Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• very little penetration into everyday public life. This stark gap highlights a sobering reality: Even after decades of research and good funding, the real-world integration and due consumption of nanomaterials are still minimal. When we compare the return on investment and impact with other

• commercialization of these advancements. As a result, only a few companies are currently utilizing the potential of nanomaterials by training their workforce accordingly (Table 1). To overcome this gap, we need globally structured and domain-specific educational programs in nanoengineering, starting from secondary

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• application of nanomaterials for microplastic removal is elaborated in detail, and case studies validated their effectiveness, especially in cold environments with strong UV irradiation. In the face of increasing worldwide research into microplastic contamination, there remains a huge knowledge gap concerning

• spring water and fish highlights potential exposure. This gap underscores the urgent need for region-specific health monitoring and food safety assessments. Recent studies report the identification of MPs in bottled and mountain spring-collected tap water samples and their bioaccumulation in the human

• another important knowledge gap since toxicity mechanisms, exposure routes, and long-term risks are still not well established. It should be directed towards understanding ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, as well as to MP ability to act as a vector of toxic chemicals and microorganisms

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• Stone–Wales defect opens a direct bandgap of 0.06 eV and an indirect bandgap of 0.05 eV. In h-BN, the Stone–Wales defect leads to defect levels within the bandgap and narrows the direct gap to 3.31 eV and the indirect gap to 3.11 eV, which is in line with reported theoretical results [33]. Figure 3

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• surface tension [13]. Rheological analysis The rheological behavior of the ME formulations was evaluated using an MCR-302 rheometer (Anton Paar) equipped with a cone-plate geometry (50 mm diameter, 1° angle, and 96 µm gap). Samples were subjected to a shear rate ranging from 0.1 to 100 s−1 at both room

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• , theoretical methods have helped to gain deeper insights, but there is still a gap in experimental data. Different experimental methods are used to investigate transport in porous media. Chromatography itself has to be counted as one method that delivers information about the macroscopic properties of a

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• critical gap persists in thoroughly understanding the complex polymer–lipid interactions, particularly in systems designed for the simultaneous co-encapsulation of compounds with vastly different physicochemical properties, such as hydrophilic HA and lipophilic βCp. An in-depth understanding of these

• engineered for hyaluronic acid and βCp co-delivery. The insights gained from this investigation are crucial for bridging this specific knowledge gap and may guide the design of optimized hybrid therapeutic platforms. Results and Discussion This study aimed to develop and investigate PLA nanofibers

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• characterization of the adhesive system of S. alveolata through the ultrastructural and chemical characterization of the two types of adhesive cells and the cement they produce, as well as the identification of new adhesive protein candidates. Another goal is to address the gap in knowledge about adhesive protein

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• achieved. Despite recent advances, there is still a gap in understanding the routes for shape control of the forming nanomaterials hindered by the limited information about the mechanisms of laser ablation process in liquids. The demand for anisotropic nanomaterials is growing, associated with the rapid

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• contact. When tunneling from a normal metal into a superconductor, due to the presence of an energy gap (Δ), only electrons whose energy exceeds Δ can tunnel into the superconductor. Without applying an external voltage or in the case when eV < Δ (T = 0), tunneling does not occur. Accordingly, a tunnel

• the energy gap of the superconductor and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The differential resistance is expressed by the following formula: It should also be noted that, in addition to the tunnel current in NIS structures, the presence of a subgap (Andreev) current caused by the Andreev reflection

• external noise and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, the NIS junctions are connected in series arrays (Figure 3). The temperature dependency of the resistance ratio for aluminum SIN junctions is shown in Figure 4. Electron coolers The tunneling current, when biased near the energy gap, carries hot

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• conducted exclusively in vitro experiments, with no progression to in vivo experimentation in 53.7% (n = 53) of cases. Moreover, 47.8% (n = 45) lacked cytotoxicity assessments or evaluations in human cells. This gap raises important concerns regarding the long-term biocompatibility, biodistribution, and

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• the use of XPS in reactive environments. Ambient pressure XPS (APXPS) with soft X-rays addresses this limitation by enabling surface chemical analysis at pressures up to the millibar range, bridging the gap that restricts conventional XPS to UHV. This allows for in situ and operando investigations of

• as HfO2, which allows for the creation of much smaller gate sizes. Another suggested change is to substitute the silicon channels with a III–V semiconductor material such as InAs, which, among other properties, has a narrower band gap [62]. However, one challenge to overcome with the InAs/HfO2

