Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• nature. A nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions in the size range of 1–100 nm. Additionally, it is worth noting that the molecular building blocks that constitute these hybrid materials can be as big as inorganic clusters, typically in the

• single layer NPs seem to behave differently from the double layer nanostructures. Namely, the single layer NPs exhibit a paramagnetic behavior while the double layer NPs exhibit ferromagnetism. Therefore, these new hybrid materials may be considered as multifunctional. The third type of core–shell or

• synergy between an SCO active shell and an SCO active core leads to a modulation of the SCO behavior, and furthermore, to a new kind of bistability at the nanometer scale. Conclusion The fundamental and technological developments associated with the vast hybrid materials domain are limited only by the

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• inorganic material, and (ii) a structuring function, either confining spaces or acting as supports or as scaffolds for the growth. As a result of the interaction of organic and inorganic matter, nature is able to create hybrid materials whose exquisite structures and properties continue to impress humankind

• recent – and in our opinion most representative – synthetic works involving the use of biopolymer and biopolymer colloids for the design of inorganic and inorganic/organic materials, with special emphasis on particles and particle synthesis. In the formation of polymer/inorganic hybrid materials, both

• strategies for the formation of hybrid materials have been recently reviewed elsewhere in detail [2]. In the present review, we will describe the use of biopolymers as controlling agents and templates, which implies that the polymer is almost always formed beforehand. Nevertheless, cross-linking processes of

Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity

• Gijo Raj,
• Colas Swalus,
• Eglantine Arendt,
• Pierre Eloy,
• Michel Devillers and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185

• advantages in the design of heterogeneous catalysts. A clear understanding of the organization of these hybrid materials on solid surfaces is necessary to optimise their properties. Herein, we report for the first time the organization of Keggin phosphotungstic [PW12O40]3− and Wells–Dawson (WD

• ) phosphomolybdic [P2Mo18O62]6− anions deposited on mica (hydrophilic), and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) (hydrophobic) surfaces. Next, the supramolecular organization of the organic–inorganic hybrid materials formed from the association of POM anions and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODA) is

• enable to develop highly dispersed POM-based heterogeneous catalysts with enhanced functionalities. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; heterogeneous hybrid catalyst; organic–inorganic hybrid materials; polyoxometalates; supramolecular organization; Introduction Polyoxometalates (POM) are well-defined

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• as Zn-phthalocyanine onto the surface of SWCNT to generate active hybrid materials able to give, by photoexcitation, a metastable radical ion pair state, namely oxidized ZnPc and reduced SWCNT [50]. Vaisman et al. [51] have demonstrated that the dispersion of CNTs in water-insoluble polymers is

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• readily utilized in applications that are governed by charge-transfer processes, for example, in solar cells. Alternatively, exfoliated graphene has been applied toward the realization of some donor–acceptor hybrid materials with photo- and/or electro-active components. The main body of research regarding

• obtaining donor–acceptor hybrid materials based on graphene to facilitate charge-transfer phenomena, which is reviewed here, concerns the incorporation of porphyrins and phthalocyanines onto graphene sheets. Through illustrative schemes, the preparation and most importantly the photophysical properties of

• graphene, in which the organic unit is tightly attached on the graphene network, is the method of choice for preparing novel donor–acceptor hybrid materials that can potentially facilitate photo-induced electron-transfer phenomena. Single-layer, bilayer and oligo-layer graphene sheets have been utilized to

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• -14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.167 Abstract Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and

• thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that

• the ionic liquid-based process yields materials that are potentially useful as scaffolds for regenerative therapies. Keywords: biomineralization; calcium phosphate; carbohydrates; cellulose; hybrid materials; ionic liquid; Introduction One of the key advantages of carbohydrates, especially cellulose

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• of different functionalities, cf. Figure 1. For a classification of NPs according to their composition, functionality, and fields of application we refer to a recent review [11]. To complicate the situation, most NPs do not consist of only one substance, but typically are hybrid materials, involving

