Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• perpendicular to the layers in the stacking direction. We compared the decay of the current with the number of layers and evaluated the ability of h-BN to filter currents as a material coating. To investigate the effect of disorder, we included two major defects in the graphene lattice, namely, nitrogen doping

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• 4:1 ratio of n-hexane to P. setacea seeds, following the methodology recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists [55]. Prior to extraction, dried seeds were grounded, placed in folded filter paper, and inserted into the Soxhlet extractor. The extraction was carried out for 6 h at

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• channels after the pre-amplifier for dedicated, parallel processing of PFT feedback path and high-eigenmode detection path. The channel of the PFT feedback path is processed by the system’s built-in PeakForce electronics. A low-pass filter (200 kHz cut-off) and synchronization algorithms suppress high

• -sample-related contribution, a 3×3 median filter was applied, and all subsequent quantitative analysis was performed on the processed data. Results and Discussion Vibration control strategy in PFT-based multifrequency AFM mode In standard PFT mode, acquiring high-frequency force curves (typically 0.5–2

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• scaffolds remains challenging, as modifications that improve release kinetics or protect the core can sometimes compromise biocompatibility or cellular interactions [55]. To evaluate the structure of the nanofibers produced, confocal microscopy was used under a fluorescent filter to study the morphologies

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• integrated in twin-slot and double-dipole antennas. The miniature size of SINIS detectors allows them to be integrated into antennas of various types. Also, the detector itself is not frequency-selective, but by integrating such devices into various antennas and using additional filter elements, the

• characteristics of the SINIS detector matrix installed inside the cryostat with a closed optical window and under irradiation by the source; The lower part demonstrates a PT2 temperature of 2.6 K and a 3He pot temperature of 263 mK. Transmission spectrum of the cold mesh filter. (a) I–V curves and dynamic

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• analyzed by high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy and diffusion-filter techniques. The ALC-0159 PEG lipid consists of a PEG2k chain conjugated to a C14–C14 dialkyl glycerol anchor. The surface PEG chain density was estimated at 27.3 PEG chains per 100 nm2 according to the average LNP diameter of 77 nm; this

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• showing the rippling effect caused by pulse-tube vibrations. The orange curve is obtained by applying a low-pass filter with cutoff frequency 0.75 Hz. (e) Effect of filtering and smoothing on the acquired image. Device parameters Ωm and Γ are determined by fitting the measured mechanical resonance. ω0, κ

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• . Formation of protein fibrils Purified rPpolcp19k-his protein was concentrated to 500 µg/mL using an Amicon® Ultra Centrifugal Filter, 10 kDa MWCO (Merck). The protein was reconstituted at 500 µg/mL in 10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) or 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) with NaCl concentrations

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• range of 1–20 μm can easily pass through the filter layers, limiting the overall removal efficiency [41]. These observations highlight the persistence of MPs, especially those with small sizes, in treated water, revealing the limitations of current technologies and the need for ongoing innovation in

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• were filtered through a 0.45 µm Millipore filter, and drug solutions were filtered through a 0.22 µm Millipore filter. Then, cells were treated with blank nanoemulsions and PHYT in serial dilutions, considering the concentration of drugs in the formulations (200 to 3.125 µg/mL) and incubated for 24 and

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• conducted to determine (1) the appropriate amounts of surfactant in the pre-emulsions, (2) the nanoformulation prepared in an ophthalmic vehicle (OV), and (3) its stabilization with a co-surfactant. The formulations prepared in the OV were sterilized using a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane filter (0.22 μm

• liquid was removed with filter paper, and the samples were counterstained with 2.5% uranyl acetate (w/v). The grids were then dried under vacuum for 24 h before TEM analysis. Long-term stability test The long-term stability of the nanoformulations was assessed by storing the samples in hermetically

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• reconstructed using the GridRec algorithm [36] with a Shepp–Logan filter, implemented in TomoPy [37] with the P05 reconstruction pipeline. The resulting voxel size was 127 nm. Prior to the DVC analysis, some preprocessing was performed using FIJI (ver. 1.54f) [38]. Since the sample expanded in vertical

• five resolution levels using a Gaussian filter was applied. The number of iterations per resolution level was set to 1000 for the affine transformation and 2000 for the B-spline transformation. Advanced normalized correlation was chosen as the correlation metric. The detailed parameter files

• , “Affine_parameters.txt” and “BSpline_parameters.txt” can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Based on the resulting displacement field, the Green–Lagrangian strain was calculated using the Insight Toolkit strain filter extension (ITK: ver. 5.3.0, itk-strain: ver. 0.4.0) [40] in Python (ver. 3.11.9) [41]. Finally

