Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• during the germination of the seeds, with the consequent emergence of hypocotyl, which is the part of the axis of the embryo or seedling located between the insertion point of the cotyledon and the one in which the radicle begins [32]. The calculation of the GSI was performed using an adaptation of the

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• screening by the substrate electrons. As a result, the energy levels are significantly broadened and molecular properties, such as vibrations are hidden within the spectral line shapes. Insertion of thin decoupling layers reduces the line widths and may give access to the resolution of electronic and

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• , the insertion of special modifiers on the FGDA nanocubes may increase their applicability in the clinical settings. Experimental Materials Oleic acid (C18H34O2, OA) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) were purchased from Tianjin Beichenfangzheng Chemical Reagent Factory. Hexane (C6H14), absolute ethanol

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• pure ITO layer (as reference) were prepared by RF and DC sputtering. The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/Al–Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were investigated before and after annealing at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of the Al–Ag intermediate bilayer

• indium metal is needed [9][10][11]. The insertion of a metal layer reduces the transparency of the ITO electrode due to opaqueness of the metal, but selecting an optimal metal thickness can effectively decrease the reflection from the metal film and thus enhance the transmittance. Furthermore, it gives

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• specific carriers) [72][73], membrane bending, which occurs through different mechanisms, including the insertion of hydrophobic protein motifs in the membrane, local recruitment of membrane-bending domains, or scaffolding by proteins (the classic example being clathrin) [72][73][77][78], and scission of

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• the hydrophobic block can be tailored in order to guarantee a good insertion of the photosensitizer in the nanoobjects and confer the nanovectors with specific functionalities. The development of polymer engineering has allowed for the design of sophisticated structures that can be varied at will. In

• disulfide bonds has been proposed for stabilization. Li et al. [87] proposed telodendrimers formed by linear polyethylene oxide and pheophorbide a and cholic acid at the ends of dendritic polylysine. The insertion of four cysteine mioeties in the oligolysine backbone allowed for a stabilization of the

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• ligated by DNA via direct amidation, and the covalent attachment allowed the insertion of an array of porphyrin segments along the nucleotide sequence. Recently, a transmembrane lipid bilayer nanopore comprised of folded DNA became the center of attraction by mimicking natural protein pores. Howorka and

• porphyrin units were positioned at the terminal of a helical bundle that improved the directional insertion of the nanobarrel across the bilayer. AFM images showed that the assembled morphology of the hexagonally packed nanobarrels was made up of porphyrin-tethered DNA (Figure 8b). Stulz and co-workers

• presence across the lipid vesicle. Further investigations on ionic current traces demonstrated that the lipid membrane insertion and gating behavior of the nanopore resembled natural protein channels (Figure 8e). Embodiment of the porphyrin within the DNA system played dual roles, viz., imparting

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• shown to cause cytotoxic effects, and when it comes to viral vectors, a high probability of viral gene insertion into the host genome exists [6]. Therefore, the delivery strategy for macromolecules is still left as an unanswered question. In the best case scenario, an efficient delivery system would

• helical structure that Pep-1 obtains when interacting with the cell membrane favors its insertion into the membrane by forming a transient, transmembrane pore-like structure. Helical folding has also been observed for Pep-1/cargo complexes, suggesting that the cargo does not affect the peptide uptake

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• ]. Nucleation layers have the second but very important effect of controlling crystal orientation, which is commonly Ga-polar (0001) [7]. Other than nucleation layers, there are several more strategies for defect reduction. These all require the insertion of additional layers or layer transitions into the

• was indicated by a full width half maximum (FWHM) reduction of the (102) reflection from 170 to 161 arcsec. Therefore, it was assumed that the difference in overall layer thickness had no impact on its own. The insertion of a second 2D–3D interface (E) into the bulk u-GaN region yielded an even lower

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• , Egypt 10.3762/bjnano.10.245 Abstract Magnesium-based secondary batteries have been regarded as a viable alternative to the immensely popular Li-ion systems owing to their high volumetric capacity. One of the largest challenges is the selection of Mg anode material since the insertion/extraction

• the substrate is roughened on the atomic scale due to alloy formation, as demonstrated by CV and STM. Further multilayer deposition correspondingly leads to a rough deposit with protrusions of up to 3 nm. The cyclic voltammogram for Mg insertion/de-insertion from MgCl2/AlCl3/tetraglyme (MACC/TG

• : alloy; antimony; Au(111); electrodeposition; insertion; STM; Introduction Rechargeable batteries have become essential energy storing devices, which are widely used in portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. Magnesium-based secondary batteries have been regarded as a viable

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• of active substances in these two electrodes. It is known that nanomerization could improve the rate capability and insertion kinetics of electrode materials. The SEM and TEM images in Figure 3 and Figure 4 show that the grain size of LiFePO4 is larger than that of Li4Ti5O12, which is the possible

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• bisphosphonic dendron bearing three OEG chains [31]. In order to facilitate the insertion and increase the visibility of the perfluoroalkylated (or alkylated) end group in the microbubble wall, the central OEG chain carrying the piperazine moiety was lengthened (Figure 1a). A multistep chemical sequence allowed

