Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• was slowly added into 20 mL of tert-butanol (Merck-Millipore) and mixed with an ultrasonic cleaner (Creworks Co., Ltd.) at 40 kHz for 1 min. The mixed solution was filtered by suction filtration using a 0.2 μm filter membrane (Merck KGaA). The filtered solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm (Kubota Co

• nanocrystals were scanned in continuous mode from 5–40° (2θ) with a step size of 0.02° on a spinning stage at 40 kV and 40 mA with Cu Kα radiation. The incident beam path was equipped with a 0.2 mm divergence slit and a 0.02 mm air scattering screen. The diffracted beam was equipped with Ni-filter. The

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• implemented definition. The new software package does not support the previously used watershed transform; instead, a morphological shape separator must be used. The better image quality allows one to reduce the size of the rank filter for noise reduction from five to two pixels. The differences are

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• for about 2 h. Afterwards, 100 μL of the synthesis mixture was filtered through 100 kDa MWCO Amicon centrifugal filter units to remove excess staple strands. This was done three times, each time adding 400 μL of FOB, at a relative centrifugal force of 4000g for 4 min. The filters were then flipped and

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• incubation time. The peroxidase-like activity of the aptasensor was ultimately demonstrated in the presence of TMB and H2O2. Paper-based device Whatman filter paper No. 1 is considered as an appropriate paper for paper-based analysis. A PVC sheet was affixed to the back of each paper to prevent solution

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• , Scopus, and Web of Science databases. These searches were conducted from March 31st, 2022, to March 31st, 2023, using the following search keywords: (nano* OR encapsul*) AND (treatment OR therap* OR activity OR chemotherapy) AND schistosomiasis. After obtaining the list of papers, a filter by type of

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• solution to obtain a 20 mg/mL suspension of BSA/PDA NPs. This suspension was filtered in a microbiological safety cabinet with a 0.20 µm filter to eliminate possible contaminations and diluted in 9 mg/mL NaCl solution to prepare suspensions with NP concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/mL. Finally, 10

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• moves over the corner edges. To achieve an accurate estimation of the radius, a reconstruction method for the tip scan profile has been developed by fitting the measured points to the morphological filter surface of the characterizer [13]. Yet, this reconstruction technique may not be applicable for

• mode with very light loading (0.01 nN) to prevent the tips from wear. The noise effect was not considered here, because the measurement was conducted inside the hood of a MFP-3D Origin (Asylum Research) with noise filter system. Considering the geometry of the nanostructure and the scanline signal

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• spectroscopic images displayed in this figure have been treated by applying a Gaussian smooth filter. The raw data are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8, they display the same features, but with a higher noise level. Remember also that the reference phase (Φ0) is now measured for each pixel

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• . Condenser: ALFA LAVAL AC-30EQ-20H-F plate heat exchanger. 3. Expansion valve: DANFOSS ETS 6 electronic valve. 4. Evaporator: ALFA LAVAL AC-70X-20M-F plate heat exchanger. 5. Shut-off valve: DANFOSS GBC manual valve. 6. Filter-drier: DANFOSS DML device. 7. Sight glass: DANFOSS SGP device. The a) FE-SEM

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• results from the validation sets. Feature selection with random forest The goal of feature selection techniques is to find the best set of features that allows one to build optimized models. Feature selection using RF is an embedded method. Embedded methods combine the benefits of filter and wrapper

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• filter and a 50 Hz notch filter, respectively, after which the processed heart sound signal waveform was displayed on the front panel. The band-pass filter of the acquisition system is an eigth-order ellipse filter, while the notch filter is a third-order Butterworth filter. The program also features the

• -pass filter and 50 Hz notch filter were generated using MATLAB's built-in “fdatool” tool, both of which use a third-order Butterworth filter. Since the amplitude of heart sound signals varies greatly due to the different devices used for collecting heart sound database data, the Z-Score function in

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• were captured using a Jeol-1200 EX II-TEM microscope (Jeol, MA, USA). A drop (10 µL) of the nanoparticle dispersion previously diluted (1:10) with ultrapure water was spread onto a collodion-coated Cu grid (400 mesh). Excess liquid was drained with filter paper. A drop of phosphotungstic acid was added

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• biological systems. Ceria has been considered a possible UV filter in sunscreens [2][42]. Oxygen defects in the crystal lattice of ceria can presumably be altered by UV irradiation causing a redox switching of the cerium atoms between Ce3+ and Ce4+. This could explain the observance of a blue shift of the

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• modifications. Glucose (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL DI water and filtered for the removal of undissolved particles through Whatman filter paper. In the above solution, 20 mL of conc. H2SO4 was added dropwise until it turned brownish under constant stirring. The hydrothermal treatment was conducted by heating

• collected after centrifugation. To obtain the GQDs, the final black suspension was filtered through a 0.22 µm syringe filter. Fabrication of the electrochemical sensor A mirror-like surface was first achieved on the bare GCE by polishing it with 0.3 and 0.05 μm alumina powder. In the next step the GCE was

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• limit of detection for SMZ is 0.655 μM, and the Ln-MOF luminescence is strongly quenched, with a quenching constant of 4.60 × 104 M−1. They proposed two potential mechanisms for quenching (inner-filter effect and electron transfer). The overlap between the antibiotic’s absorption spectrum and the Ln

