Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• fibers and tracheids across multiple species are lacking. This knowledge gap has limited our understanding of the fine structural details and variations in tracheid/fiber morphology. Therefore, we compared the morphological differences between the fibers of hardwood and tracheids of softwood of five wood

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• the molecular assembly governs birefringence in PAZO remains incomplete, leaving open questions about the fundamental mechanisms driving the observed photoresponsive behavior. This knowledge gap serves as the primary motivation for the present study. Here, we investigate the optical properties of PAZO

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• which input variables most strongly influence the output of a model. Adopting XAI frameworks also presents an opportunity to refine model architectures by ensuring they align more closely with known mechanistic or toxicological pathways, thereby bridging the gap between computational insights and domain

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• investigations were performed as described in Appendix A. Numerical simulations were carried out assuming a truncated superconducting screen with a gap between the structure and the screen edge of 50 μm. Thus, the screen size (225…170 μm × 243…177 μm) was larger compared to test C-shaped SQUIDs, which led to an

• for the purpose of simulation. The relevant parameter here is the gap (see Figure 2c) between the structure and the screen edge. Figure 11 shows the dependence of the simulated inductance of the test SQUID (see Figure 2b) on the gap parameter. The structure size was 64 μm × 26 μm; so the screen size

• varied from 74 μm × 36 μm to 264 μm × 226 μm. The obtained values of the self- and mutual inductance were normalized to the experimentally measured ones. It can be seen that for gap ≤ 50 μm, the deviation of the simulation results from the experimental values is only about 1–2% for ah = 1 μm and ahb

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• type-I (κ < κ0) and type-II (κ > κ0) behavior [4]. However, experimental studies have shown that this traditional dichotomy is incomplete even for superconductors with a single gap function (single-band superconductors). In materials with κGL close to κ0, the magnetic flux penetrates the sample in

• beyond simple pairwise interactions and decisively shape IMS vortex configurations [26][27]. Despite the long-standing experimental evidence and theoretical efforts, IT superconductivity remains insufficiently explored. This gap arises from the limitations of perturbative approaches, which are strictly

• superconducting state is determined by solving the BdG equations [1][29]: where ui and vi are the particle and hole components of the quasiparticle wave function, and μ is the chemical potential. The superconducting gap Δi and Hartree–Fock potential Ui are obtained self-consistently from where n labels the BdG

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• energy gap between thermally coupled levels [42]. In our results, these effects are minimized, as the FIR calibration exhibits a consistent and linear temperature dependence over the 25–33 °C range, with no significant deviations from the expected response. This suggests that our UCNP system provides

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• junctions have ultimate characteristics unreachable to devices based on other principles [1][2][3]. The unique nonlinearity of the current–voltage characteristic (IVC) near the gap voltage of the junction enables the gain of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal after mixing with the radiation from the

• atmosphere gas components at the TELIS mission on board of the stratospheric balloon [17]. However, the LO based on FFO has some problems yet to be solved. The operation frequency of the FFO is limited by the gap frequency of the superconducting niobium that forms one or both of its electrodes [18

• ratio Rj/Rn over 20, where Rj and Rn are the resistance of the SIS junction below and above the gap voltage Vg, respectively [20]. A high tunnel current density is crucial for the RF and IF bandwidth of the mixer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the FFO based on Nb alloys has not been developed

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• to it. This phenomenon, known as the proximity effect, enables normal material to support supercurrents and to exhibit a reduced density of states near the Fermi level, where a gap opens in the single-particle spectrum as electrons form into Cooper pairs [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, unpaired

• the density of states (DOS) at low energies in the NM, that is, the proximity gap, induced by its proximity to the SC. The magnitude of the gap depends on the curvature parameter η. The proximity gap sets the lowest quasiparticle excitation energy scale in the NM region, crucial for coherence and

• stability of superconducting hybrid devices. For NS junctions with large positive curvature, that is, for quasi-low-dimensional structures, a robust proximity gap emerges, persisting over extended distances because of enhanced superconducting correlations. However, real systems often exhibit a soft gap in

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• very little penetration into everyday public life. This stark gap highlights a sobering reality: Even after decades of research and good funding, the real-world integration and due consumption of nanomaterials are still minimal. When we compare the return on investment and impact with other

• commercialization of these advancements. As a result, only a few companies are currently utilizing the potential of nanomaterials by training their workforce accordingly (Table 1). To overcome this gap, we need globally structured and domain-specific educational programs in nanoengineering, starting from secondary

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• application of nanomaterials for microplastic removal is elaborated in detail, and case studies validated their effectiveness, especially in cold environments with strong UV irradiation. In the face of increasing worldwide research into microplastic contamination, there remains a huge knowledge gap concerning

