In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• indicated with asterisks. In an earlier work, the same combination of Ag and AgCl signals was obtained using extracts of Stevia rebaudiana [21]. In that report, the effect of the ratio between metallic AgNPs and AgClNPs on the morphology and dispersion in a thermoplastic starch matrix was demonstrated. At

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• dispersion medium, all of analytical purity; the sol–gel method was described elsewhere [36] (method I - HAG 1b). After the calcination at 900 °C for 2 h, the samples were ground to obtain the HAG powder of about 55 nm particle size. The bioglass composition is presented in Table 1. The samples were prepared

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• values (a0 = 2.81498 Å, c0 = 14.0493 Å, V0 = 96.41 Å3) of the ICDD PDF card. All the lattice constants are similar to “ideal” patterns (in the PDF4+2021 ICDD database, the lattice constants for a fixed stoichiometric dispersion pattern are a = 2.792–2.856 Å, c = 14.033–14.289 Å) and are within the range

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• solution at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. After that, the electrode was entirely washed with ultrapure water, then ultrasonically cleaned in ultrapure water, and dried in an oven at 50 °C for 2 h. Graphere was dispersed into deionised water by ultrasonication to form a Gr dispersion with a 1 mg/mL concentration

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• release properties were evaluated in PBS with different pH values (pH 7.4 and 5.5). AB-LNPs dispersion (2 mL) in a dialysis bag was placed in 20 mL release medium. After 2 h and after 6 h, the sample was irradiated with a 680 nm laser (0.5 W/cm2, 60 s). At predetermined time points, 1 mL of solution was

• first reaction order (method A) is mixing Au3+ with preformed LNPs to form Au-LNPs (the synthesis procedures for Au-LNPs were reported previously [8]) followed by addition of an aqueous BDP suspension. The blue dispersion of Au-LNPs turned green after the addition of BDP. After mixing Au-LNPs with BDP

• (molar ratio of DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP = 2:1:1), the mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further ultrasonicated for 10 min at 25 °C. The acquired green dispersion, designated as AB-LNPs, showed excellent stability with no precipitation after centrifugation. Method B is mixing BDP with preformed LNPs followed

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• nanoparticle aqueous dispersion and the mucin. For this purpose, 40 mg mucin powder was dispersed in 50 mL ultrapure water and stirred for 12 h. Then, by centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 15 min, excess mucin was removed and the mucin solution was obtained. Mucin solution and nanoparticle dispersions were mixed

• at a ratio of 1:4 (mucin solution/nanoparticle dispersion, v/v) and vortexed for 90 s. Mucin–nanoparticle mixtures and aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles were incubated at 37 °C and turbidimetric measurements were conducted at 650 nm at predetermined time points (0, 30, 60, and 120 min

• then applied over the gelatin layer. Initially, a 10 percent (w/v) gelatin dispersion was made by heating 50 mL of ultrapure water on a magnetic stirrer to 60 °C, and then 1 mL of the dispersion was added to each well of the 24-well cell plates. The gelatin layer in the experimental model was cooled to

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• thanks to the significant charge carrier dispersion provided by hybrid orbitals involving the Bi 6s orbital, as seen in Figure 2. Photoinduced electron–hole separation and charge carrier transfer in Bi-based materials are facilitated by a unique layered structure that creates an IEF. A magnetic field is

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• generated in the colloidal films by controlling them, thus causing the colloidal films to split to form regular fibrous colloidal crystals. The morphology of the colloidal fibers can be effectively controlled by controlling the dispersion components, temperature, particle concentration, and other factors

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• . Furthermore secondary pollution is a problem with burning [34]. Chemical dispersion can be a last-ditch effort to protect sensitive areas from an oil spill but does not separate the oil from the water; many dispersants can also be toxic to the environment [33]. Commonly used sorbents used in the emergency

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• nanostructures. Also, upon increasing the Ag fraction in the sample, the dispersion of the trimetallic assembly considerably increases, which is clearly reflected in Figure S3c–e, Supporting Information File 1. The importance of the rGO support is further evident from the imaging of supportless the ACC-2* sample

Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

• Qingdong Yang,
• Weijin Chen,
• Yuntian Chen and
• Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

• waves. Physical investigations can be implemented only after considering simultaneously the dispersion of the index and the spectrum of the incident waves. Consequently, the zero-index scenario is also excluded in the following analysis. It has been rigorously proved that the solutions of Equation 5

