Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• of NiFe-PBA/PP-700 and NiFe-PBA/PP-900 (Figure 2b and Figure 2c) show that, after the sample was calcined at a high temperature, the cubic-shaped particles disappeared and were replaced with aggregated irregular particles formed on the surface of the carbon support material. Compared to the sample

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• junctions in high-temperature superconductors [11]. Although HIM is highly suitable for imaging and nanometer-scale patterning, there is a need of focused ion beams other than helium or neon with comparable properties. Alternative developments were made using laser-cooled magneto-optical trap ion sources

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• living organisms [70][71]. Moreover, the physical-based synthesis methods require expensive equipment, high temperature and high pressure, which makes it an unprofitable and unscalable method [10]. On the other hand, the chemical methods use and generate toxic chemicals that can cause dangerous effects

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• termination. Unfortunately, modern cryostats for low-temperature experiments do not have a cooling temperature stage corresponding to 77 K. Hence, the designed amplifiers are most applicable for the working temperature of liquid nitrogen, which is the main working temperature for high-temperature

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• are incompatible with PAN, such as polystyrene (PS), poly(ʟ-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [20][21][22][23]. During the carbonization process at a high temperature, PAN and the blended polymers undergo phase separation, forming a large number of pores which increases the

• square shape (e.g., 3 cm × 3 cm), put into a muffle furnace (KSY-D-16, Longkou Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., China), and submitted to a preoxidation step at 280 °C for 8 h under air at a heating rate of 1 °C·min−1. The high temperature during the oxidation process induced phase separation between PAN

• . Compared with DCGCNFs/OCGCNFs, the adsorption volume of OPCGCNFs was gradually increased, indicating that porosity also increased. It was evident that DIW became a pore-making agent in the high-temperature carbonization process. Upon the addition of DIW, heating and DIW evaporation, many mesoporous

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• . [28], but it is not suitable for other high-temperature sputtering processes. Microcantilevers based on SiO2 have been manufactured by Tang et al. [29] to enhance the sensitivity of cantilever sensors. Many authors use optical setups for microcantilevers. However, an optical output has several

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• result is radically different from the data obtained for graphene/SiO2 [33]. In addition, hBN monolayers exhibit a high temperature stability, a low dielectric constant (ε = 3–4), and a high thermal conductivity [34]. The band gap of hBN is about 5.9 eV [35]. Furthermore, which is also important, hBN is

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• , diffusion coefficient D = kBT/6πηa, and thermodiffusion coefficient DT = STD (here ST is the Soret coefficient) in a solvent of viscosity η we dynamically created high-temperature gradients. To limit diffusion of the particle, one has to create an appropriate temperature gradient ∇T to produce a

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• NPs were recently studied [66] and it was shown that heating the gold NPs at a very high temperature (800 °C) yielded NPs with a pentagonal symmetry [67]. In this work a very similar structure was obtained, as shown in Figure 3D; however, due to the presence of the dendrimers the NPs were obtained

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• in which freshly-spun alginate fibers containing magnetic nanoparticles were fixed with a magnetized conical tip and rotated around micropillars, acquiring a helical shape with three to four windings [47]. Non-scalable procedures, such as high-temperature synthesis, photolithography or the use of

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• layered high-temperature superconductors [27]. The significance of this effect depends on the ratio of thermal fluctuations kBT, the damping parameter α and the Josephson energy EJ. Here we will consider a small tunnel junction with the thermal noise intensity of γ = kBT/EJ ≥ 2 × 10−2 and α > 0.1, and

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• of films by spray pyrolysis occurs in a single technological step, while ten cycles are applied in spin coating, and the deposited film is annealed in the eleventh step. Apart from that, the deposition of films with spray pyrolysis is performed at a relatively high temperature of the substrate (400

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• ) and Fe (99.97% purity, ChemPur GmbH, Germany) were co-evaporated from the pre-calibrated high-temperature effusion cells to obtain the desired Pd1−xFex composition. Vanadium nitride layers were synthesized by using reactive DC magnetron sputtering (MS) in the UHV chamber with a base pressure of p ≤ 5

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• , obtained from temperature-dependent Raman measurements in the mode, was found to decrease at high temperature due to increased phonon-induced scattering events which eventually also reduces the exciton density in WSe2 [30]. In this present work, we studied the phonon lifetime, τ, and phonon concentration

• constrained by the substrate. However, the three-phonon anharmonic effect still presides in the low-T range for the A1g mode [26]. As a result of this the nonlinear perturbations were found to be persistent in the A1g mode even at high temperature. Additionally, the laser absorbance efficiency in WSe2 will

• bulk WSe2 samples. The effect of temperature on the broadening and red-shift of the direct-band excitonic A-peak in 1L WSe2 is shown in Figure 3e. At high temperature, the phonon concentration increases, and the phonon scattering results in the broadening of exciton radiation [56]. This increased

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• organic frameworks (MOF) with or without a nitrogen source [13][43][44]. An important step in these syntheses is high-temperature pyrolysis under inert atmosphere for a few hours. However, these methods often cannot control the nitrogen microstructure and composition. In contrast, Ni/CTF-1 is obtained in

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• considered for non-classical SPE mostly in the 2 eV spectral region using intra-bandgap excitation [96]. These luminescent centers, which were extremely robust at high temperature, exhibit linearly polarized ultra-bright sources of anti-bunched light [44][45][48][97][98][99][100]. However, the standing of h