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• carbene ligands (NHC) stabilize metal clusters and nanoparticles [44]. By insertion of the transition-metal center into the C2–H bond of imidazolium salts, transition-metal hydride complexes are formed [45]. Finally, H transfer reactions from the transition metal to GaCp* lead to the release of Cp*H

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• ]. Moreover, Mo can occupy multiple oxidation states, which enables a pseudo-capacitive charge transfer by insertion of electrolyte ions, such as Li+, Na+, K+ and H+ [28][29]. Upon cycling, MoS2 sheets can restack resulting in a decreased surface area, which is then followed by poor capacitive performance

• composite paper. The measurements were performed at a scan rate of 0.1 mV·s−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V vs Li/Li+. In the initial cathodic scan, two dominant reduction peaks at around 1.0 and 0.3 V are detectable (Figure 5a). The first is associated with the insertion of lithium ions into the van

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• synthesis [21]. However, after template removal at 450 °C or above, both approaches suffer from agglomeration, non-homogenous distribution, and low insertion of AuNPs in the silicate nanochannels. On the other hand, hexagonal mesostructured silica nanomaterials with dense filling of organic functional

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• separated by GaN barriers of 8 nm thickness, while a 13 nm wide, Mg-doped Al0.15Ga0.85N electron-blocking layer follows the last insertion. On top of the active region a GaN:Mg cap of about 120 nm length forms the p-type region. This results in NWs with a mean length of about 800 nm and a mean diameter of

• was found that the different emission lines in the spectra and their observed evolution with increasing injection current result from different emission energies and intensities of the four (In,Ga)N insertions. The low-energy line was attributed to the EL of the first insertion (QW 1) next to the n

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• , and hence the lattice is compressed upon substitution of La by Sr atom. Any further Sr insertion leads to electron deficiency within the SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 misfits and to the weakening of cohesion between LaS and TaS2 layers. The electronic density-of-states (DOSs) for the misfits with a Sr content up to

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• constants are plotted as a function of the programmed time constants in Figure 3c. Extending this technique to ionic transport systems requires only the insertion of an explicit time dependence of the capacitance C(t) in place of the time-dependent voltage in Equation 8. The capacitance follows the time

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• , i.e., the “quality” of contact, are decisive [42]. In hairy systems, this mechanism is supported by the distadly angled insertion of the hairs (in analogy to a broom), facilitating detachment during a distal push, whereas the flat angle during the proximal acts against contact peeling [28][42][43

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• ]. Subsurface imaging and 3D-multilayered structure studies with EFM have resulted in advances in our knowledge of specific types of materials. For instance, EFM comparison of the nanofiller diameter before and after insertion into the polymer matrix [26] showed an increase of the apparent particle diameter in

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• with picosecond pulses resulting in Isat = 16 kW/cm2, which is close to our observations. Passive Q-switching by ZnO nanorods The laser experiments were performed with the NRs grown for 5 h, because they exhibited minimum insertion loss. Stable Q-switching was also observed for the NRs grown for 10 h

• efficiency with respect to the CW mode, ηconv, was only 16% mostly due to the insertion losses of the SA. The emission spectrum of the CW laser consisted of several peaks in the spectral range 1.936–1.951 µm. These results correspond to the optimum transmission of the output coupler, TOC, of 5%. Power

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• procedures [60][61][62][63]. The rare-earth metal amidinates RE(amd)3 were synthesized by an insertion reaction of methyl lithium into 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide in THF. The resulting lithium amidinate solution was reacted with the RE halides in a salt metathesis reaction. The ionic liquids (ILs) [BMIm][BF4

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• to 822 mAh·g−1. This indicates that the as-prepared S/ZnO@NCNT composite is very stable and can tolerate the abusive condition of high-rate Li ion insertion and deletion. In addition to a strong S “confinement” effect of the active ZnO surface, this might also be attributed to the NCNT network and

• caused by the fast Li insertion/deletion. Moreover, small size ZnO nanoparticles provide abundant active sites for Li ion insertion and deletion and can also “buffer” the structural damage of the composite. In our previous work [13], it has been demonstrated that NCNT network and ZnO nanoparticles in ZnO

• plateaus with increasing rate. More importantly, it can be observed that there is only a small polarization of the electrode, which demonstrates highly reversible features of Li ion insertion/deletion in the S/ZnO@NCNT composite at various cycling rates. Table 1 compares the performance data reported for

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• changes. In Figure 1c–f we show the impact of different (tip-induced) voltage stresses applied under ambient conditions on two electrodeposited cathodes, i.e., MnO2 before (Figure 1c,d) and after lithium insertion (LMO, Figure 1e,f). From the resulting modifications of the current maps (Figure 1d,f) it is

• ). Worth noting is that also regions outside of our intended stress have slightly changed in local conductivity due to the readout bias (1.5 V). We also observed that the conductivity in the layer is not entirely uniform after lithium insertion, indicating that the LMO is not achieving maximum cathode