On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• % osmium tetroxide, 0.1% uranylacetate and 5% water) was pre-cooled to −90 °C before samples were added. Finally, the samples were embedded in EPON 812 and sectioned at room temperature using a diamond knife. For elemental analysis, some of these specimens were additionally coated with a thin carbon layer

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

• Yan Beygelzimer,
• Roman Kulagin,
• Laszlo S. Toth and
• Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

• numerical simulations show that the true plastic flow during HPT can differ significantly from the theoretical predictions given by the simple scheme above. In particular, in [4][5] a problem of coupled phase transformations and plastic flows under torsion at high pressure in a rotational diamond anvil cell

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• ), (95%, Aldrich), DL-dithiothreitol (Biotechnology grade, Fischer), cysteamine (95%, Aldrich), L-cysteine (97%, Aldrich), and D2O (98%, Aldrich). Deionized water (ρ >18 MΩ·cm) was used and obtained using a Barnstead Diamond TII (Thermo Fisher) purification system and the pH value was adjusted using 100

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• polymer matrix composites (PMC) and has shown to yield significant improvements in different (mechanical, thermal, and electrical) properties of the produced nanocomposites [6][7][8][9]. Graphene exhibits a honeycomb lattice, the sp2 bonding of which is much stronger than the sp3-bonding found in diamond

The hydraulic mechanism in the hind wing veins of Cybister japonicus Sharp (order: Coleoptera)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Wei Wu,
• Mingze Ling,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 904–913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.82

• basic mechanisms produces the various folding patterns [11]. Moreover, the hind wing diamond area type can play a central role as a spring [11][13]. The ribs are arranged in a certain way. Another possibility is that the folding and unfolding actions are controlled by two different mechanisms [14

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• Majid K. Abyaneh Pietro Parisse Loredana Casalis Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.72 Abstract Herein

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• attracted attention for batteries and supercapacitors, as active materials and/or dispersible conductive additives [12][13]. Usually C-onions are obtained by using sophisticated technologies, such as vacuum annealing of nano-diamond precursors [14][15], nano-diamond annealing in inert gases [16], arc

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• its elemental form as graphite, diamond and coal. Its production is about 9 Gt/year for technological applications, constituting the highest production compared to all other elements [18]. Nanostructured allotrope forms of carbon have been intensively investigated in the past two decades because of

• structure (similar to diamond) and is formed at temperatures below 1700 °C. The α-SiC and the β-SiC can also be catalogued with the Ramsdell classification scheme where a number indicates the layer and a letter indicates the Bravais lattice type, such as cubic (C), hexagonal (H) or rhombohedral (R) [155

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• a Bruker Tensor 27 with Platinum ATR accessory. The data were collect on a room temperature deuterated L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (RT-DLaTGS) detector with a resolution of 4 cm−1. The empty diamond crystal was measured against air as background. For background and sample 64 scans have been

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• 60 °C. The resin capsules were cut using an ultra microtome (Leica Ultracut, UCT) and a 45° diamond knife. Ultrathin sections of approximately 95 nm were obtained and observed using STEM mode. Electron microscopy characterization: Silver nanoparticles were characterized using a 2010-F JEOL field

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• scratching angles of 90 and 0°, 90 and 45°, and 0 and 45° in two-step machining, they have been able to fabricate an array of dot and diamond-dot structures with very controlled size and orientation, demonstrating in this way the capability, from a “nanomanipulation” point of view, of the AFM ripple

Controlled switching of single-molecule junctions by mechanical motion of a phenyl ring

• Yuya Kitaguchi,
• Satoru Habuka,
• Hiroshi Okuyama,
• Shinichiro Hatta,
• Tetsuya Aruga,
• Thomas Frederiksen,
• Magnus Paulsson and
• Hiromu Ueba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2088–2095, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.213

• the tip–molecule contact on the conductance. For a given tip apex, the conductance is recorded sequentially for each of the two molecules, generating a data point (green diamond) in the plot. Then the tip apex is modified by a gentle touch to the surface and the measurement procedure is repeated. The

Development of a novel nanoindentation technique by utilizing a dual-probe AFM system

• Eyup Cinar,
• Ferat Sahin and
• Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2015–2027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.205

• towers and the scanners sit on an anti-vibration table and the entire setup is enclosed within an acoustic chamber to eliminate acoustic noise. Figure 4 includes the details of the experimental setup demonstrating the multi-probe nanoindentation technique. For nanoindentation experiments, a diamond probe

• approach. Once the indenter probe is in feedback with the sample surface, the probe is held in that state and the second probe on the right hand side (AFM tower probe) is placed on top of the diamond probe. The positioning of the two probes is shown schematically in Figure 4. Once the contact is

• and then pushes toward the indenter probe for 200 nm. The displacement of the indenter is monitored with the AFM probe, which is oscillating and kept in phase-feedback. In our proposed system, the depth sensing is performed with an AFM probe which is in phase-feedback with the top of the diamond

Simulation of thermal stress and buckling instability in Si/Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

• Suvankar Das,
• Amitava Moitra,
• Mishreyee Bhattacharya and
• Amlan Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1970–1977, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.201