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• coefficient and the Hansen solubility parameters for KP15 According to the Hansen’s theory [19], the dispersed concentration C of a KP15 dispersion prepared by liquid exfoliation can be expressed by Equation 1 as follows. where δD is the intermolecular dispersion force, δH is the intermolecular hydrogen bond

• ; δP is the intermolecular polar force; δA,D, δA,P, δA,H are the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of the solute; and δB,D, δB,P, δB,H are the HSPs of the solvent. Therefore, to get a high concentration of KP15 in dispersion, the HSPs of the solvent for the exfoliation of KP15 should be close to

• the HSPs of KP15 and the HSPs of a given solvent is reduced, τ can be reduced with an improved exfoliation efficiency. Figure 5 shows the concentration of KP15 dispersions as a function of τ. When τ tends to zero, the concentration of the KP15 dispersion reaches the maximum value, which corresponds to

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• . Measurement of size and zeta-potential Particle size and size distribution were measured based on dynamic light scattering using a ZetaSizer® Ultra (Malvern Panalytics, Malvern, United Kingdom). 50 µL of GNP dispersion was diluted 20-fold, the pH was adjusted to 7.5, and the samples were measured in the

• , the appropriate particle concentration in 200 µL HBSS was applied. After an incubation time of 4 or 24 h on a shaker with 35 rpm at 37 °C, the particle dispersion was removed, and the cells were washed once with HBSS. The MTT reagent (methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide, Acros organics, USA

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• tailored by controlling the evaporation front and the withdrawal speed, making photonic sensors possible. To pack the coordination polymer particles denser, stronger forces were introduced by casting the particle dispersion at an ice–water interface [142]. After freezing of the residual water, the

• . KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Illustration of packing nanoflakes between substrates through evaporation of a dispersion of nanoflakes. Figure 8 was reprinted with permission from [147], Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• limited owing to the aggregation of these phases, resulting in the decrement of active sites during photocatalysis [27]. In order to further increase the effectiveness of these heterostructures, the fabrication of efficient TiO2 materials for a homogeneous dispersion of Bi2WO6 through its morphological

• that the cellulose-derived three-dimensional network structures of the Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites promote the uniform dispersion of the Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the TiO2 nanotubes, which is beneficial to the formation of active sites and well-proportioned heterostructures for the photocatalytic

• powder (16.0 m2·g−1) [52]. This is mainly benefited from the uniform and compact dispersion of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes without aggregation. The corresponding pore size distribution pattern analyzed by the BJH model exhibits a sharp peak at approx. 3 nm and a wide peak at

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• linear dispersion of the Dirac fermions [36]. These features proposed for graphene enable novel active devices, including modulators [37], perfect absorbers [38][39], imaging devices [40], detectors [41], waveguides [42][43], polarizers [44], and electromagnetic chirality devices [45]. The strength of

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• with other methods that require more effort from the lab workers, as well as exfoliation expertise and equipment. Experimental Cascade centrifugation In order to achieve homogeneous films with defined particle sizes, a dispersion of electrochemically exfoliated graphene from Sixonia Tech GmbH (G-DI5P

• -NMP-C50-2+, Dresden, Germany) was processed by cascade centrifugation (centrifuge model: COLO LACE16 from Novo Mesto, Slovenia, rotor R30403 with radius 8.19 cm). The commercially obtained solution contained a dispersion of graphene in NMP. Although many solvents are commercially available, NMP was

• the solvent of choice because of its favorable properties regarding LB deposition [14]. 1 mL of dispersion was initially centrifuged at a rate of 1500 rpm (relative centrifugal force, RCF, equal to 206g). The obtained centrifugation sediment contained the largest nanosheets of the initial dispersion

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• approximation. Our goal is to compare the ideal activation function σ(φin) and the activation function of the considered cell iout(φin). We use the square of the standard deviation, SD, for this purpose: where Dis[(…)] means the dispersion of a data set. Analysis of Figure 6 and Figure 8 allows us to conclude

• activation function of the neuron (see Figure 3 and Figure 6c) arising during evolution from the superposition state are also smoothed out. Previously, these oscillations were associated with the interference of the phases of the SQ states. However, the possible dispersion of the initial phases makes the

