Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• . The images were examined by using picoView 1.14 software (Keysight). AFM images were analyzed after scanning with WSxM 5.0 Develop software version 8.0 [50] for obtaining the maximum height of the particles and height profiles. For this, the images were processed by levelling the plane of the image

• dimanno-AuNP (black) and PEG AuNP (red) solutions, obtained by DLS. SEM images of dimanno-AuNPs and PEG AuNPs adsorbed to a hydrophilic surface. (A) Dimanno-AuNPs and (B) PEG AuNPs (scale bars: 100 nm). (C, D) Particle diameter histograms from (A) and (B), respectively. STEM image of negatively stained

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• . Surface tension Surface tension was measured using the pendant droplet method with a drop-shape analyzer (DAS-100, KRÜSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Microemulsion droplets (17 µL) were formed at the tip of a stainless-steel needle and analyzed by image capture and subsequent software processing to calculate

• ® and additional licensed figures. The image of the beaker was provided by Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); The image of the GC–MS was adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki

• /File:Gas_chromatographs_with_functional_detectors_in_CAFIA_laboratory,_Czech_Republic.jpg, © 2021 by Sarka Na kopci, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0; The image of “Thermal analysis” was reproduced from https

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• findings were consistent across various imaging modalities. Analyzing the HRTEM image in Figure 2c revealed a lattice d-spacing of 3.214 Å, corresponding precisely to the (111) crystallographic planes. The SAED patterns in Figure 2d exhibited distinct, discontinuous diffraction rings with sharp points

• inset in Figure 2c. The particle size distribution graphs in this image unequivocally affirmed the successful attainment of the desired homogeneity. Biological applications Antibacterial activity of AgSbS2 NCs Disc diffusion. The antimicrobial activity of AgSbS2 NCs at a concentration of 10 mg/mL

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• phase images compared to adhesion maps. Notably, the third eigenmode phase image provided the highest contrast, enabling clear distinction between thinner and thicker nanosheet regions. For the NSC15/Al BS probe (Figure 4), the lock-in amplifier detected the first two eigenmodes. Measurements were

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• applications in various fields. Structure of the tubes of Sabellaria alveolata. Picture of a reef fragment (Champeaux, Bay of Mont Saint-Michel) (A), with detailed views of the natural tubes (B, C). SEM image of an epoxy-embedded tube in cross section showing the arrangement of mineral particles (D

• showing cilia (D). Backscattered electron image of a longitudinal section through one building organ lobe showing secretory granules travelling towards the pit-like opening (E). Detail of the pit-like opening (F). Backscattered electron images of the two types of cement granules found in the adhesive

• . (A) SEM backscattered electron image with EDS spatial maps for phosphorus and sodium for the two types of cement cells. (B) SEM secondary electron image with EDS spatial maps for magnesium and phosphorus for the two types of cement cells. (C) Representative EDS spectra from the homogeneous granules

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• were analyzed first by generating net count (background subtracted) maps of the elements. Figure 3a shows the SEM EDX hyperspectral mapping analysis results for precursor 4 after Ga FIB decomposition experiments, including the BSE image and the corresponding elemental net count Kα maps for the elements

• : BSE image and corresponding elemental net count maps of C K, O K, F K, Si K, and Ag L lines. Results of machine learning NMF decomposition of the collected SEM EDX hyperspectral data b)–d). NMF loadings showing spatial distribution of the NMF decomposition components b) substrate, c) structures

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• magnetron sputtering with separate lithography, and (f) single SINIS detector with suspended Hf absorber. Aharonov–Bohm structure. (а) SEM image of the sample made by Manhattan-type SINIS fabrication and (b) I–V curve and dynamic resistance of the Aharonov–Bohm interferometer at 330 mK. NIS thermometer

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• degraded by detector noise. For FM-AFM this bandwidth is Δf = Γ(T/T*), whereas AM-AFM requires Δf ≤ Γ. Force sensitivity is, however, only one aspect of a high-performance AFM. Ultimately the image speed and resolution, both vertical and lateral, are influenced by many factors, namely, equilibrium tip

• blue-detuned cantilever drive ensures that the PI controller retracts the z-scanner in the event of a sudden drop in the measured signal, thus avoiding crashing the probe into the surface. The image in Figure 4a is acquired with a measurement bandwidth of Δf = 1.5 Hz < Γ, corresponding to a scan rate

• of roughly 67 s/line. The choice of the integral gain is crucial for optimal surface tracking. Too large values of integral gain result in an overly responsive feedback that introduces noise on the topographic image and feedback oscillations. Too low values can lead to instability or loss of surface

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• scalability, adsorbent nanomaterials offer a strong foundation for sustainable solutions that safeguard both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Sources and distribution of MPs in environmental systems. An illustration of the four main groups and mechanisms of adsorbent nanomaterials. SEM and TEM image of

• synthesized Co-MOFs for removing MPs. SEM images of (a) CeO2, (b) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (c, d) ZIF-67 before and after calcination at 500 °C, (e, f) ZIF-67-90@CeO2, and (g, h) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composites. TEM images of (i) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (j) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composite. (k) Enlarged TEM image of Co–N/C