• [9][23][24]. The simulated CSNWs have a single crystalline, pseudomorphic diamond-cubic configuration and the effective lattice constant is obtained by gradually varying the lattice constant of the system within a range [16]. The lattice constant yielding the minimum energy (per atom) after

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticle agglomerates

• Sinan Sabuncu and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

• stored at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements FTIR analysis was performed using a Thermo Scientific, Nicolet iS50 FTIR instrument (Massachusetts, USA) in attenuated total reflectance mode with a diamond plate and ZnSe lens. The samples were dried at 90 °C on a

Lower nanometer-scale size limit for the deformation of a metallic glass by shear transformations revealed by quantitative AFM indentation

• Arnaud Caron and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1721–1732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.176

• . In order to measure topography both amplitude and frequency shift are tracked by a feedback loop so as to keep the cantilever oscillation in resonance [15]. For indentation and imaging we used a diamond-coated silicon single crystalline cantilever (Type: CDT-NCLR, manufactured by NanoSensors). The

• indentation with a stiff diamond-coated AFM tip. The indent was analyzed with regard to its projected area and its pile-up volume by using the indentation analysis function of the software package Gwyddion [20]. The projected area and the pile-up volume were determined by masking the area with height values

• work with the shape of a given tip. Figure 3 shows a SEM image of the diamond-coated AFM tip after recorded after finishing all measurements presented in this report. One can recognize the granular structure of the diamond coating of the tip. From SEM images like this one it is usually not possible to

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• diamond is also shown here [93] as an example of carbon nanostructure with predominantly sp3 hybridization (Figure 6e). A unique σ* feature starting at 290 eV is typical for diamond, in contrast to that of graphene, which starts at 292 eV. One step further, the doping of elements into carbon lattices can

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• retarded bands of CPs modified with the linker SM(PEG)4 (diamond, PEG), or after coupling SM(PEG)4 and different peptides (stars, peptides as indicated above), compared to unmodified CPLys (triangle, Lys). (b) Peptide-equipped TMV–Lys particles exhibiting different separation patterns during native agarose

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• opaque portion on the left is polycrystalline cobalt while the transparent region on the right is graphitized carbon. The SAED pattern taken on the big central grain (55 nm wide and 65 nm long, blue circled), after a tilt of the sample, is shown in the upper panel. The spots arranged in a diamond lattice

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• to Peled et al. they made use of a solid sodium foil as anode and a diamond-like carbon thin film electrode as cathode. In accordance with typical lithium–oxygen cells they used 1 M NaPF6 in EC:DMC 1:1 as the liquid, aprotic electrolyte. The cell setup was an H-shaped glass cell. Using transmission

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• these bands suggests that amorphous carbon or diamond-like carbon exists on the specimen. It should be noted that no such peaks were observed for the sample without electron beam irradiation (after the steps (i) and (iii)). Figure 6 shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of a nanoparticle

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• diamond solution. Further, the specimens were polished by using a 50 nm colloidal silica suspension at a very low load to obtain the strain-free specimen surfaces. Plane parallelism of the specimens was maintained throughout the polishing. An NTEGRA AFAM system supplied by M/s. NT-MDT Co., Zelenograd

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• . Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS): The infrared spectra of neridronate, APTES and dopamine moieties were recorded using a Perkin Elmer, Paragon 1000PC, FTIR spectrometer, equipped with a MCT detector and a single reflection, monolithic diamond, Golden Gate ATR accessory (Specac, England

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• . Accordingly, the modifications of carbon have completely different appearance. The sp2- and sp3-bonded modifications, graphite and diamond, are known since ancient times, however it took until the beginning of the 21st century until the synthesis and investigation of graphene, as the two-dimensional

• likely, never become available as a standard bulk material like graphite or diamond. In the same way as graphite is composed of stacked sheets of graphene, carbyne is considered as an arrangement of linear chains of carbon atoms. The chains are therefore the elementary building blocks of sp1-hybridized

• characteristics in alkynes, in particular acetylene, the structure of sp1-hybridized carbon is addressed in many textbooks of chemistry although carbyne is not a standard phase of carbon like graphite or diamond. Two extreme cases for the electronic structure can be imagined, namely cumulene with double bonds

Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• composition. For example, the octahedral shape characteristic of natural diamonds is also observed for nanoparticles that consist entirely of C atoms in the diamond crystal structure [18]. The Wulff construction offers a simple and rigorous way to describe nanoparticle shapes without the need to use complex

• structure of materials allowed for calculations of interface tensions from first principles. These data were often used in Wulff constructions for the prediction of the shape of nanoparticles in a variety of environments. Some characteristic examples include supported Au [33][34], diamond [35], TiO2 [36

• ], Si in amorphous SiO2 [37], diamond in amorphous C [38], Rh and Pd under oxidizing conditions [39], Cu in N gas [40], Au under oxidizing conditions [41], noble metals with an environment [42], complex metal hydrides [43], iron carbides [44] and dawsonites [45][46], just to name a few. Atomistic Wulff