• to strain, and strain alone is not required to activate the emission. Additionally, not all defects were found at the edges of the flakes, as previously found. While high-temperature operation indicates very robust emitters, the emission wavelength of the fluorescent defects in h-BN is uncontrolled

• density of emitters. Such methods based on high-temperature annealing in air and ultraviolet ozone processing are effectively used to improve SP purity (g(2)(0) ≤ 0.1) and the linewidth (FWHM room temperature of ≈3 nm) of the ZPL of CVD-grown h-BN [108]. By control of the boron diffusion through copper

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• residuals to synthesize carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), annealing at high temperature, and laser ablation (LA) in a NH4OH solution. The carbon nanoparticles synthesized with the HTC process (HTC-CDs) exhibit photoluminescent characteristics with strong blue emission. The annealing

• , which involves the HTC treatment, high-temperature annealing, and LAL processing, sequentially. The purpose of the LAL processing is to introduce N-containing functional groups onto the surface of carbon nanoparticles and to recover the PL of carbon nanoparticles/CDs that was quenched by the high

• high-temperature annealing in nitrogen. In contrast to the analysis of the electrochemical performance of large carbon particles of micrometer size [33], this work is focused on the optical characteristics of nanometer-sized CDs, which are synthesized by two different approaches. One is similar to the

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• synthesis, high conductivity and nitrogen content. Porous carbon materials, with high porosity and nitrogen content, have also been obtained from PANI. In other words, functional carbon, for catalysts and supercapacitors can be derived from high temperature carbonization of PANI, especially in the co

• containing dibenzothiophene or dimethyldibenzothiophene [42][43]. However, further research is required to utilize the highly porous PDC materials for the purification of water contaminated with organics such as dyes. Herein, we utilized PDC, prepared especially at high temperature, for the purification of

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• as the pitch (red) and the resin (green) graphitized at 3000 °C. The sponge-like monolithic structure is retained even at high temperature. The resin-derived carbon monolith displays thicker macropore walls and a less homogenous macropore space, while the macroporosity of the pitch-based carbon

• of 0.2 mL/g. This quite high porosity is probably due to the fact that resin yields non-graphitizable carbon, i.e., cannot be converted into graphite, even at high temperature. The pores are formed due to the rigid network-like connection of the aromatic groups and the more isotropic arrangement of

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• ), and analyzed their physical and biological properties [18][19][20]. However, the hydrothermal method requires expensive autoclaves to maintain high temperature and pressure and uses toxic chemicals to yield different morphologies of Hap, especially nanorods [21]. These Hap nanorods possess enhanced

• 750 °C to 1000 °C [34]. Likewise, Venkatesan and Kim (2010) isolated Hap from Thunnus obesus fish and their study revealed that a high temperature facilitates aggregation and increases the crystal size of the nanoparticles [35]. On the other hand, it was proven by Hung et al. (2012) that an increase

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• different values of the additional parameters are shown in Figure 3. At low temperature, the Kondo resonances appear at the values of the chemical potentials (ω ≈ μL and ω ≈ μR), and their amplitudes decrease with increasing temperature, completely vanishing at high temperature. These findings are in

• are shown in Figure 9. At low temperature, similar to the case of U → ∞ (see Figure 2 and Figure 3), the Kondo resonances appear at the chemical potentials, and their amplitudes decrease with increasing temperature and disappear at high temperature. Besides the temperature-dependent narrow and sharp

• . In analogy to the case of U → ∞ (see Figure 5), the zero-bias peak appears in the plot of the differential conductance when the bias voltage equals the Zeeman energy (eV = Δεd = 0). Its shape strongly depends on the temperature. At high temperature, the zero-bias peak is not observed. With decreasing

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• of ZnFe2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with different rGO content were prepared via a simple solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature annealing process in an inert atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the introduction of rGO had no effect on the spinel structure of

• acetone at low temperature, even at room temperature [32]. Hence, with the aim to fabricate a high-performance acetone gas sensor, we prepared hollow spheres of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composites using a one-pot solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature heat treatment process in an inert

• Functional Chemistry Co., Ltd (Suzhou, China). All other reagents (analytical degree) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Samples synthesis Hollow spheres of pure ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method followed by a high

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• copper was the same. Therefore, direct comparison of the data in Figure 8a,b and in Figure 8d is possible. Based on these data, it can be assumed that the cooling rate in the experiment can be estimated at 1.25 K/ps. A direct measurement of the cooling rate in the experiment is impossible due to the high

• temperature of the sample in the evaporation chamber under irradiation by a relativistic electron beam. A rough estimate of the cooling rate based on the experimental parameters is 105 K/s, which is significantly less than the modelled value of 1012 K/s. This is most likely due to the strong nonequilibrium of

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• surprising as spin impurities reduce spin relaxation times. Furthermore, high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) NDs provide a good enhancement while natural diamonds are not useful with this technique due to the low concentration of spin impurities. Vials with deionized water and NDs in solution were imaged

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• autoclave, and 150 mL of deionized water was added to the autoclave. The autoclave was then heated to 180 °C or 250 °C and maintained at this temperature for 12 h. The reaction occurred in the quartz crucible under the environment of high-temperature vapor of deionized water. The thermal chemical vapor

• + [21][46]. The substitution of O2− by S2− in the TiO2 lattice is responsible for the formation of the Ti–S bond [21]. The occurrence of neutral S (S0) results from the hydrolysis of thiourea at high temperature [47]. Neutral S (S0) is believed to adsorb on the TiO2 surface or partially enter the