Nanoglasses: a trail towards uncharted regions of vitreous materials and their properties?

• Gerhard Wilde and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.72

• direct structural observations, confirm that columnar thin-film nanoglasses are “true” nanoglasses in the exact sense of the original definition. Moreover, the columnar geometry allowed for imaging and structural analyses of the glass–glass interfaces for the first time. The diffusion measurements

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• the material’s performance in biological assays, such as hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity. The particle size, as discussed in the preceding paragraphs, can be determined statistically through electron microscopy imaging, as well as by calculating the specific surface area of the

Development of Protium heptaphyllum essential oil-loaded nanocapsules: experimental design and biological activity

• Debora Freitas Silva,
• Kaidy Giselle Orellana,
• Allessya Lara Dantas Formiga,
• Jin Wang,
• Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade,
• Aline Collares Valente Pinheiro,
• Maria Izabel de Jesus,
• Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna,
• Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira,
• Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira,
• Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior,
• Emmanuel Abraham Ho and
• Marcele Fonseca Passos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 974–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.67

• were stained with the fluorescent dye PKH26 (16 μM) and incubated for 45 min. Excess dye was removed by washing with PBS, and adherent cells were retained for analysis. Cell migration was assessed by fluorescent imaging at 0 h and 12 h using an EVOS FL Auto Imaging System (Thermo Fisher Scientific

• without FBS), and NPNC treatment (1:8 dilution). Images were captured at 5× magnification using an EVOS FL Auto Imaging System microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Kitchener, Canada) at 0 h and 12 h after incubation. Green lines indicate the wound edges at each time point. Scale bar: 200 μm. (B

Nanocarrier strategies to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy

• Andreina Quevedo-Enríquez,
• Katty Yi Zhang,
• Denisse Yajaira Enriquez,
• Byron Raul Inapanta,
• Roxana Noemí Peroni and
• Christian Rafael Quijia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 882–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.64

• , such as lipid shells surrounding polymeric cores or polycarbonates embedded in a uniform matrix. Due to their high encapsulation efficiency, LPNs are widely used for sustained drug release in cancer therapy and for applications in medical imaging [64]. LPNs typically combine a lipid bilayer or core

He⁺ FIBID-fabricated 3D AFM tip architectures: an exploratory study of hollow pillars, helices, and spirals

• Alba Arroyo-Fructuoso,
• Ana Galet,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Rosa Córdoba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.62

• the geometry of the structure, especially at the apex region, which is critical for imaging performance. Changes in tip radius, shape, or structural integrity can directly affect lateral resolution and tip–sample interaction. Therefore, although purification strategies are well established for planar

• nanostructures, their implementation in AFM tips must balance improvements in material properties with the preservation of the original nanoscale geometry. For high-aspect-ratio AFM imaging, carbon nanotube (CNT) tips remain an important benchmark because of their small effective radii, flexibility, and long

• -established use in confined or deep-feature imaging [32][33][34]. In comparison, direct-write approaches such as FIBID and FEBID are not necessarily expected to outperform CNT or commercial ultrasharp probes in conventional topographic imaging. Their main appeal lies instead in deterministic on-cantilever

Cross-scale design of chemosensor arrays: from molecular self-assembly in water to paper-based devices for metal ion detection

• Yui Sasaki and
• Tsuyoshi Minami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 828–838, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.59

• processed using imaging analysis to extract color information (e.g., RGB values) and further analyzed using pattern-recognition methods. Indeed, each chemosensor on the paper device showed different colorimetric responses to metal ions, indicating the fingerprint-like patterns containing multidimensional

• visualized qualitatively and quantitatively. To address the challenges of metal ion analysis outside laboratories, paper-based platforms are attractive owing to their compatibility with office-printing technologies and portable imaging tools. Importantly, the paper-based chemosensor array device demonstrated

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• Kingdom) and analyzed using a Zeiss-Axioimager A1 microscope and the ISIS imaging software package (MetaSystems, Altlussheim, Germany). The results are presented as the proliferation index (PI), that is, the ratio between the number of immunoreactive (Ki-67+) cells and the total number of cells. At least

• ) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody, Cyanine3 (Cy3, A10520, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Type-I collagen was monitored qualitatively using a Zeiss-Axioimager A1 microscope and the ISIS imaging software package. Quantitative analysis of TCC after treatments was assessed using the Total

• agglomeration in suspension, which was confirmed by TEM imaging. Stronger agglomeration of dwAgNPs6mJ one month after synthesis compared to SageAgNPs6mJ confirmed that sage acts as a potent reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. As mentioned above, this phenomenon is probably a result of high

