between terminal Cu^II ions in heterotrinuclear bis(oxamidato) type complexes

• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Azar Aliabadi,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Frederik Schleife,
• Berthold Kersting and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.82

• )(pmdta)2]2+ as not involved in any further intermolecular interactions. As a consequence thereof, the complexes 1–3 possess terminal paramagnetic [Cu(pmdta)]2+ fragments separated by [NiII(opboR2)]2– bridging units representing diamagnetic SNi = 0 states. The magnetic field dependence of the

• . Susceptibility measurements versus temperature of 1–3 between 1.8–300 K were performed to reinforce the statement of the absence of magnetic superexchange couplings in these three heterotrinuclear complexes. Keywords: bis(oxamidato); crystallographic characterization; diamagnetic; heteronuclear complexes

• spins (Figure 2b), complexes with high-spin ground states can been obtained. If we follow this idea further we could replace the middle local spin, cf. Figure 2b, by a diamagnetic fragment. This would allow unambiguous verification of whether type III/IV complexes might have J1,3 magnetic couplings

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• necessarily to grow very long polymer chains which are diamagnetic, but to functionalize ENPs efficiently in order to increase their compatibility with polymer matrices. Comparison of the grafting densities obtained here with those reported elsewhere suggests that, for ENPs of similar size, phosphates and