Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• due to the preparation process, which involves cross-linking of amino acid residues in proteins by glutaraldehyde (GA). As shown in Figure 3B, HSA retained its secondary structure, while both HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs lost their peptide bonds and secondary structure. The lack of secondary structure of

• ), manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate anhydrous (Na2CO3) and glutaraldehyde (GA, 25% solution in water) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• % solution was purchased from PAN-Biotech GmbH, Aidenbach, Germany. Manganese chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium borohydride, sodium carbonate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutaraldehyde solution, grade II, 25% in H2O, as well as Triton™ X-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany

• with the particles for 5 min. After washing in 0.9% NaCl solution, particles were centrifuged (3000g, 3 min), and the supernatant was decanted. Particles were then resuspended in 0.9% NaCl. For crosslinking, 0.02% glutaraldehyde (GA) was added to the particle suspension, which was then incubated for 1

• the case of our HbMPs containing human serum albumin, we assume that a conformational change within HSA might occur when the molecules are cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. Detection of this denatured protein by receptors of phagocytic cells would also be conceivable in this case to explain CD204’s part

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• properties of both black and white scales after introduction of a metal layer on top of the scales. Transmission electron microscopy In a similar manner to a procedure from [21], the tarsi and tibiae of Ae. albopictus were dissected from anaesthetized insects and fixed for 3 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• could be observed. For exactly controlling the crosslinking time, the crosslinking reaction was abruptly stopped by the addition of sodium metabisulfite neutralizing unbound glutaraldehyde. There is a linear correlation between crosslinking time and Young’s moduli of the particles, as evident from the

• have been crosslinked for a longer time. A glutaraldehyde incubation time of 0.5 h resulted in a crosslinking degree of 54.3%. Increasing the crosslinking time to 3 h raised the crosslinking degree to 73.8%. Approximately 70% crosslinked primary amine functionalities seem to be the maximum possible

• degree when crosslinking gelatin nanoparticles with glutaraldehyde. Data in Table 1 as well as previously published data by Khan et al. for 24 h of crosslinking support this conclusion [18]. The Young’s moduli of gelatin nanoparticles in dependency of the crosslinking time are displayed in Figure 2. It

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• room temperature. These colonies were then collected and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde/cacodylate for 1 h at room temperature. The sample was washed three times with bi-distilled water and centrifuged at 3.000 rpm for 5 min to remove free BBR NPs. The sediment of samples was divided into two parts: One

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• immersed into a 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution, placed at room temperature for 30 min, and then taken out to air dry. The slides were treated with dimethyldichlorosilane for 5 min, washed, and dried. Acrylamide (40%) and bis-acrylamide (2%, Sigma-Aldrich) were mixed in at a certain proportion, followed by

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• glutaraldehyde as well as freezing and desiccating them. The authors tested the differently treated samples by three-point-bending tests and found that all the treatments, except for freezing, significantly affect the elastic modulus of fresh locust tibial cuticle [9]. A recent study suggests that, in addition

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• of water, membrane adsorption has been found to be the most efficient. For example, a nanohybrid membrane of PVA/CS crosslinked with glutaraldehyde vapor and incorporated with SiO2 has been prepared by Hosseini and co-workers [76]. They investigated the removal of organic dyes and found that the

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• may not be detected by standard tests due to low concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate how these bacteria would behave in the fabrication process. Biocidal effects are known for glutaraldehyde and for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chemicals that are used in the fabrication process

• final particle suspensions. Therefore, we conclude that the HbMP fabrication procedure is safe in respect of bacterial contamination. Keywords: bacterial safety; EDTA; glutaraldehyde; hemoglobin; microparticles; Introduction Artificial oxygen carriers used as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes have

• product. The production process includes several washing steps that could contribute to the depletion of a potential bacterial load. Glutaraldehyde (GA) is used for the inter- and, to a certain extent, intramolecular cross-linking of the hemoglobin molecules at a concentration of 0.02% [20][21]. It is

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• ®-coated TEM grid, air-dried, and examined by TEM (PBS was used as control). In addition, liver tissues obtained from animals treated with PVP-AgNPs were prepared for TEM examination. The specimens were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M of PB, pH 7.4. After rinsing in the same buffer, the specimens

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• suspension at 37 °C in CO2 incubator for 4 h. 0.2% Triton X-100 was used as positive control and PBS was taken as negative control [41]. After incubation, 50 μL of 2.5% glutaraldehyde was added to the sample in order to stop the process of hemolysis and centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min. Hemoglobin release was