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• (4.8 MeV/u 197Au25+). For both irradiations, the flux was kept below 1 × 109 s−1·cm−2 to avoid thermal damage. Total fluence was again set to Φ = 5 × 1011 cm−2. All irradiations were under perpendicular incidence. Imaging STEM measurements were carried out in Vienna with an aberration-corrected Nion

• UltraSTEM 100. Prior to imaging, the samples were heated at 170 °C for around 10 h in vacuum to remove water and minimize the amount of surface contamination, and inserted into the microscope without air exposure [68]. The images were recorded with a medium-angle annular dark-field (MAADF) detector with a

• variations can make purely threshold-based edge detection unreliable. To ensure comparability with the suspended-layer reference data, which originate from our previous work, the same general procedure regarding sample preparation, STEM imaging, and image analysis was applied. Raman and PL spectroscopy Raman

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• nuclei in Caco-2 cells cultured in the microfluidic device and in 96-well plates. Under both conditions, epifluorescence imaging shows that the nuclei, ZO-1, and F-actin signals are localized within the same focal plane and are distributed across the entire liquid–liquid interface formed in the

• immunofluorescence imaging confirmed tight-junction formation and organized actin cytoskeletons, indicating early-stage epithelial maturation. Unlike conventional systems that rely on plastic or silicone rubber substrates for cell adhesion, our system enables direct cell culture on a liquid–liquid interface

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• bioactuators for drug delivery [6][7][8][9], and most recently as actuators for optogenetics in mice [10]. However, dFONs are most widely used as biomarkers for fluorescence imaging. Their stealth properties can be engineered as needed [11][12][13][14], making them versatile for use in cells, tissues [15] and

• Instruments, Newtown, CT, USA), with a 6 mm diameter probe) – which was continued for 3 min after the addition, yielding, respectively, dFONs(1) or dFONs(2). TEM observation The dry size of the dFONs was measured using TEM at the Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC) facility. TEM images were acquired on a Hitachi

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• microscopy (SEM) using a JSM-6010PLUS/LV InTouchScope™ system from JEOL (Tokyo, Japan), operating at an accelerating voltage of 11 kV. Prior to imaging, each nonwoven sample underwent a double-coating process with a thin gold layer (2–3 nm). Microstructural analysis was subsequently performed utilizing

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• above a surface of interest while measuring one or more properties. This process allows for atomic-level imaging of properties, spectroscopic analysis, and even manipulation of a sample toward atomic-scale manufacturing [1]. However, a number of factors limit higher throughput of these techniques. First

• kHz resonant frequency). These experiments were run under ambient conditions in an AM-AFM mode. Prior to engaging with the sample, we performed an auto-tuning operation to optimize the cantilever frequency and manually optimized the z-height feedback parameters for reasonable imaging quality. In the

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• target, hence improving drug efficacy while minimizing unwanted side effects. At the same time, some nanomaterials can provide new therapeutic modalities themselves and could also be used for diagnosis and imaging. Multiple drugs and therapies can be combined within the same carrier particle to

Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• ) complicates direct thickness identification of 1L MoS2; thus, phase imaging (Figure 1b) was used to distinguish MoS2 from the substrate (based on the contrast from differences in tip–sample interaction). Cross-sectional profiles (Figure 1a inset) show two distinct thicknesses of 0.7 and 1.8 nm. The

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• exhibit a pattern similar to that of the majority shown in Figure 3e. This change in ZnPc imaging is consistent with the interpretation in terms of planar-square to shuttlecock structure mentioned before. Actually, as the Pc conjugated core is brought-in deeper into the matrix (i.e., closer to the

• an inverted optical microscope (IX71, Olympus) equipped with an objective lens (Nikon, 60×, 0.8 N.A.). The detection chain was made of an imaging spectrometer (Kymera 193i, Andor) equipped with a blazed grating (SR2-GRT-0150-0500, Andor) and a CMOS camera (Zyla 5.5, Andor). An automated slit was

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• Carlos Donate Buendia Bilal Gokce Leonid V. Zhigilei GROC·UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• degrees and distinct distributions of oxygen-containing functional groups, as evidenced by UV–vis, Raman, FTIR, and XPS. TEM imaging further highlighted pronounced morphological differences among the Agro-GO samples, ranging from compact, defect-rich aggregates to partially layered domains. These