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• ], glycerol, a safe substance in pharmaceutical applications, was used to dissolve BBR in this study. Sonication provided mechanical energy to improve the dispersion of the nanosized BBR crystals. Homogeneous BBR NPs were produced with a size of 156 nm under a certain sonication conditions. The solubility of

• section and different sizes in the micrometer range. After the antisolvent precipitation process, the size of BBR NPs was expected to be at the nanoscale. TEM observation shows that the BBR NPs had a uniform rectangular shape with sizes lower than 100 nm (Figure 3b). It also reveals a good dispersion of

• PdI value reached 0.555, indicating a good stability of these BBR NP solutions. This can be explained by the narrow distribution of particle sizes, indicated by the low PDI value, resulting in a sufficiently large repulsive interaction between particles to form a stable dispersion [40]. Glycerol is a

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• conductivity, which is only possible if the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids is clearly underpinned. Several mechanisms have been suggested by researchers to effectively predict this improvement in thermal conductivity. The most widely accepted mechanisms for dispersion

• alkanes. The large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) molecular dynamic package provided by the Sandia group, created by Plimpton et al. [46][47][48], was used for simulating the dispersion of nanoparticles in water and alkanes. The water/CuO system consisted of 463 transferable

• enables the system to keep the pressure constant but the volume is varied). The temperature of the nanofluid during simulation was maintained at 303 K with 1 bar pressure. Electrostatic and van der Waals forces were imparted on the nonbonded interaction for dispersion. Charges on the system were

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• -radiolabeled AAT, was separated with a PD10 desalting column to remove impurities, unreacted compounds, and low molecular fractions. The purified fraction of the 125I-radiolabeled BSA, or 125I-radiolabeled AAT, was used in the following experiments. PHEG-Tyr nanogel dispersion (0.5 mL, 3 mg/mL in PBS buffer

• loaded with AAT (0.102 and 0.051 mg) for 24 h. The assay was prepared by mixing of BAEE solution (2 mL, 0.37 mM) in PBS buffer (pH 7.6) with 1 mM HCl (0.125 mL), dispersion of AAT loaded-PHEG-Tyr, or AAT loaded-Nα-Lys-NG, nanogel (1 mL), and trypsin solution (0.075 mL) in 1 mM HCl in cuvettes for UV–vis

• dispersion of AAT loaded-PHEG-Tyr, or AAT loaded-Nα-Lys-NG, nanogel (1 mL). Inhibition assays using only AAT without the nanogels were prepared by solving AAT (0.102 and 0.051 mg) in PBS buffer (4 mL, pH 4.7) following the same procedure. Trypsin enzymatic assay was prepared by mixing BAEE solution (3 mL

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• microneedle arrays by thumb for 30 s, the microneedle heights were measured again. Preparation of artificial agarose skin Previously, agarose gel was utilized as an artificial skin model [28]. Briefly, 2.5 g of agarose was suspended in 100 mL water. The dispersion was then placed in the microwave to melt for

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• and lower toxicity [26][27]. In our previous studies, polymeric systems composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poloxamer 407 (P407) were obtained and characterized. P407 could improve structuring and rapid dispersion of polymeric matrices, which showed promising

• ; however, from the images it can be seen that inside of each needle there are air bubbles or less deposits of extract. The MNs containing GE showed to be more malleable; they were more homogeneous in the dispersion of the extract; however, they also displayed air bubbles along the structure. The

• software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). The substrate composed of an aqueous dispersion of gelatin 5% (w/w) was prepared by dispersing the weighed gelatin in warm water. After complete dispersion, the dispersion was poured into petri dishes and allowed to dry at room

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• ethosomal formulations containing a potent antioxidant, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and to evaluate their potential for use in cosmetics by determining their antioxidant and antiaging effects. Ethosomes (ETHs) were prepared via mechanical dispersion and characterized in vitro in terms of particle

• was prepared using mechanical dispersion [22][24]. The prepared ETHs consisted of 2–4% (w/v) phospholipids, 15–45% (v/v) ethanol and the effects of phospholipid and ethanol concentration on the characterization properties of the formulations were investigated. The SPC was added to the round-bottomed

• preparation of ETHGs, initially 1.0% (w/v) of Carbopol 980 was added to distilled water, adjusted to pH 5.5 with triethanolamine in 1:1 (v/v) ratio, and allowed to swell overnight at room temperature. Then, the optimized ethosomal dispersion was gelled by mixing 1.0% (w/v) Carbopol 980 solution in the ratio