• -MOF’s excitation/emission spectrum is thought to be the cause of the inner-filter effect, as shown in Figure 7. The second process was linked to an electron transfer from the L-MOF’s conduction band to the antibiotic’s lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. In a related study, Zhang et al. [43

• fluorescence quenching behaviour, and it was found that there were distinct overlaps between the analyte’s emission bands and the MOFs’ emission band at 322 nm. The FRET mechanism was therefore thought to be key in detecting these analytes. Inner filter effect (IFE): The IFE was formerly thought of as a

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• , see [12][13]). Even though most crustaceans are primarily raptorial, suspension feeding plays an important role. In general, multiple pairs of appendages generate the feeding current, and the particles are captured by plumate “filter setae”, which cover the trunk and head appendages. These setae have

• chose the copepod Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg, 1853). This species belongs to the Calanoida, where filter feeding is the derived condition [19][20][29][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. For this species (Figure 1), previous confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies on the

• a basis to unravel the interplay between the feeding structures of suspension feeders, the preferred food, and the gathering performance. Additionally, it could open new avenues in the development of new filtration technologies (e.g., mucus-like filter media or bioinspired membranes) that use

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• along the z direction was applied as the source. Perfectly matched layers are used at all boundaries of the simulation region. The mode patterns are captured by adding a field monitor at the middle plane of the structure. An apodization window is utilized in the monitor to filter out the incident power

• polarization-dependent beam splitter (PBS) is added, not only to combine incident and reflection light, but also to filter out the co-polarization component with the incident light. Only the scattering light possessing both polarization components can partially pass the PBS and be detected by the spectrometer

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• microscopy Observations of the legs of dry adults were performed using a fluorescence microscope Zeiss Axiophot (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with an excitation filter 365 nm, chromatic beam splitter FT 395 nm, emission 397 nm, with an excitation filter 450–490 nm, chromatic beam splitter FT 510 nm, emission 520 nm

• , and with an excitation filter 546 nm, chromatic beam splitter FT 580 nm, emission 590 nm. Insect legs were removed from the insects and placed on a microscope slide for observations. Scanning electron microscopy and cryo-SEM Dry insects were observed in a scanning electron microscope Hitachi S-4800

• , Florida, USA). Further spectral processing was performed in Matlab 7.10 (The MathWorks, Natick, NA, USA) and includes dark noise subtraction and smoothing with a Savitzky–Golay filter of fourth order with 12 nm window. All spectra were normalized to the WS1 standard (Ocean Insight, Ostfildern, Germany

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• functions of the membranes. As already described, DPP has been used as the PTM for SSG devices [27]. Microcrystalline solids of DPP molecules were formed in a solution and they were deposited on a filter paper by filtration. The filter papers with the deposited DPP derivatives were employed as photothermal

• films. Optical microscopy was employed to observe the surface structure of the films (Figure 10a–d). Figure 10a shows the filter paper. In the photothermal films, the filter paper is the supporting layer. The filter paper is indeed suitable for this purpose because the cellulose fibers are randomly

• hydrophobic. The contact angle measurements revealed that the contact angles of the filter paper coated with DPP-H, DPP-DCV, and DPP-INCN were 123.9°, 113.4°, and 131.8°, respectively. In contrast, the contact angle of the bare filter paper remained at approx. 0°. These results suggest that coating the DPP

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• 0.22 µm syringe filter (Sartorius, NY). The resulting Ch-Ag NPs were kept in a refrigerator at 4 °C in the dark for further use. Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs) were also synthesized following the above procedure. In

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• observed using a custom-made detector unit (interference filter, Ge diode). The resulting signal was an average of 2000 traces, and it was calculated as the difference between the luminescence of individual samples in oxygen atmosphere and vacuum. The resulting luminescence traces were fitted by a single

• ). After 48 h of treatment, the cells were washed in PBS and visualized using an Olympus BX51 fluorescence microscope with a Spectrum Aqua filter. All images were captured using a 20× objective and analyzed with Cytovision 3.1 software (Applied Imaging Corporation). (a) Top-view AFM image of neat PU and (b

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• characteristics of each lead electrode separately. To measure differential characteristics dI/dV(V), modulation technique and phase-sensitive lock-in detection were used. To suppress the negative effect of stray electromagnetic pickups, a multistage RLC filter system was used [17]. While R(T) measurements at

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• filter cutting at 380 nm. Results and Discussion Characterizations of materials Figure 1a displays the morphology of TNAs, which have a uniform distribution of nanotubes with average diameters ranging from 80–100 nm and a length of 500 nm (Figure 1b). The MoS2 material exhibits the stacked layers of 2D

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• the reaction, 2 mL samples were collected from the reactor at regular time intervals (from the first to the tenth minute, every 2 min, then every 10 min up to 1 h), then filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter. The organic compound concentrations were evaluated by using HPLC. Ozonolysis of phenols

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• weighed and put into a coffee filter. Subsequently, an infusion was made with 1 L of distilled water in a Oster® brand coffee maker. The solution obtained was vacuum filtered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 50 °C, 250 rpm, and 42 mbar. Biosynthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles Quantification of

• before drying to be characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. Characterization X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained in a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer, at 30 mA and 40 kV, with a Ni filter and a Cu Kα radiation generator. Diffraction patterns were acquired at a scan rate of 1 °/min from 10 to 90