Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• model and showed that CBSA-nanoparticles had an apparent permeability (Pe) seven times higher than that of BSA-nanoparticles. Furthermore, a leaching study of coumarin-6 was performed at pH 4.0 and 7.4 and showed that less than 1% of the dye was released from the nanoparticles after 80 h. Thus, coumarin

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• (200–400 nm), and the high hole–electron pair recombination rate restricts its photocatalytic efficiency [6][7]. Many efforts have been devoted to solve these problems with the aim of improving the catalytic performance of TiO2, which include doping with nonmetal elements [8], dye sensitization [9

• the catalyst, so the catalyst needs to have a certain adsorption capacity for dye molecules. Due to the presence of oxygen vacancies, the surface of TiO2 is usually negatively charged and has a good adsorption capacity for cationic dye molecules [36]. Commonly used cationic dyes are rhodamine, methyl

• blue, methylene blue, etc. This article uses methylene blue (MB) as the dye molecule. To evaluate the influence of the different structures on the catalytic reaction, UV–vis photocatalytic experiments were carried out on different samples using MB solution as the reactant, as shown in Figure 7. In

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• under different temperatures and applied for the purification of water contaminated with dye molecules of different sizes and charge by adsorption. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, it was found that the hydrophobicity, pore size and mesopore volume increased. A mesoporous PDC sample obtained via

• pyrolysis at 900 °C showed remarkable performance in the adsorption of dye molecules, irrespective of dye charge, especially in the removal of bulky dye molecules, such as acid red 1 (AR1) and Janus green B (JGB). For example, the most competitive PDC material showed a Q0 value (maximum adsorption capacity

• ) 8.1 times that of commercial, activated carbon for AR1. The remarkable adsorption of AR1 and JGB over KOH-900 could be explained by the combined mechanisms of hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Keywords: acid red 1; adsorption; bulky dye molecules; Janus green B

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• size range. Note that the zeta potential curve of CNP-L is not reported since this sample rapidly agglomerates by lowering the pH value, making the measurement unfeasible. The presence of acidic groups at the surface of CNPs was quantified by titration using the dye thionine acetate [30]. The density

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ). The Au-MUDA-NLS NCs were easily internalized and distributed in the nucleus when studied using HeLa cell lines (Figure 4A). The intracellular and nuclear distribution was studied using a membrane dye WGA-Alexa 594 and a nuclear dye, SYTO59. This suggested that Au-MUDA-NLS NCs were well distributed in

• labeling and imaging using AuNCs. A) HeLa cells were treated with (a, b) Au-MUDA NCs and (e, f) Au-MUDA-NLS NCs for 1.5 h. The left panel shows the one-color image. The right panel shows the two-color colocalization image of HeLa cells incubated with Au-MUDA-NLS NCs and counterstained with membrane dye WGA

• –Alexa 594 and nuclear dye SYTO 59; scale bar: 25 μm. B) Schematics showing the etching method to prepare luminescent AuNCs and their conjugation with streptavidin. C) (a) Fluorescence, (b) bright-field, (c) and overlay of fluorescent and bright-field images of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells stained with

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• -hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (PHPMA) [92]. The first hollow capsules based on CuAAc method was formed by azide and alkyne modified PAA along with rhodamine dye over a silica template. The hollow capsules exhibited a pH responsive behavior with reversible swelling and shrinking at acidic and basic pH [93]. In a separate study

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• 0.01 g L−1 MB aqueous solution, followed by 1 h of magnetic stirring in the dark to make sure the adsorption saturation of MB onto the photocatalysts was achieved. Then, the photocatalyst–dye aqueous suspension system was exposed to light. 4 mL of the aqueous suspension was extracted every 20 min and

• 0D/2D CuO structure and interfacial interaction between CuO and tourmaline. The initial solution pH affected the photocatalytic performance mainly via changing the adsorption of dye molecules onto photocatalysts (Figure 7a), as adsorption occurred firstly during the photodegradation reactions [42

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• internalization of VLPs In order to test the cell internalization of VLPs, BMV and CCMV VLPs were loaded with NanoOrange, a hydrophobic fluorescent dye. Both BMV and CCMV viruses have hydrophobic residues in their capsid protein in which hydrophobic molecules, such as NanoOrange, are bound. Due to the high

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• : The polyplexes with a tracking dye (bromophenol blue, 2 µL), were loaded on a 1% agarose gel. The electrophoresis was carried in Tris/boric acid buffer (TBE) buffer at 80 V for 45 min. The gel was imaged after staining with ethidium bromide in a UV transilluminator using a gel documentation system

• absence of cytotoxicity of the blank PVI polymer suggests that this carrier could be a cyto-compatible system for gene therapy. (A) Gel retardation assay for polyplexes formed with different ratios (v/v) of PVI/siRNA. Ethidium bromide dye (2 µg/mL) was used. The bands were visualized using UV

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• – high glucose (DMEM), fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin-streptomycin, ʟ-glutamine solution and sodium pyruvate solution as well as the fluorescent dye resazurin sodium salt were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany, Steinheim). The near infrared fluorescent dye DiR was purchased from

• al. [10]. For the encapsulation of the fluorescent dye DiR as a potential label for noninvasive optical in vivo imaging, the solvent ethanol was evaporated from the dye stock solution and the remaining DiR was dissolved in MCT at a concentration of 0.3 mg/g. Kolliphor HS 15, which was molten at 50 °C