• spectrometry will enable a more holistic understanding of structure–function relationships at working interfaces. Additionally, the development of correlated, spatially resolved measurements, potentially via photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) or scanning probe methods, could further bridge the gap

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• experiments, where everyone deals with the weak coupling regime when g/2π ≈ 10 MHz and γ/2π ≈ −100 MHz. Devoret et al. [49] showed that the coupling of the JJ system with the resonator can be significantly enhanced by placing it in the gap of the central conductor of the coplanar waveguide. In this case, the

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• -bandgap bioresorbable semiconductors based on magnesium–silicon alloys, such as Mg2Si, could be promising candidates to fill this gap (Figure 2a) [49][50]. However, further exploration is needed to discover and engineer additional semiconducting materials, including a broader range of silicon- or

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• empirical relationship based on the gap distance between the blade and the substrate, g, and c, the concentration of solid material in the ink in grams per cubic centimeter, and the density of the material, ρ in grams per cubic centimeter [112]: Thin films of ZnO and Ag/Au–ZnO hybrid nanomaterials were

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• multifunctionality presents a promising approach for mitigation. Nonetheless, further research is required to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale studies and real-world applications, ensuring technological feasibility, economic viability, and alignment with future regulatory frameworks. Conclusion and Future

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• therapy and is closely linked to alterations in cancer metabolism [2][3][4]. Changed metabolic pathways allow cancer cells to grow faster than usual, adapt to restricted nutrient conditions, and develop drug resistance [3]. There is still a gap in the efficacy of various cancer therapies despite numerous

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• -organization [33] to second harmonic generation [11] and cavitation instability [23][50][51]. Despite numerous studies, the formation mechanism of HSFL and the reason for their shorter periodicity compared to the laser wavelength remain elusive. Our previous work addressed this gap by patterning a single line

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• absorption still measurable up to about 650 nm. This sub-bandgap absorption occurs because of the creation of mid-gap states, mainly caused by missing oxygen atoms and structural issues that arise during high-current electrodeposition or when using higher amounts of the VO(acac)2 precursor. The redshifted

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• applications. This discussion delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by biomimetic nanoparticles and offers a comprehensive exploration of their fundamentals and recent breakthroughs, with an eye towards clinical translation. By bridging the gap between scientific innovation and clinical

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• highly toxic chemical warfare agent, remains an area with untapped potential. Addressing this gap, the present work constructs an armchair ZnS NT to investigate its adsorption configurations, charge transfer, band structure, density of states, optical absorption, and optical conductivity using a density

• , the most significant variation in the energy gap is observed for orientation A. Consequently, the conductivity of ZnS NT exhibits a significant variation, demonstrating its suitability for sensing applications. The sensitivity of the sensor is defined in terms of the change in the bandgap [61] by

• between the valence and conduction bands, reflecting the fundamental optical properties of the material. Furthermore, the absence of significant absorption in the visible region (>400 nm) underscores the lack of mid-gap states in pristine ZnS NTs. Such optical characteristics align with previous reports

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• improved thermal stability, crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and electrical conductivity (not investigated in this work), a significant gap remains regarding tribological performance, surface activity, and rheological responses under varying loads and temperatures. This study demonstrates that the

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• dynamics across multiscale time domains remains elusive. Multiplexing probes, such as the combination of imaging and crystal diffraction, have advanced the understanding of complex phenomena by narrowing the gap between theory and observation (Figure 3) [80][81]. In an experiment combining single-particle

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• eV corresponding to a second absolute gap in the diamond band structure [38]. In the TEY spectra of both PCD and Ni-PCD films, the aforementioned spectral features are well pronounced, indicating the preservation of the ordered crystalline structure of diamond in the bulk of the film after annealing

• spectra display the characteristic features of sp3-hybridized carbon, namely, the σ*(sp3)-resonance at 289.3 eV and the second gap at 302.3 eV, as well as the π*(sp2)- and σ*(sp2)-resonances at 285.3 and 291.4 eV of the sp2-hybridized carbon. In the spectrum of the Ni-SCD face, the π*(sp2)- and σ*(sp2

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• [35], the p-type nature of FeS2 was identified. Based on this, an n-type Si (n-Si) substrate was chosen to achieve the photodiode structure. Well cleaned n-type silicon substrates were used as the anode and the cathode in the EPD setup. With a 4.5 mm gap between them, the electrodes were positioned