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• imaging beamline P05 operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at PETRA III (DESY Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany). Phase contrast-based near-field holotomography was used to image our samples, utilizing a 300 µm gold Fresnel zone plate to focus the monochromatic beam with an energy of 11

• keV [32]. For the in situ nano-holotomography, a climate chamber [33] was used to image the specimen in a moist (90% RH) and a dry (<3% RH) state. A binning factor of two was applied to the images. The phase retrieval was performed using the Holowizard framework [34][35]. The sample volumes were

• information. DVC was performed using the image registration software Elastix with its implemented B-spline transformation (ver. 5.1.0) [39]. The images were aligned in a two-step process, first with an affine transformation and then with a B-spline transformation. For both steps, a pyramidal approach with

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• ), averaging over 720,000 pulses. One measured spectrum is sorted into the 2D image shown in Figure 7 by using the time difference between the pump signal and the probing signal. The 2D image averages over 720,000 gas pulses. Using the O 1s and N 1s core levels (Figure 7A–D), it is possible to follow both the

• under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Hydrogen oxidation reaction under ~0.5 ML Gr on Ir(111) at 370 K and 1 mbar total pressure. (a, b) 2D image plots of (a) O 1s and (b) C 1s during one hydrogen-rich pulse (50 s of

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• showed that both Young’s modulus (by 38%) and ultimate tensile strength (by 62%) could be increased by introducing V-shaped interfaces. Digital image correlation analysis and the fracture images showed that the positioning of the area with the highest glass fiber content can lead to spatial control over

• with the host branch and provide a framework for creating bioinspired functionally graded material systems with programmable local strain and failure behavior. Keywords: bioinspiration; digital image correlation; fiber-reinforced polypropylene; materials interface; programmable failure; Introduction

• SkyScan 1272 CT scanner together with SkyScan software (version 1.1.10, both Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, United States). Data were reconstructed using NRecon software (version 1.6.10.1, Micro Photonics Inc., Allentown, PA, United States). Image processing was performed using the image processing

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• nanowires. The corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern reveals clear diffraction rings attributable to anatase and minor brookite TiO2 phases. Additionally, the HRTEM image (Figure 1f) shows well-defined lattice fringes with a spacing of approximately 0.35 nm, which corresponds to

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• magnified image of the area exposed to irradiation from the outer rings (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5c) shows individual twisted nanofilaments. This observation confirms the participation of the outer rings in nanofilament formation and proves melting of the target by the outer rings. In

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• morphological features [118][119]. A 3D AFM image of ZnO NPs drop-cast on a glass substrate is shown in Figure 11b, revealing the surface morphology. Their photodetection and photovoltaic properties are discussed in the later sections of this review. Research articles provide limited information on the

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• spectra of the AgNPs seed shown in the Figure 1a displayed a single peak at 400 nm, indicating the presence of spherical silver nanoparticles with small sizes, consistent with studies in the literature [4][6][7]. The sample exhibited the characteristic yellow color of AgNPs. The TEM image and size

• performed (HORIBA XploRA ONE TM, France) using a 532 nm laser source and a 10× magnification microscope. Measurements were taken at ten random positions, and the average intensity was recorded. (a) UV–vis spectrum, (b) TEM image and (c) size distribution of seeds. UV–vis spectra of silver nanoparticles at

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• complete as intended and these electrodes were discarded. A thin layer of copper deposition on the exposed platinum nanowire tip was further examined using SEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental composition analysis. Figure 2b presents an SEM image of the copper-coated

•  5a, an upright microscope was tilted 90° and placed on its side for vertical nanowire growth. Horizontal nanowire growth with the DENA method results in an angle between the nanowire and the tungsten rod, which is not ideal for this nanoscale electrode application. Figure 5b shows a close-up image of

• nanowire coated with parylene-C polymer, and (d) a laser-exposed platinum electrode. Scale bars are 10 μm. (a) Optical image of electrochemically deposited copper nodule on platinum nanowire tip. Scale bar is 10 μm. (b) SEM image of the deposited thin copper layer on the platinum nanowire tip of an

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• potential presence of oxidizing agents in brackish water can lead to the breakdown of the PDA matrix. The cross-sectional SEM image shows that the PDA layer remains present on the surface of the Ag@PCTA membrane, with a relatively dense structure (Figure 4h). High-magnification views clearly depict the PDA

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• accomplished via assessment of the imaging quality on the target molecule and also the characteristics of the scanning tunnelling spectra (STS) on clean metal surfaces. Critically for spectroscopic experiments, assessment of the spatial resolution of the image is not sufficient to ensure a high-quality tip for

• . This schema achieved final precision in classification of 84% and a recall of 74%. Similarly to image classification in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) [16][17][18], the availability of such a large amount of data for training is usually very low, making ML-based classifiers troublesome to train. In

• number of STS measurements can be obtained over various molecules automatically with optimised tips and the quality of the spectra and image assessed automatically. Methods Experimental details We used a third-generation commercial low-temperature (LT) STM NC-AFM instrument (Scienta Omicron GmbH), which

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• light scattering (DLS) is commonly used to determine liposome size and size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to image liposome morphology and determine lamellarity. Zeta potential measurements assess the surface charge of liposomes, which