Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• these different areas (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Mechanistic insights and operational advantages The material contrast generated by the superposed eigenmode phase originates from the cantilever’s high sensitivity to the gradient of tip–sample interactions and energy dissipation

• processes [6][26], complementing the absolute force measurements obtained from the quasi-static PeakForce feedback loop. This dual-mechanism approach enables the detection of a broad range of near-surface properties, including elastic modulus, viscoelasticity, and dissipation, greatly enhancing material

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• the NPs in solid and liquid state, respectively, and Lm is the latent heat of fusion. These equations allow to determine the threshold irradiance required to melt NPs of specific sizes and compositions using laser pulses with a selected duration, fluence, and wavelength: The dissipation of the

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) reveals that reducing D below RPEG (D < RPEG) forces chain extension through lateral compression, forming brush conformations where the excluded volume effect dominates [14]. For PEG2k (RPEG2k ≈ 8.2 nm), achieving this brush regime requires interchain distances

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• normalized time, τ. Our simulations revealed a critical damping threshold at αcrit ≈ 0.8; below this value, stable soliton propagation is not supported. Also, under this condition, the energy dissipation rate is too high relative to the energy transfer between adjacent junctions, causing the soliton to decay

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• bond formation, metal chelation, and covalent interactions [6]. The byssal threads display a mechanical gradient, with regions proximal to the animal more elastic and distal regions stiffer and tougher [7]. This design allows for effective dissipation of hydrodynamic forces and maintains attachment of

• quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D)-based studies of the adhesive properties of rPolcp19k-his monomers and fibres formed under different physicochemical conditions, as well as after a similar pH switch, are planned. Conclusion This study identifies a low pH and high salt concentration

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• the Markovian approximation, and also the correct way of introducing the Lindblad dissipation operators. These problems remain important in the general field of open quantum systems, extending beyond spin models [7][8][9]. One of the practical applications is modelling of certain quantum computing

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• are currently used, as well as fundamental features of the thin film formation processes with new composition and coatings of various types. These types of nanomaterials are very promising (in terms of computational performance and energy dissipation efficiency) for use in superconducting digital

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• layers are also increasingly expected to provide resistance against mechanical shocks, electromagnetic shielding, and thermal dissipation. The development of new material systems capable of fulfilling these multifunctional requirements is essential for expanding the practical utility of bioresorbable

• degradation. While polymeric and inorganic coatings have demonstrated partial success, a unified encapsulation platform capable of addressing water barrier performance, mechanical robustness, and multifunctional protection, such as electromagnetic shielding or thermal dissipation, remains an unmet need. To

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• . Therefore, the pre-programed grid in FV defines the amount of information (number of nanoindentations per scanned line) taken from the sample surface and also its resolution. Typical parameters obtained using the FV mode are the height, stiffness, adhesion, elasticity modulus, and dissipation of the sample

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• transitions can be well modeled by classical approaches down to the nanometer scale in a local thermodynamic equilibrium [32][33][34]. A synthesis of the different coevolving phenomena with excitation and dissipation requires more detailed numerical approaches [35] or simulations. Molecular dynamics (MD

• provide an alternative pathway to understanding the energy dissipation pertinent to NP excitation in a liquid medium, as described in the next section. The abovementioned results highlight the capability of UED in probing laser-induced structural dynamics in liquid-phase systems. In particular, its

• femtosecond time resolution and ability to access large momentum transfer enable real-time imaging of chemical bond dynamics. We anticipate that UED will complement X-ray scattering techniques in studying liquid dynamics, providing critical insights into energy dissipation processes in laser-excited NPs

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• way for the design of materials with tailored functionalities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Dielectric properties are fundamental for understanding the behavior and performance of various material systems, as they directly influence charge storage, polarization, and energy dissipation mechanisms. For instance

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• smaller distance between molecular chains, which improves energy dissipation. Saeedi et al. [142] conducted DMTA tests and found that storage modulus and loss modulus of chitosan/PVA improved with the addition of graphene oxide. An improvement of loss modulus indicates resistance of polymer chains against

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• Joule dissipation leads to energy dissipation of the cantilever oscillation and a reduction in amplitude for constant excitation. They focus on two-dimensional materials and discuss how the reduction in amplitude resulting from energy dissipation influences the height measurement. In addition to the

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• this range ε1xx = ε1yy = ε1zz then ε1 = 1.5; consequently, the speed with which an electromagnetic wave propagates through this zeolite is v = 0.81c. Of course, the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves outside this range may not be the same. Given that ε2 quantifies energy dissipation within