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• double-helical DNA through ᴅ- and ʟ-threolinol linkers to analyze the molecular exciton theory of heterodimeric chromophores [95]. NMR studies revealed the antiparallel orientation of the two dyes across the duplex strand. Further studies indicated that the increment in dye number could dramatically

• affect the spectroscopic behavior and the solution properties of the dye. DNA–metal nanoparticle architectures Interactions of DNA with nanoparticles are an attractive area for the fabrication of functional DNA nanoarchitectures [96]. The surface properties of the nanoparticles are greatly influenced by

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Model 3550, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Japan) with a reference wavelength of 655 nm. Gel disks without cells were used as background controls. Microscopic study of the cells To visualize the PDLCs, the cells were labelled with a vital dye called Vybrant DiD

• washed twice and then stored in PBS at 4 °C. The examination was carried out under a two-photon microscope (Femto2d, Femtonics, Hungary). A SpectraPhysics DeepSee laser was used at a wavelength of 800 nm to excite the photoactive dye. Images were taken with a 10x objective by the MES4.4v program. The

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• duplex. Difference in intensity of bands (lanes 4 and 3) is related to different concentration of siRNA in samples (concentration of desorbed from AuNPs was four times less than control). Arrow shows BrPh dye. The electrophoretic analysis was carried out in 15% native polyacrylamide gel. (C) Optical

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• fluorescence trace from H345 cells loaded with Ca2+ reporter dye, Fura-2 AM before injection of GRPR agonist, Tyr4-Bn. Baseline fluorescence was monitored for 30 s before peptide injection. (B) Escalating concentrations of Tyr4-Bn were injected into H345 or H82 cells and the Fura-2 AM fluorescence emission

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• not fully overlapped with the endosomal compartments counterstained with a red dye. We tested the effects of decreasing the overall concentration of the nanohybrids or the number of MBP-γ per nanohybrid assembly on the staining levels of the cells. We found that reducing the overall concentration of

• cellular fate of these structures rather than appearance in solution. The confocal microscopy data were further exploited to generate a z-stack, to visualize the fluorescence distribution of the nanocomposites side-by-side with that of the Cy5 dye and cell nuclei. The 3D-stack, shown in Figure 2A, confirms

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• building electricity demand can be produced on site [1]. Solar windows can be split into two groups: perforated grids of opaque solar cells, such as silicon, or one continuous semitransparent thin film solar cell (dye-sensitized, perovskite, quantum dot, etc.) [1]. Perforated solar windows, comprised of

• following for reference: dye-sensitized – PCE of 9.2% at 60% AVT [5]; polymer – PCE of 4.0% at 66% AVT [6]; halide perovskite – PCE of 6.4% at 30% AVT [7]. Dye-sensitized, organic, and halide perovskite absorbers are generally sensitive to moisture, especially in combination with sunlight and air [8][9][10

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• photoanode and CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br) as light absorbing material to derive perovskite dye-sensitized solar cells with conversion efficiencies of 3.81% (X = I) and 3.13% (X = Br). However, the corrosion of the perovskite material used in the electrolyte results in a poor stability of the devices [5]. In July

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• fluorescence dye (2) is activated with DCC in water-free DCM and reacts with the terminal alcohol group of PLGA (1) under DMAP catalysis to the functionalized polymer (3). Properties and miscibility of organic solvents with water according to the Hildebrand solubility parameter. Overview of the concentration

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [9][12][13], as electron acceptors or donors in inorganic or hybrid solar cells [10][14][15][16][17] and as second electron acceptors in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) [18]. An iron pyrite thin film used as a counter electrode showed a conversion efficiency

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• , responsive dye KD-M1337, and a cation exchanger sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate. The binding of cesium ions to the calix[6]arene derivative shifts the equilibrium, resulting in color changes even in domestic water and seawater. Sonicating this optode mixture provides nano-optode sensor

• moisture, which results in the generation of internal stress. An optode sensor to visually detect cesium ions in domestic water and seawater, comprised of a calix[6]arene derivative, responsive dye KD-M1337, and cation exchanger. An electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor with anti-bisphenol A

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• together and incubated at 60 °C for 10 min. The samples were left to cool for 30 min and then centrifuged at 14000g for 40 min (Thermo Scientific CL10 Centrifuge) to pellet the particles. The supernatant BCA dye absorbance was measured at λ = 565 nm using a microplate reader. The change in absorbance is a

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• visualization of pathophysiological processes with high sensitivity but with relatively low spatial resolution and shallow penetration into the tissue [30][31]. Cyanine7.5 NHS ester (Cy7.5), a near infrared fluorescence dye, has attracted extensive attention from researchers in various fields, including optical

• nanoprobe which could be specifically accumulated in EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma. The DSPE-PEG-Cy7.5 system was chosen as Cy7.5 is a widespread near-infrared dye with a long emission wavelength and has been applied extensively as a live imaging agent in the biomedical field. The as-synthesized DSPE-PEG

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• occurs. However, flow cytometry-based cell proliferation monitoring performed with cells stained with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye has confirmed that cells coated with pure silica or silica/halloysite display a similar cell proliferation pattern as intact HeLa cells

• happen. Finally, to demonstrate the selective recognition, we prepared mixtures of HeLa cells with yeast cells and then added HeLa cell-templated imprints. HeLa cells were pre-stained with a DAPI nuclear dye for better visualisation of mammal cells in a mixture with fungi cells. As shown in Figure 4G