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• ]. However, the design of nanocomposite materials is usually a challenging task, as it is often necessary to employ several steps with complex preparation methods. For instance, composite materials can be prepared by a combination of inorganic with organic moieties or hybrid materials, to obtain a

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• thickness and composition control on the molecular scale, even on complex three-dimensional structures. Moreover, by combining the two techniques, ALD and MLD, fundamentally new types of inorganic–organic hybrid materials can be produced. In this review article, we first describe the basic concepts

• . Such layer-engineered and/or nanostructured hybrid materials with exciting combinations of functional properties hold great promise for high-end technological applications. Keywords: atomic layer deposition (ALD); hybrid inorganic–organic thin films; molecular layer deposition (MLD); nanolaminates

• 2000s the two techniques, ALD and MLD, were combined to produce inorganic–organic hybrid materials (Figure 1), making it possible to synthesize totally new material families with versatile characteristics, which are not accessible by any other existing technique [10][11][12][13][14]. In the combined ALD

Photocatalysis

• Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1071–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.119

• and morphological tuning, in particular for hybrid materials systems such as Ag–ZnO, VTi/MCM-41, are important toward achieving higher solar energy conversion efficiencies. In a couple of reports, materials alternative to conventional metal oxides, for example, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• efficiency. The combination of plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductors led to surface plasmon lasers (SPASERs) [12][13]. Hybrid materials that combined magnetooptical layers with plasmonic nanostructures enhanced the Faraday and magneto-optical Kerr effect. Tailored nanostructures were able to lead to

Tensile properties of a boron/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid structure

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Ye Wei and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 329–336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.37

• around 3.4 Å. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the tensile properties of the doped graphene–nanotube hybrid structures, which will benefit the design and also the applications of graphene-based hybrid materials. Schematic view of the model GNHS-2.0%N2.0%B. Inset ‘A’ shows the boron and

• residual CNT wall are found to adhere to each other after failure with a distance of about 3.4 Å. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the tensile properties of the doped graphene–nanotube hybrid structures, which will benefit the design and also the applications of graphene-based hybrid

• materials. Keywords: doping; graphene; molecular dynamics simulation; nanotubes; tension; Young’s modulus; Introduction In recent years, low-dimensional structures such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene have attracted huge attention of the scientific community, because of their excellent performance

Dye-doped spheres with plasmonic semi-shells: Lasing modes and scattering at realistic gain levels

• Nikita Arnold,
• Boyang Ding,
• Calin Hrelescu and
• Thomas A. Klar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 974–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.110

• plasmonic shells [27][28]. Loss-compensation in the case of solid gold nanospheres embedded in a gain medium has been experimentally verified by Noginov et al. [29] and more recently confirmed by Strangi et al. [30]. The cancellation of the losses in hybrid materials that comprise resonant nanoparticle

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• ]. Kingshott et al. have demonstrated that the grafting of PEO onto the substrates by covalent bonding is necessary for an anti-fouling activity [23]. Herein, we propose a new synthetic strategy to prepare hybrid materials based on polysilazane (PSZ), which have an enhanced resistance against bacteria adhesion

• the PEO chains have a greater effect than the length of the PEO chains in inhibiting bacterial adhesion. As the grafting density of PEO750 and PEO2000 onto PSZ is approximately equivalent, the effectiveness of these two types of hybrid materials is controlled by the chain length of PEO. Consequently

• surface is approximately equal, the relative effectiveness of these two types of PEO is controlled by the length of the PEO chain. The PEO(2000 g/mol)-graft-PSZ coatings are more efficient than the PEO(750 g/mol)-graft-PSZ coatings for the bacterial anti-adhesion. Keywords: antibacterial; hybrid

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• fibers was solved by Feng et al. who made well-aligned MWCNTs/PANI hybrid materials. The methodology is the following: (i) VA-CNTs are grown on a quartz substrate by catalytic pyrolysis, (ii) the film is immersed in an aniline/HCl solution (0 °C, 12 h), (iii) polymerization on the CNTs surfaces. The

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• Mohammad Koleini Mads Brandbyge Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• -assembled monolayer; surface-attached metal–organic framework; Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with nanometer-sized pores. The size and density of the pores renders these materials with extraordinary large free volumes and inner