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• Organization (WIPO) were used to carry out the search using the descriptors “nano* AND cancer AND natural product” for research associated with cancer treatment, while the descriptors “nano* AND immun* AND natural product” was implemented to analyze patents related to immunotherapy. Furthermore, a time filter

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• that for nylon, particularly in pore volumes ranging from 1 to 11, due to differences in charge and surface interactions. Conventional MP treatment models using BC include batch tanks and filter columns, as presented in Table S3, Supporting Information File 1. Based on statistical results depicted in

• Figure 6c, the MP removal efficiency using filter column models is 95.31% ± 5.26%, while the batch-modified BC model achieved 93.36% ± 4.92%. Fixed columns are highly effective for MP sizes of approximately 10 µm and larger, whereas batch methods are preferred for MPs smaller than 10 µm. The efficiencies

• of these two models are based on different mechanisms, as described in Figure 6. MP removal by BC filter columns is primarily facilitated by the fixation of particles through filtration effects, entanglement due to surface roughness and hydrophobic interactions [47]. The negatively charged surfaces

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• 400–2000 nm) provided white light excitation across the visible spectrum. Two crossed polarizers were employed, with a polarizer and analyzer used to enhance the scattered field from the nanotubes relative to the stronger reflected field from the substrate. A low-pass optical filter with a cutoff

• wavelength of 700 nm was placed after the analyzer to filter out blackbody radiation generated by the heating crucible. A long-distance objective (Nikon Plan Fluor ELWD 20× 0.45 C L) was used for illumination and collection. Growth process videos were captured using a digital camera (Hamamatsu c11440 ORCA

• by frame through the video. To extract the growth kinetics of each nanotube, the as-recognized objects were tracked using the Hungarian method [25] and Kalman filter (or linear quadratic estimation) [26], which are widely used for object tracking [27]. The Hungarian algorithm matched masks across

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• 2400 nm. The TOPAS Prime optical parametric amplifier supplied by Light Conversion is used for this purpose. Subsequently, the laser beam was directed to ablate stainless steel following wavelength adjustments. To regulate the laser beam’s final intensity at the sample, an ND variable filter (VF) was

• periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Critical components of this setup include the femtosecond laser, optical parametric amplifier (OPA), ND variable filter (VF), mirrors (M), three-axis stages (3D stages), and a convex lens (L) employed to focus the laser beam onto the surface precisely. The inset image

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• xenon lamp was 300 W (PLS-SXE 300C, 100 mW·cm−2) equipped with an AM1.5G filter to simulate solar light conditions. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements were performed by scanning the potential from −0.6 to 1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl), at a scan rate of 0.05 V·s−1. In the LSV test, the light source

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• dilution of the solution. The solution was washed by centrifugation three times and filtered through a 10 μm nylon mesh filter membrane. In the neutralization step, the solution was neutralized by dialysis with deionized water, which was replaced every 6 h, and sonicated using a Hielscher UP400St

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• of nanocomposites in 50% MeOH was prepared. The solution was subjected to ultrasonic bath for 10 min at room temperature. Then, the samples were filtered with a 0.22 μm filter and injected into the HPLC system. For each sample, two runs were performed, and the average peak areas obtained were used

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• the data were the average of three wells. The nanoparticle colloids diluted with PBS were sterilized with a filter (Milex-GP SLGP033RS (0.22 µm)), then used. The concentration of nanoparticles in PBS was estimated by optical absorbance measurements, and the value in the culture medium was changed

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• filtered by a Whatman filter paper and the extract was collected and placed on a magnetic stirrer with a sand bath maintained at 120 °C for 24 h. The color of the solution changed from orange to brown confirming the reaction progresses. After that, it was left alone until the reaction solution reached room

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• through a 48-channel delay line detector. To analyze the photoelectron intensity of an individual atomic element on the captured SPEM maps, the image underwent background correction by eliminating the topographic features. We also applied the (3 × 3) filter to reduce the noise before extracting the

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• plate (plates were pre-coated with gelatin for HMEC-1) and allowed to adhere overnight. Fresh media were prepared as described above. LNPs were added to the media to a final concentration of 10 nM anti-firefly luciferase siRNA and sterile filtered using a 0.45 µm PVDF filter. Per well, a total 1 pmol

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• distributions indicative of p-i-n junctions in all devices, with a lower CPD on the ETL side where the electrons accumulate under bias. Subtracting the first measurement from the second, we filter out all information from the data that does not pertain to potential changes due to charge separation and