Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• shutdowns [17][18][19][20]) and of the facilities for subsequent processing of iron and steel. This results in huge energy losses and economic cost due to additional heating and idle running of the periphery of the blast furnace. To find prospects to reduce such losses, the Betriebsforschungsinstitut at

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• environmentally friendly solvothermal method by the reduction of Na2TeO3 and passivation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), as reported elsewhere [15]. The procedure described by Wu et al. [15] for the synthesis of Te NWs was followed, with the modification of increasing the autoclave heating to 200 °C. All

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• burgundy to colorless. The reaction system did not change in color (it still appeared burgundy) after sufficient washing and heating, and no signal was detected by mass spectrometry (m/z 693). This indicates that the specificity of the colloidal gold nanoprobe is high enough to distinguish a target with

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• , thus, a potential heating effect. It also maximizes the intensity of the light reflected back from the fiber-end/cantilever assembly to the measurement photodiode, which leads to about 50 μW on the measurement photodiode, which is part of a 10 MHz bandwidth current-to-voltage converter. The

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• microscopy (HR-TEM) on a JEOL JEM-2100. The thermal decomposition of zinc resinate to form ZnO NPs were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves using thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC131, LABSYS TG/DSC1600, TMv), by heating up to 1000 °C at a heating rate

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• contrast, provides homogenous and effective heating and speed up the reaction to merely a few minutes. Hence, this approach is considered the fastest and simplest amongst the synthesis methodologies and has become widely used. The fluorescence emissions of CDs are usually blue and green (i.e., in the low

• showed a direct relationship between PL intensity and heating temperature and time. These CDs had good green emission. The maximum emission wavelength clearly depends on the excitation wavelength at low temperatures. However, at high hydrothermal temperature, the luminous peak was almost completely

• categorized into three groups based on the distinct doped atoms: nitrogen, nitrogen/sulfur, and nitrogen/phosphorus. Hydrothermal treatment as well as pyrolysis, microwave heating, and acid oxidation have been extensively used to synthesize the heteroatom-doped CDs. Nitrogen-doped CDs have been found to have

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• of CTC. Materials and Methods Preparation of photocatalysts The preparation of Bi2O3. Briefly, 5 g of Bi (NO3)3·5H2O was added into a crucible, then heated to 520 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min, and maintained for 2 h. Next, it was naturally cooled to room temperature and the resulting yellow bulks

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• surface layer of twinned B19’ martensite being pulled up along the growth of the nanodot. After heating the Ni40Ti60 surface to 100 °C, where the shape memory effect is expected to be activated due to the phase transition from B19’ martensite to B2 austenite, the surface surrounding the nanodot was found

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• the amount of wax to be evaporated. Here, three different amounts of wax (small amount: 700 µg, medium amount: 1400 µg, and large amount: 2800 µg) were placed on the heating plate heated up to 200 °C and evaporated to obtain different wettabilities of the samples. The distance between the heating

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• solves the equations of the stationary CEB theory [16]. We use the approach based on solving the heat balance equation [7]: where PN is Joule heating in the absorber. is the heat flux between electron and phonon subsystems, taken with the sixth power [17] due to low electron temperature in our

• , and the coefficient β shows how much of PS comes back to the absorber. PA = IAV is the power due to Andreev heating current, V is the voltage drop across the NIS junction, and Pleak = V2/Rleak is the power associated with the leakage current. The quasi-particle tunneling current is written as: where V

• of the tunnel barrier (larger resistance) and the corresponding decrease of the single-particle current, which withdraws hot electrons from the absorber. However, due to the lower Andreev heating current, which, when flowing through the normal metal absorber, leads to residual heating and, thus

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy is smaller than its free surface energy by a factor of two (for SiOx) to eight (for PtSi). Any significant oxide growth upon heating studied was not detected here, and the measured interfacial energies strongly depend on the chemistry of the asperities. We also observe a weak

• -/nanotechnology. The surface chemical composition of the liquid alloy was measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy before and after heating to 100 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, we imaged the nanoscopic asperities after measurements on the metallic liquid alloy by SEM to evidence possible liquid residues. For all

• asperities used in this work, we find that the interfacial tension of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy is smaller than its free surface energy by a factor of two (for SiOx) to eight (for PtSi). While we did not observe any significant oxide growth upon heating, the measured interfacial energies strongly

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• assembled vaccine particles showed improved immunogenicity. Moreover, the activity of the encapsulated OVA and CpG was maintained under enzyme incubation, heating treatment (60 °C for 12 h), or long-term storage (longer than six months) at 25 °C. The efficiency of this strategy encourages large-scale

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• deposited onto cellulose nanofiber templates by the surface sol−gel method according to a previous report (Figure 1a, Figure 1b) [31]. The as-prepared TiO2-gel/cellulose-fiber composite was calcined in air at 450 °C (heating rate: 1 °C/min) for 6 h to give the hierarchical structure of TiO2 nanotubes

• solvothermal reaction was conducted at 160 °C (heating rate: 5 °C/min) for 12 h, and the obtained powder sample was washed several times with ethanol and then dried at 37 °C in vacuum, yielding the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite (Figure 1f). Preparation of control materials In order to further investigate

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• poured into a 200 mL Teflon-lined autoclave for heating at 90 °C for 6 h. After the temperature naturally dropped down to room temperature, the ZnxCoy/CNT precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with methanol, and then dried at 80 °C. After carbonization at 900 °C for 6 h under Ar