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• for the atoms in the investigated material, or under specific imaging conditions using STM, as described in section “Where are the limits for controlled defect engineering in terms of spatial precision, single type or size (e.g., hole size), and scalability?”. As a non-invasive technique, Raman

• unambiguous identification of the emitters’ microscopic nature. Scanning tunneling microscopy luminescence (STML) offers a compelling solution. By combining atomically resolved imaging and spectroscopy by means of scanning tunneling microscopy/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS) with localized

• /quantification using STM/STS? STS and orbital imaging provides unique fingerprints of point defects in TMDs including common impurities found in synthetically grown TMDs, such as oxygen substitutions (OX) [51][120] and carbon–hydrogen complexes () [121][122] at chalcogen sites, molybednum (MoM) [120], chromium

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• that combine imaging and therapy, and the challenges that remain for translating these technologies into clinical practice. By merging principles of biomimicry with nanotechnology, BNPs offer a promising new approach to more precise and effective cancer treatments tailored to individual patients

• theranostic applications [39] by facilitating tumor visualization through various imaging techniques [40], including fluorescence imaging [41], computed tomography [42], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [43]. The development of nanobiotechnology in PDT opens new horizons for creating more effective and

• also widely used to enhance BNP functionality [73][74][75]. Non-covalent methods, such as lipid insertion, allow for the integration of targeting ligands, peptides, or imaging agents into the membrane without disrupting protein activity. Covalent modifications, including the attachment of antibodies or

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• prepared in triplicate (n = 9 measurements). The materials obtained with extreme coating times underwent for further tests, that is, PDA 10 min, PDA 24 h, PTYR 30 min, PTYR 24 h. Thickness of the coatings Microscopic imaging was performed using a Hitachi SU8230 ultrahigh-resolution field-emission scanning

• electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5.0 kV. To measure the thickness of PDA and PTYR coatings, the coated materials were scratched with a scalpel to create a cavity. For imaging, the sample was positioned vertically, and the microscope stage tilt

• coatings’ surfaces were sputter-coated with a 10 nm layer of AuPd and visualized with an ultrahigh-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope Hitachi SU8230 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan, magnification 5 000×). The imaging was done before washing and then after 1, 7, 14, and 28

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• were performed in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber (base pressure below 10−10 bar) equipped with a semi-imaging analyser MAC 2 (Riber Instruments) operating in the constant pass energy mode (with a total energy resolution of 1.1 eV). Non-monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) was used (8 kV, 8 mA). The

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• Sergio Molina-Prados Nadezhda M. Bulgakova Alexander V. Bulgakov Jesus Lancis Gladys Minguez Vega Carlos Donate-Buendia GROC-UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

• neutron capture therapy [62][63], viral [64][65] and microbial growth inhibition [42][66], antibacterial agents [67][68], anticancer treatments [67][69], magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent [70], photothermal therapy [71][72], cell imaging [73], proton therapy enhancement [74][75], fluorescence [76

• combination, as shown in Figure 3. As a general strategy for imaging and material processing, beam shaping technologies represent a research field covered in numerous reviews [98][99]. In the subsequent sections, this review offers a more detailed discussion of beam-shaping methodologies for nanoparticle

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• the lateral interactions [7][12][13][14]. The torsional oscillation modes of AFM cantilevers are sensitive to in-plane interaction [15][16][17]. This method enabled highly accurate imaging of the in-plane crystalline orientation by utilizing friction information [14]. Quartz tuning fork AFM is useful

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• materials used in LAO experiments are highly doped Si or metals including W, Pt, Au, and Ir. Si-based tips are cheap but lack mechanical durability, frequently suffering from deformation or damage during imaging and patterning. Metal-coated tips all offer excellent electrical conductivity and improved

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• largely absent from scientific literature. Although previous studies have examined wood anatomy using various imaging techniques, such as X-ray micro-computed tomography in addition to scanning and transmission electron microscopy [22][23][24][25][26][27], high-resolution 3D reconstructions of single

• , Pdet = 6.5 µm pixel size, 2048 × 2048 pixel, 16 bit image depth) with a 10 µm Gadox scintillator was used as the detector. For high-contrast and low-dose imaging, holotomography was applied as the phase contrast technique. Here, a gold Fresnel zone plate with a diameter of 300 µm was used [30]. By

• arrangements of single fibers and tracheids with unprecedented 3D details in spatial distribution compared to traditional methods such as SEM, which, however, show more details of the pit structures [40][41][42]. Unlike those conventional imaging methods, nano-CT 3D models provide a comprehensive view of pit