• the medium [64], Figure 6a shows that ideally the zeolite exhibits null dissipation within this energy range. Figure 6a indicates that the zeolite exhibits negligible dissipation in this specific energy range. Particularly within the visible spectrum (ranging from 1.63 to 3.26 eV or from 380 to 700 nm

• ), this absence of dissipation shows that the material is transparent, a characteristic commonly associated with distinct aluminosilicates [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Given that the ELF is connected to the relative permittivity as follows [74]: it is anticipated that its behavior below the

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ), (∇u)T is the transposed velocity gradient tensor, τ is the viscous stress tensor (Pa), μ is the dynamic viscosity (Pa·s), Q includes heat sources other than viscous dissipation (W·m−3), and δij is the Kronecker delta symbol. All equations in this section were taken from [26], except Equation 5, which

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• was chosen since no significant heat dissipation from the surface is expected into the vacuum. Ion impacts are generated in equal time intervals as specified by the average time between two ion impacts and are randomly placed with a uniform spatial distribution on a circular beam profile (specified as

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• temperature increase due to the electrical power dissipation in the bolometer Pin was used. The temperature increase ΔT was calculated from the resistance change shown in Figure 5. The equation ΔT = Pin/Gth can be rewritten and used for the calculation of the thermal conductance Gth: where Vbias is the bias

• voltage of 1.5 V, and Rbolometer(Vbias) is the resistance at bias voltage. The temperature change ΔT due to the electrical power dissipation was calculated using Equation 2, and the resistance change in Figure 5 for sample 1 and sample 2 was determined using temperature values of 129.1 and 20.3 °C

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• were investigated. For a dielectric constant equal to 12, the proposed structure provides a power dissipation of 2.8 pW and a maximum current sensitivity of 104%. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the dual-cavity topology offers a higher efficacy than the single cavity in terms of power consumption

• and current sensitivity [96]. Furthermore, the power dissipation is lower and the delay is much larger. Additionally, power dissipation is different for charged and neutral biomolecules. Furthermore, the transient response of the proposed biosensor adds a diverse aspect when analyzing the delay of the

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• state for long durations and only need to be reformed occasionally. Energy damping: Depending on the structural layers for the biomimetic adhesives, there could be significant internal energy damping for energy absorption, that is, highly viscoelastic fibers and energy dissipation as heat during

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• analysis The effective method to reduce drag in the flow field is to delay boundary layer separation and inhibit turbulence generation [33]. Because turbulence generation leads to energy dissipation, increasing the energy loss. Therefore, the drag reduction of the microtextured blade surface was analyzed

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• monolayer flakes of 2D materials is the inaccurate height derived from topography images, often attributed to capillary or electrostatic forces. Here, we show the existence of a Joule dissipative mechanism related to charge dynamics and supplementing the dissipation due to capillary forces. This particular

• of surface charges and their intricate interaction with the tip. Keywords: 2D materials; incorrect height measurements; Joule dissipation; surface conductivity; tip influence; Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a promising platform for next-generation electronic devices [1

• differences of the wetting properties [34]. At moderate oscillation amplitudes, intimate tip–sample contact is avoided, and the energy dissipation takes place at the lower turning point of the oscillation cycle because of the formation and rupture of liquid necks [35][36][37]. When operating in this less

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• been formalized by the linear response theory and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) [74][75], establishing a connection between fluctuations about equilibrium and the response of a system to external forces upon its susceptibility (or response function). Thermal energy and probe fluctuations

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• power spectral density of fluctuations in force (force noise) SFF(ω), which sets a minimum detectable force (signal-to-noise ratio equals one) in a given measurement bandwidth, that is, signal integration time. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem applied to the harmonic oscillator gives where Tm is the

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• increase in scanning frequency from 0.2 Hz to 1 Hz. This suggests that a faster scanning frequency can cause more wear. This increased wear may be attributed to low-cycle fatigue resulting from the higher speeds, which generate more heat and energy dissipation, thereby rendering the tip more susceptible to

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• dissipation while applying force than DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR. The loss tangent (tan δ) is defined as a G''/G' ratio. The dependence of tan δ with frequency for DPNR/GO samples was quite similar to that of DPNR, in which tan δ decreased as frequency decreased. This phenomenon is appointed to the pure

• in DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) may be responsible for a fast energy dissipation. Consequently, DPNR/GO0.5 which uses unmodified GO, shows both entropic and energetic elastic properties, as evidenced by the dependence of loss tangent versus frequency [34]. Conclusion Graphene oxide was