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• prepared by heating at 70 °C while stirring the solution with a magnetic stirrer (IKA-Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Staufen, Germany). Microneedles were prepared via a two-layer centrifugation method, as shown in Figure 1. Briefly, 10 mg CIP and 9 g of aqueous 20% w/w PVA/60% w/w PVP (9:1 weight ratio) or 9 g of 20

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• electrode systems was manufactured as a flexible printed circuit board (DuPont Pyralux AP8535 with 75 µm thickness, double-sided, copper-clad laminate in an all-polyimide composite of polyimide film bonded to copper foil). It contains the heating elements and the temperature sensors for the temperature

• controlling of individual sensing layers. The heating element can also be used for the desorption of measured gases or heating slightly above the ambient temperature in order to reduce temperature fluctuation. The 18 µm thick Cu interdigitated electrodes were covered with a 12 µm thick gold layer to improve

• the corrosion resistance. The width and spacing of interdigitated electrodes are 100 µm. The heating element (surface-mounted device SMD0402 resistor with an electric resistance of 50 Ω) and a platinum temperature sensor (SMD0603 Pt1000) are placed on the bottom side of each sensor by soldering with

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• increasing the electrode gap [54]. Due to the high voltage and the rapid local heating caused by the electrostatic discharge, the burning and melting electrode material will also affect the life cycles of the switch. Using AC voltage can reduce the need for high-temperature resistance of the electrodes. The

• can generate voltages with the help of a single-chip microcomputer containing heating and cooling functions. When the voltage exceeds the PZT cantilever switch pull-in voltage, the switch will be closed to complete the actuator task. In 2020, the authors [100] prepared a high-voltage source with 1.03

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• vs the substrate. The target–substrate distance was 14 cm. The unbalanced magnetic configuration system was applied. Before the deposition process, the working chamber was pumped to a base pressure of 10−3 Pa. Thin films were sputtered without additional intentional heating of the substrates during

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• and lower hyperthermia efficiency [11]. Indeed, other researchers find that the temperature increase by magnetic hyperthermia is much lower than that of NIR-induced heating, presumably due to the coating layers needed for biological dispersion [12]. Yu et al. first discovered strong photothermal

• synthesized Fe3O4 NPCs was confirmed by the conserved DLS pattern of size distribution after five heating/cooling cycles with a NIR laser (Figure 1e). Altogether, our data confirmed the successful fabrication of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPCs that are spherical, uniformly sized and highly absorptive in the NIR

• ) Magnetic hysteresis curves of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as NPCs. The insert shows aggregation of NPCs dispersed in aqueous solution by a magnet. (d) DLS characterization of NPCs dispersed in cell culture medium. (e) DLS results of NPCs suspension after five heating/cooling cycles. Photothermal

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• attributed to thermally activated domain-wall motion. In another study, it has been demonstrated that ultrafast laser pulses can indeed move magnetic domain walls, which however could not simply be explained by thermal activation due to the transient heating by the laser pulse alone, but had to be attributed

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• into the substrate a bit more than without sliding. We speculate that this may be due to frictional heating, which slightly softens the surface. The indentation depth depends strongly on the load, as expected (Figure 6). At low normal force, the tip with a higher radius penetrates deeper due to

• local frictional heating leading to a change in mechanical properties of the polymer below the tip. In the case of the crumpled graphene sheet (Figure 12), the frictional curve is subject to more fluctuations. The calculation of the average frictional force taken between support displacements of 50 and

• the surface into a layered structure, indicating that the chains tend to align parallel to the surface. During sliding, the tip sinks slowly into the material. We speculate that this is related to frictional heating in the substrate. For the tip of 100 Å, the sliding delivers about 6 kBT/ps of power

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• from the plasma to the film during growth through heating of the substrate and/or via bombardment by energetic particles or post-deposition annealing of the film can be envisaged. More information on thin film deposition (onto solid substrates) by sputtering-based processes can be found in books such

• experimental data regarding the heating of the host liquid when the latter is submitted to a MS plasma [48]. The temperature of 4 mL of castor oil was recorded by inserting two thermocouples at two different positions inside the cup (3 cm in height and 1.25 cm in radius) containing the liquid, during the

• to sputter a 5 cm in diameter copper target. The liquid is placed 10 cm away from the target. The red arrow on the thermograms highlights the presence of a cross-over point when the temperature gradient is reversed during the cooling period (plasma OFF). The heating of the liquid as well as the

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• range 1–11 THz has been demonstrated for small Bi-2212 mesa structures [14]. The operation of Josephson emitters is limited by two primary obstacles: self-heating and impedance mismatch. Josephson devices stop operating when their temperature exceeds the superconducting critical temperature Tc. Self

• -heating in Bi-2212 mesa structures has been extensively studied [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Although Tc of Bi-2212 may be quite high, up to ≃95 K [28], self-heating is substantial due to the low heat conductance of superconductors. Self-heating limits the maximum bias voltage that

• can be reached without critical overheating of a mesa and, therefore, the maximum achievable frequency and emission power. Furthermore, as pointed out in [40], self-heating creates a general limitation for the maximal achievable emission power for any cryogenic device (not only superconducting

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• ethanol for 48 h on a roller bench with 175 rpm. After drying in ambient air at 70 °C the powder mixture was pressed with an uniaxial press in disc-shaped membranes with d = 20 mm. The discs were sintered with a heating rate of 5 K/min to 1200 °C and a dwell time of 5 h. At the sintering temperature, the