• spring water and fish highlights potential exposure. This gap underscores the urgent need for region-specific health monitoring and food safety assessments. Recent studies report the identification of MPs in bottled and mountain spring-collected tap water samples and their bioaccumulation in the human

• another important knowledge gap since toxicity mechanisms, exposure routes, and long-term risks are still not well established. It should be directed towards understanding ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, as well as to MP ability to act as a vector of toxic chemicals and microorganisms

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• Stone–Wales defect opens a direct bandgap of 0.06 eV and an indirect bandgap of 0.05 eV. In h-BN, the Stone–Wales defect leads to defect levels within the bandgap and narrows the direct gap to 3.31 eV and the indirect gap to 3.11 eV, which is in line with reported theoretical results [33]. Figure 3

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• surface tension [13]. Rheological analysis The rheological behavior of the ME formulations was evaluated using an MCR-302 rheometer (Anton Paar) equipped with a cone-plate geometry (50 mm diameter, 1° angle, and 96 µm gap). Samples were subjected to a shear rate ranging from 0.1 to 100 s−1 at both room

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• , theoretical methods have helped to gain deeper insights, but there is still a gap in experimental data. Different experimental methods are used to investigate transport in porous media. Chromatography itself has to be counted as one method that delivers information about the macroscopic properties of a

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• critical gap persists in thoroughly understanding the complex polymer–lipid interactions, particularly in systems designed for the simultaneous co-encapsulation of compounds with vastly different physicochemical properties, such as hydrophilic HA and lipophilic βCp. An in-depth understanding of these

• engineered for hyaluronic acid and βCp co-delivery. The insights gained from this investigation are crucial for bridging this specific knowledge gap and may guide the design of optimized hybrid therapeutic platforms. Results and Discussion This study aimed to develop and investigate PLA nanofibers

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• characterization of the adhesive system of S. alveolata through the ultrastructural and chemical characterization of the two types of adhesive cells and the cement they produce, as well as the identification of new adhesive protein candidates. Another goal is to address the gap in knowledge about adhesive protein

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• achieved. Despite recent advances, there is still a gap in understanding the routes for shape control of the forming nanomaterials hindered by the limited information about the mechanisms of laser ablation process in liquids. The demand for anisotropic nanomaterials is growing, associated with the rapid

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• contact. When tunneling from a normal metal into a superconductor, due to the presence of an energy gap (Δ), only electrons whose energy exceeds Δ can tunnel into the superconductor. Without applying an external voltage or in the case when eV < Δ (T = 0), tunneling does not occur. Accordingly, a tunnel

• the energy gap of the superconductor and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The differential resistance is expressed by the following formula: It should also be noted that, in addition to the tunnel current in NIS structures, the presence of a subgap (Andreev) current caused by the Andreev reflection

• external noise and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, the NIS junctions are connected in series arrays (Figure 3). The temperature dependency of the resistance ratio for aluminum SIN junctions is shown in Figure 4. Electron coolers The tunneling current, when biased near the energy gap, carries hot

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• conducted exclusively in vitro experiments, with no progression to in vivo experimentation in 53.7% (n = 53) of cases. Moreover, 47.8% (n = 45) lacked cytotoxicity assessments or evaluations in human cells. This gap raises important concerns regarding the long-term biocompatibility, biodistribution, and

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• the use of XPS in reactive environments. Ambient pressure XPS (APXPS) with soft X-rays addresses this limitation by enabling surface chemical analysis at pressures up to the millibar range, bridging the gap that restricts conventional XPS to UHV. This allows for in situ and operando investigations of

• as HfO2, which allows for the creation of much smaller gate sizes. Another suggested change is to substitute the silicon channels with a III–V semiconductor material such as InAs, which, among other properties, has a narrower band gap [62]. However, one challenge to overcome with the InAs/HfO2

• spectrometry will enable a more holistic understanding of structure–function relationships at working interfaces. Additionally, the development of correlated, spatially resolved measurements, potentially via photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) or scanning probe methods, could further bridge the gap

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• experiments, where everyone deals with the weak coupling regime when g/2π ≈ 10 MHz and γ/2π ≈ −100 MHz. Devoret et al. [49] showed that the coupling of the JJ system with the resonator can be significantly enhanced by placing it in the gap of the central conductor of the coplanar waveguide. In this case, the

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• -bandgap bioresorbable semiconductors based on magnesium–silicon alloys, such as Mg2Si, could be promising candidates to fill this gap (Figure 2a) [49][50]. However, further exploration is needed to discover and engineer additional semiconducting materials, including a broader range of silicon- or

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• empirical relationship based on the gap distance between the blade and the substrate, g, and c, the concentration of solid material in the ink in grams per cubic centimeter, and the density of the material, ρ in grams per cubic centimeter [112]: Thin films of ZnO and Ag/Au–ZnO hybrid nanomaterials were