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• ) glutaraldehyde, 2% (w/v) paraformaldehyde in NaCac buffer at room temperature for 30 min. After fixation at room temperature, the samples were transferred to the normal laboratory area and then fixed at 4 °C with fresh fixatives. The coverslips were subsequently washed and dehydrated in a graded series of

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• applied as the first step during sample preparation to prevent or limit alterations to biological materials during sample drying. Chemical fixatives such as glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, or a combination of the two (Karnovsky’s solution) cross-link proteins and lipids to physically stabilise samples [60

• ]. Glutaraldehyde (2–2.5%) fixation is usually performed at cold temperature (4 °C) to avoid the formation of artifacts and is well suited for samples containing a high density of cells, such as biofilms. The length of the fixation time should be varied depending on the sample. Before fixation, specimens are also

• study published in the same year, Bazou et al. employed HIM to image human colon cancer cells (Caco2) [9]. The glutaraldehyde-fixed and freeze-dried cells were imaged by both HIM and SEM to enable the direct comparison between the two instruments. HIM analysis of gold-coated and uncoated samples showed

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• % eradication of airborne bacteria [90]. Magnetic reduced graphene oxide functionalized with glutaraldehyde was synthesized to capture and eradicate both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) strains under NIR light irradiation [91]. It was shown that a solution containing 80 ppm of the

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• formation of PAA/PAH capsules via EDC crosslinking (Figure 3c) [26]. Similarly, the post crosslinking of PEI/PAA microcapsules via glutaraldehyde (GA) chemistry also resulted in better stability over a wide pH range [53]. These capsules successfully encapsulated dextran (2000 KDa) molecules without any

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• . In one study, Jana and co-workers reported the design of fluorescent and plasmonic nanohybrids by covalent attachment of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) and Au nanorods. Further functionalization with glucose, using glutaraldehyde coupling chemistry, yielded nanohybrids that could subsequently be used

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• (vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 30,000–70,000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA), HSA, and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• ) was added to the nanoparticle suspension. Then, 920 μL of glutaraldehyde was added and the mixture was incubated for 15 min with constant stirring. After that, the reaction was stopped by adding a glycine solution in water (3 M, 1 mL, pH 9.2), followed by stirring for 1 h. Finally, a NaBH4 solution in

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• . Subsequently, the brains of the tumor-bearing mice were separated and the tumor tissue were removed and immersed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 h at 4 °C, followed by washing with PBS and the remaining steps as previously reported [27]. Primary safety evaluation of PNPs The cytotoxicity of PNPs against U87MG and

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• , Bruker, USA) operating in a PeakForce Tapping mode in air. The cells incubated with imprints for 15 minutes were washed with buffer; the precipitate was kept in glutaraldehyde (Sigma) for 1 hour, then washed with buffer and Milli-Q. Standard silicon nitride ScanAsyst-Air probes (Bruker) with resonance

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• prepared by desolvation as previously described [13][14][15][16][17]. The nanoparticles were stabilised by the cross-linking of free amino groups present in albumin. Three different nanoparticle preparations were produced using glutaraldehyde at amounts that corresponded to a theoretical cross-linking of

• . HSA (0%) nanoparticles displayed a large particle size of almost 1 µm and a high polydispersity of 0.5, confirming that no stable nanoparticles had formed (Table 1). The three HSA nanoparticle preparations stabilised by the different glutaraldehyde concentrations displayed similar diameters between

• doxorubicin (UKF-NB-3rDOX20) and vincristine (UKF-NB-3rVCR1), which both display ABCB1 activity and resistance to doxorubicin. The HSA nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation and stabilised by glutaraldehyde, which crosslinks amino groups present in albumin molecules [13][14][15][16][17]. Glutaraldehyde

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• microstructure of the setal bases. The hemelytra were cut into several pieces. The pieces were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1.5% osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer (380 mOsmol, pH 7.1). After dehydrating in ethanol, the pieces were embedded in Epon 812 via epoxy propane as an intermedium. The clavus and

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• followed by incubation at an IC50 concentration of CaP@5-FU NPs for around 24 h. The treated cells were later washed with PBS and processed with glutaraldehyde fixation along with a gradient (30%, 50%, 70%) ethanol fixation. In control cells, CaP@5-FU NPs were not added in order to compare the difference

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• voluntary detachment, the footprints were rinsed with MilliQ water to prevent the formation of salt crystals. Some of them were stained with a 0.05% (w/v) crystal violet solution in deionised water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) For TEM, whole tube feet were fixed by immersion in 3% glutaraldehyde

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• properties of the films [20]. Citric acid was chosen as the crosslinking agent as, in comparison with the widely used method of crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, it is a non-toxic compound approved as a food additive, thus providing a green crosslinking route [20][25]. GNSs were synthesized via a seed-growth