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• , and a broad range of fluorescence frequencies in the entire UV–visible and the near-IR spectrum, through molecular engineering [57][58][59]. For preparation of terthiophene/imogolite hybrid materials, imogolite solution was added dropwise to a THF solution of 2-(5’’-hexyl-2,2’:5’,2’’-terthiophen-5-yl

• terthiophene/imogolite hybrid materials. Reprinted with permission from W. O. Yah et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2011, 84, 893–902 [60]. © 2011, The Chemical Society of Japan. FTIR spectra (a) of HT3P/imogolite hybrid, HT3P, and imogolite, (b) of HT3OP/imogolite hybrid, HT3OP, and imogolite. Reprinted with

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• and morphology of LPEI@silica hybrid materials in solution [29][30]. Here we found that the surface nanostructure of LPEI@silica hybrid nanograss can also be controlled by tuning the LPEI concentrations or adding methanol for LPEI crystalline self-assembly. Figure 5 shows the SEM images of LPEI@silica

• , and a titania component into the LPEI@silica hybrid nanograss, leading to the facile creation of a functional nanosurface. This novel functionalization concept could be generally applied to other polyamine@silica hybrid materials. The silica@titania composite nanograss has been demonstrated to be a

Ceria/silicon carbide core–shell materials prepared by miniemulsion technique

• Lars Borchardt,
• Martin Oschatz,
• Robert Frind,
• Emanuel Kockrick,
• Martin R. Lohe,
• Christoph P. Hauser,
• Clemens K. Weiss,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 638–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.67

• ; TPO catalytic; Introduction In recent years miniemulsions have been studied intensively [1][2][3]. Polymeric nanoparticles [1][2] from homo- or copolymers [3] as well as hybrid materials [3][4] such as magnetic [5][6][7][8] or silica/polymer nanoparticles [9][10] have been synthesized by this

• resulting PCS spheres are either pyrolyzed instantaneously or functionalized before pyrolysis. The latter results in a core–shell-structured hybrid material. A promising method for the synthesis of core–shell hybrid materials in general was described by Landfester et al. [36]. They created surface

• shell and were converted to silicon(oxy)carbide by pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere. The resulting hybrid materials were studied with scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping, which verified the core–shell design of this new material. Finally, it was shown that these materials are suitable

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) or a protic solvent that can form hydrogen bonds, such as water, was used. Keywords: inorganic–organic hybrid materials; mesoporous materials; nucleophilic substitution; silica; sol–gel chemistry; Introduction

• Inorganic–organic hybrid materials with tailored porosity on several length scales are of interest for a variety of applications, such as separation, adsorption, catalysis, energy storage, etc., due to the benefits arising from each pore size regime, e.g., rapid mass transport through macropores combined

Novel acridone-modified MCM-41 type silica: Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence tuning

• Maximilian Hemgesberg,
• Gunder Dörr,
• Yvonne Schmitt,
• Andreas Seifert,
• Zhou Zhou,
• Robin Klupp Taylor,
• Sarah Bay,
• Stefan Ernst,
• Markus Gerhards,
• Thomas J. J. Müller and
• Werner R. Thiel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 284–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.33

• -tailored sol–gel precursors prior to implementing them into the solid, thus increasing the depth of information compared to the data solely drawn from solid state measurements. Focusing on the synthesis of novel inorganic–organic hybrid materials, we also investigated new ways to produce trialkoxysilanes

• well as the textural properties of the hybrid materials were determined at 77 K by a Quantachrome Autosorb 1 sorption analyzer. Before analysis, the samples were activated at 120 °C overnight in the vacuum and then the adsorption–desorption procedure was conducted by passing nitrogen into the sample

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• organic anions to give hybrid materials, which have been recently studied as materials for drug delivery [22] or green pesticides [23]. As the basic properties of HTs depend on the metal composition and the M3+/(M3+ + M2+) ratio, [24][25][26], in this work we prepared HTs with different M2+ composition